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Holocaust In Italy
The Holocaust saw the persecution, deportation, and murder of Jews between 1943 and 1945 in the Italian Social Republic, the part of the Kingdom of Italy occupied by Nazi Germany after the Italian surrender on 8 September 1943, during World War II. One of the first actions that the Italian government took against Italian Jews began in 1938 with the enactment of the Racial Laws of segregation by the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini. These laws stripped away many basic human rights of the Italian Jewish citizens, with Jewish children not being allowed to go to school and Jews forbidden from marrying outside their cultural heritage. Before the Italian surrender in 1943, however, Italy and the Italian occupation zones in Greece, France and Yugoslavia had comparatively been places of relative safety for local Jews and European Jewish refugees. This changed in September 1943, when German forces occupied the country, installed the puppet state of the Italian Social Republic and imm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslavia
, common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p1 = State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg , p2 = Kingdom of MontenegroMontenegro , flag_p2 = Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg , p3 = State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , flag_p3 = Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg , p4 = Austria-Hungary , flag_p4 = Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg , p7 = Free State of FiumeFiume , flag_p7 = Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg , s1 = Croatia , flag_s1 = Flag of Croatia (1990).svg , s2 = Slovenia , flag_s2 = Flag of Slovenia.svg , s3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renzo Ravenna
Renzo Ravenna (Ferrara, August 20, 1893 - Ferrara, October 29, 1961) was an Italians, Italian lawyer and politician. He belonged to a prominent Jewish family in Ferrara and was, with Enrico Paolo Salem in Trieste, one of only two Fascism, Fascist mayors of Jews, Jewish origin in Italy before the introduction of the Italian racial laws, racial laws. He was an interventionist and volunteer during World War I and a friend of Italo Balbo; this made him first approach and then join the National Fascist Party, until he was appointed Podestà#Fascist era, podestà. He devoted himself to the administration of the city with particular attention to the economic situation, urban reconstruction and cultural initiatives. After his resignation, due to the institution of the anti-Jewish laws (1938) and with the death of Balbo (1940), he definitively distanced himself from Fascism: the persecution of his family by the regime, his flight to Switzerland and his subsequent return to Ferrara when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldo Finzi (politician)
Aldo Finzi (Legnago, 20 April 1891 – Rome, 24 March 1944) was a Jewish-Italian politician and soldier. Finzi started out his political career as an alderman in Badia Polesine. He participated in the First World War initially as a soldier, later as an artillery officer and finally as a pilot in the air service of the Royal Italian Army, and was one of the fighter pilots in Gabriele D'Annunzio's flight which dropped propaganda leaflets over Vienna. He was awarded one Silver and two Bronze Medals of Military Valor for his wartime service. Afterwards, he studied law in Ferrara. In 1921, he was one of the nine Jewish deputies elected to the Italian Parliament for the '' Fasci italiani di combattimento''. Having reached the rank of lieutenant colonel, in January 1923 he was appointed Vice Commissioner for the Air Force (the titular commissioner being Benito Mussolini himself, who however delegated all matters to Finzi), a post he held until 1925, being one of the founders of the Reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italo Balbo
Italo Balbo (6 June 1896 – 28 June 1940) was an Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Italian fascist politician and Blackshirts' leader who served as Italy's Marshal of the Air Force, Governor-General of Italian Libya and Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa. Due to his young age, he was sometimes seen as a possible successor to dictator Benito Mussolini. After serving in World War I, Balbo became the leading National Fascist Party, Fascist party organizer in his home region of Ferrara. He was one of the Quadrumvirs, the four principal architects (''Quadrumviri del Fascismo'') of the March on Rome that brought Mussolini and the Fascists to power in 1922, along with Michele Bianchi, Emilio De Bono and Cesare Maria De Vecchi. In 1926, he began the task of building the Italian Royal Air Force and took a leading role in popularizing aviation in Italy, and promoting Italian aviation to the world. In 1933, perhaps to relieve tensions surrounding him in Italy, he was given the task of g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roberto Farinacci
