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Human Echovirus 9
Echovirus 9 (also known as E-9, E.C.H.O. 9, and formerly Coxsackie A23 or A23 virus) is a serotype of echovirus Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identifie .... When first discovered, it was labelled as a coxsackie A virus, A23. It was later discovered that A23 was an echovirus antigenically identical to the already-known echovirus 9. Echovirus 9 is the most common enterovirus type. It is a common cause of illness in humans, although unlike many enteroviruses, it rarely infects infants. Its transmission is facilitated by crowded conditions. Those who are slightly ill and children are at particular risk of contracting echovirus 9 (A23). References Further reading *ICTV 7th Report van Regenmortel, M.H.V., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Carstens, E.B., Estes, M.K., Lemon, S.M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the subspecies level. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes ''serocomplex''. Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The '' Salmonella'' genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. '' Vibrio cholerae'', the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139. Serotypes were discovered by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933. Role in organ transplantation The immune system is capable of discerning a cell as being 'self' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echovirus
Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family ''Picornaviridae''. List of echoviruses Thirty-four echoviruses are known: * Human echoviruses 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, and 29–33 are strains of the species ''Enterovirus B'' of the genus '' Enterovirus''. * Human echovirus 8 was shown to be identical to Human echovirus 1 and was abolished as a species. * Human echovirus 10 was reclassified as a strain of the species ''Reovirus type 1'', currently named '' Mammalian orthoreovirus'' of the genus '' Orthoreovirus'', which belongs to the family '' Reoviridae''. As such, Human echoviru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie A virus (CAV) is a cytolytic Coxsackievirus of the ''Picornaviridae'' family, an enterovirus (a group containing the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses). Viral structure and genome Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Its protective, icosahedral capsid has an external portion that contains sixty copies of viral proteins (VP1,-2,-3) and an internal portion surrounding the RNA genome containing sixty copies of VP4 viral proteins. This capsid mediates cell entry and elicits the humoral immune responses. Enteroviruses have a depression encircling each fivefold axis (canyon), which is their binding site for immunoglobulin-like receptors. This binding can trigger viral expansion and release of its genome. A complete genome analysis of Coxsackie virus A2, A4, A5, and A10 strains isolated from individuals with hand-foot-mouth disease showed that natural recombination is fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enteroviruses
''Enterovirus'' is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine ('enteric' meaning intestinal). Serologic studies have distinguished 71 human enterovirus serotypes on the basis of antibody neutralization tests. Additional antigenic variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains. On the basis of their pathogenesis in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups, polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses (CA), Coxsackie B viruses (CB), and echoviruses, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. Enteroviruses isolated more recently are named with a system of consecutive numbers: EV-D68, EV-B69, EV-D70, EV-A71, etc., where genotyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
