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Hungarian Invasions Of Europe
The Hungarian invasions of Europe (, ) occurred in the 9th and 10th centuries, during the period of transition in the history of Europe of the Early Middle Ages, when the territory of the former Carolingian Empire was threatened by invasion by the Magyars (Hungarians) from the east, the Viking expansion from the north, and the Early Muslim conquests, Arabs from the south.Barbara H. Rosenwein, A short history of the Middle Ages, University of Toronto Press, 2009, p. 15/ref> The Hungarians took possession of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) in a pre-planned manner, with a long period of settlement between 862–895, and launched a number of campaigns both westward into former Francia and southward into the Byzantine Empire. The westward raids were stopped only with the Magyar defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld (955), Battle of Lechfeld in 955, which led to the revival of the Holy Roman Empire in 962, producing a new political order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the Western half of the ancient Mediterranean world, the Latin West of the Roman Empire, and "Western Christendom". Beginning with the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, roughly from the 15th century, the concept of ''Europe'' as "the Western world, West" slowly became distinguished from and eventually replaced the dominant use of "Christendom" as the preferred endonym within the area. By the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the concepts of "Eastern Europe" and "Western Europe" were more regularly used. The distinctiveness of Western Europe became most apparent during the Cold War, when Europe was divided for 40 years by the Iron Curtain into the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc, each characterised by distinct political and economical systems. Historical divisions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Littoral Croatia
The Duchy of Croatia (Modern ; also Duchy of the Croats, Modern ; ; ) was a medieval state that was established by White Croats who migrated into the area of the former Roman province of Dalmatia 7th century AD. Throughout its existence the Duchy had several seats – namely, Klis, Solin, Knin, Bijaći and Nin. It comprised the ''littoral –'' the coastal part of today's Croatia ''–'' except Istria, and included a large part of the mountainous hinterland as well. The Croats settled in Dalmatia after defeating the Pannonian Avars, during the time of Byzantine emperor Heraclius I. The Duchy was in the center of competition between the Byzantine Empire and the Carolingian Empire for rule over the area. Croatian rivalry with Venice emerged in the first decades of the 9th century and would continue through the following centuries. Croatia also waged battles with the Bulgarian Empire (founded ; Bulgar-Croatian relations improved greatly afterwards) and with the Arabs; it also sough ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis The Child
Louis the Child (893 – 20/24 September 911), sometimes called Louis III or Louis IV, was the king of East Francia from 899 until his death and was also recognized as king of Lotharingia after 900. He was the last East Frankish ruler of the Carolingian dynasty. He succeeded his father, Arnulf, in East Francia and his elder illegitimate half-brother Zwentibold in Lotharingia. Louis became king when he was six and reigned until his death aged 17 or 18. During his reign the country was ravaged by Magyar raids. Life Louis was born in September or October 893 in Altötting, Duchy of Bavaria. He was the only legitimate son of king Arnulf of Carinthia and his wife, Ota, a member of the Conradine dynasty. He had at least two brothers: his elder, illegitimate brother Zwentibold, who ruled Lotharingia, and another brother named Ratold, who briefly ruled the Kingdom of Italy. East Francia Louis was crowned in Forchheim on 4 February 900. This is the earliest East Frankish royal co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berengar I Of Italy
Berengar I (; ; 845 – 7 April 924) was the king of Italy from 887 and Holy Roman Emperor, emperor between 915 and his death in 924. He is usually known as Berengar of Friuli, since he ruled the March of Friuli from 874 until at least 890, but he had lost control of the region by 896. Berengar rose to become one of the most influential laymen in the empire of Charles the Fat, and he was elected to replace Charles in Italy after the latter's deposition in November 887. His long reign of 36 years saw him opposed by no fewer than seven other claimants to the Italian throne. His reign is usually characterised as ''troubled'' because of the many competitors for the crown and because of the Hungarian invasions of Europe, arrival of Magyar raiders in Western Europe. His death was followed by an imperial interregnum that lasted 38 years until Otto I was crowned emperor in 962. Margrave of Friuli, 874–887 His family was called the Unruochings after his grandfather, Unruoch II of Fri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taksony Of Hungary
Taksony (, also Taxis or Tocsun; before or around 931 – early 970s) was the Grand Prince of the Hungarians after their catastrophic defeat in the 955 Battle of Lechfeld. In his youth he had participated in plundering raids in Western Europe, but during his reign the Hungarians only targeted the Byzantine Empire. The ''Gesta Hungarorum'' recounts that significant Muslim and Pecheneg groups settled in Hungary under Taksony. Early life Taksony was the son of Zoltán, according to the ''Gesta Hungarorum'' (written around 1200). The same source adds that Taksony's mother was an unnamed daughter of Menumorut, a local ruler defeated by the conquering Hungarians shortly before 907. Its unknown author also says that Taksony was born "in the year of Our Lord's incarnation 931". The ''Gesta Hungarorum'' reports that Zoltán abdicated in favor of Taksony in 947, three years before his own death. However, modern historians have challenged existing information on Taksony's early li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apor (chieftain)
Apor was a Hungarian tribal chieftain, who, according to the ''Chronicon Pictum, Illuminated Chronicle'', led a campaign against the Byzantine Empire in 958 or 959, where the legend of Botond (warrior), Botond takes place. He was the ancestor of the ''gens'' Apor. The Apor family, Apor family of Transylvanian nobility traditionally trace their origins to him. In his work ''Lusus Mundi'', 17th-18th century historian Péter Apor, Baron Péter Apor de Altorja claims such descent. Also, acknowledging that no surviving written sources explicitly state so, he proposed that Apor was a legitimate son of Hungary's Árpád, Grand Prince Árpád. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Apor 10th-century Hungarian people Magyar tribal chieftains Apor (genus) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kisa (chieftain)
Kisa or KISA may refer to: People * Janet Kisa (born 1992), Kenyan runner * Kisa Gotami, disciple of Buddha * Rostislav Kiša (born 1978), Czech footballer Places * Khisa, also known as Kisa, a village in Botswana * Kisa, Hiroshima, a former town in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, now merged with Miyoshi ** Kisa Station, a train station in Miyoshi * Kisa, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran * Kisa, Sweden, a town in Östergötland County, Sweden Organizations * Kisa BK Kisa BK ''(Kisa Bollklubb)'' is a Swedish football club located in Kisa, which was founded in 1925 and is still currently based in Kisa, Sweden. Background Kisa BK currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Västra which is the sixth tier o ..., a Swedish football club * KISA-LD, a low-power television station (channel 22, virtual 40) licensed to serve San Antonio, Texas, United States * KISA (Cypriot organisation), the Movement for Equality, Support, Anti-Racism (Greek: Κίνηση για � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Súr (chieftain)
Súr or Sur ( or ''Assur''; died 15 August 955) was a Hungarian chieftain and military leader in the 10th century. He was one of the generals, alongside Bulcsú and Lehel, who were executed after the Battle of Lechfeld. Name and tribal territory Historian György Györffy considered that Súr's name derived from an old Turkic dignity called "''čor''" in the 7th century, which title was then taken over by the Pechenegs ("''čur''"). In contrast, Gyula Kristó argued that his name originated from the Slavic equivalent "''šurъ''" meaning "brother-in-law". Based on his name Györffy considered that Súr was of Pecheneg origin, who came from a subjugated tribe, which was ordered to settle down along the western border during the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin protecting and guarding the '' gyepűelve'' there. Györffy argued that Súr was progenitor of the ''gens'' (clan) Osl, which possessed landholdings in Sopron County in the 13th century, as his name occurs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehel
Lehel (; died 955), a member of the Árpád dynasty, was a Magyar chieftain and, together with Bulcsú, one of the most important figures of the Hungarian invasions of Europe. After the Magyar defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld, he was executed in Regensburg. Origin The medieval chronicler Anonymus calls Lehel the son of Tas, who was one of the " seven chieftains of the Magyars", and a descendant of late Grand Prince Árpád. Most historians agree that there is a mismatch in the timing, though he should be the son of Tas, who is mentioned as a grandson of Árpád by Emperor Constantine VII. Lehel's dukedom from about 925 was the Principality of Nitra, where he ruled in the former Kabarian lands. The historic cities of Alsólelóc and Felsőlelóc (in present-day Slovakia) kept the name of Lél. His dukedom could also refer to the status of Lél being a crown-prince and duke-to-be. Battle of Lechfeld In the military conflict with East Francia, Lehel, together with Bulcsú, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulcsú (chieftain)
Bulcsú (or Vérbulcsú; , "Boulosoudes" and Βουλτζους "Boultzous", ; 910 – 15 August 955) was a Hungarian people, Hungarian tribal chief, chieftain and military leader in the 10th century. He held the title of ''Horka (title), harka'' (). Despite not being a member of the ruling Árpád dynasty, he was one of the most important figures of the Hungarian invasions of Europe. He led military campaigns in directions to the northwest, west and south either in the period 930–950s. In 948, Bulcsú visited the court of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, where he was received with a great pomp. Bulcsú adopted Christianity, the emperor became his godfather. He was a "guest friend of the emperor" and was awarded the title of "Roman Patrician (post-Roman Europe), patrician" (or ''patrikios''). After his army had lost the disastrous Battle of Lechfeld in 955, he was caught by the German victors and executed. The lands of his tribe laid around Lake Balaton in Transdanubia, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogát
Bogát (Eng: ''Bogat'') was a 10th century Hungarian General, according to Liudprand, Bogát was one of the leaders of the 921– 922 Italian Campaign under the name Busak. According to László Makkai, he then became the first Gyula of Transylvania. Gyula Kristó explains the origin of his name from the Slavic word ("rich"). Personal life In 921– 922, at the invitation of King Berengar I, Hungarian troops took part in the Italian civil wars. After 899–900, it was the second largest campaign in Italy. According to Liudprand, some Italian counts (Count Adalbert, Palatine- Count Odelrik, Count Gislebert and others) wanted to ivnite King Rudolph II of Burgundy to the Italian throne. The Hungarians, led by Dursak (Tarhacsi) and Bogat, rushed Berengar's unsuspecting opponents near Verona, killed Odelrik, and captured Adalbert and Gislebert. The Hungarians then made their way to southern Italy, and on February 4, 922, already under Byzantine authority, from Apulia. Anonymu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Árpád
Árpád (; 845 – 907) was the head of the confederation of the Magyar tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. He might have been either the sacred ruler or '' kende'' of the Hungarians, or their military leader or '' gyula'', although most details of his life are debated by historians, because different sources contain contradictory information. Despite this, many Hungarians refer to him as the "founder of our country", and Árpád's preeminent role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin has been emphasized by some later chronicles. The dynasty descending from Árpád ruled the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301. Biography Early life Árpád was the son of Álmos who is mentioned as the first head of the confederation of the Magyar tribes by all Hungarian chronicles. His mother's name and family are unknown. According to historian Gyula Kristó, Árpád was born around 845. His name derived from the Hungarian word for barley, ''árpa''. The B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