Roberto Farinacci (; 16 October 1892 – 28 April 1945) was a leading Italian fascist politician and important member of the National Fascist Party before and during World War II, as well as one of its ardent antisemitic proponents. English historian Christopher Hibbert describes him as "slavishly pro-German". Early life Born in Isernia, Molise, Farinacci was raised in poverty and dropped out of school at a young age, moving to Cremona and beginning working on a railroad there in 1909. Farinacci described himself as Catholic. Around this time period, he became an irredentist socialist and a major advocate of Italy's participation in the war when World War I began. After the war, Farinacci was an ardent supporter of Benito Mussolini and his fascist movement. He subsequently established himself as the '' Ras'' (local leader, a title borrowed from the Ethiopian aristocracy) of the Fascists in Cremona, publishing the newspaper ''Cremona Nuova'' (later on ''Il Regime Fascista'') a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Starace
Achille Starace (; 18 August 1889 – 29 April 1945) was a prominent leader of Fascist Italy before and during World War II. Early life and career Starace was born in Sannicola, province of Lecce, in southern Apulia. His father was a wine and oil merchant. Starace attended the Lecce Technical Institute and earned a degree in accounting. In 1909 he joined the Italian Royal Army (''Regio Esercito'') and by 1912 had become a second lieutenant (''sottotenente'') of the '' Bersaglieri''. A dedicated bellicist, he entered singlehanded in a brawl with pacifist demonstrators at the Biffi Cafe in Milan in August 1914 and gained quite a reputation by this action. Seeing action during World War I, Starace was highly decorated for his service, winning one Silver Medal of Military Valor plus four bronze. After the war, he left the army and moved to Trento, where he first came into contact with the growing Fascist movement. He also joined the Freemason lodge ''La Vedetta'' ("The Sentinel") ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Italy Under Fascism (1922–1943)
Fascist Italy () is a term which is used in historiography to describe the Kingdom of Italy between 1922 and 1943, when Benito Mussolini and the National Fascist Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. The Italian Fascists imposed totalitarian rule and crushed political opposition, while simultaneously promoting economic modernization, traditional social values and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church. According to historian Stanley G. Payne, " heFascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases". The first phase (1922–1925) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system, albeit with a "legally-organized executive dictatorship". In foreign policy, Mussolini ordered the pacification of Libya against rebels in the Italian colonies of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (eventually unified in Italian Libya), inflicted the bombing of Corfu, established a protectorate over Albania, and annexed the city of Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, regional decentralization entity of Trieste. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste, on a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia; Slovenia lies close, at approximately east and southeast of the city, while Croatia is about to the south of the city. The city has a long coastline and is surrounded by grassland, forest, and karstic areas. As of 2025, it has a population of 198,668. Trieste belonged, as Triest, to the Habsburg monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century, the monarchy was one of the Great Powers of Europe and Trieste was its most important seaport. As a prosperous trading hub in the Mediterranean region, Trieste grew to become the fourth largest city of the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risiera Di San Sabba
Risiera di San Sabba () is a five-storey brick-built compound located in Trieste, northern Italy, that functioned during World War II as a Nazi concentration camp for the detention and killing of political prisoners, and a transit camp for Jews, most of whom were then deported to Auschwitz. The cremation facilities, the only ones built inside a concentration camp in Italy, were installed by Erwin Lambert, and were destroyed before the camp was liberated. Today, the former concentration camp operates as a civic museum. Background The building was erected in 1913 and first used as a rice-husking facility (hence the name ''Risiera''). During World War II, German occupation forces in Trieste used the building to transport, detain and murder prisoners. Many occupants of Risiera di San Sabba were transported to the German Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau in Occupied Poland. Historians estimate that over 3,000 people were killed at the Risiera camp and thousands mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Concentration Camp
Italian concentration camps include camps from the Italian colonial wars in Africa as well as camps for the civilian population from areas occupied by Italy during World War II. Memory of both camps were subjected to "historical amnesia". The repression of memory led to historical revisionism in ItalyAlessandra Kersevan 2008: (Editor) Foibe – Revisionismo di stato e amnesie della repubblica. Kappa Vu. Udine. and in 2003 the Italian media published Silvio Berlusconi's statement that Benito Mussolini only "used to send people on vacation".''Survivors of war camp lament Italy's amnesia'' , 2003, Colonial war ...
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Einaudi
Einaudi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961), Italian politician * Mario Einaudi (1904–1994), Italian political scientist, son of Luigi * Giulio Einaudi (1912–1999), Italian publisher, son of Luigi and father of Ludovico * Giulio Einaudi (prelate) (1928–2017), Italian Roman Catholic archbishop and diplomat, Apostolic Nuncio * Luigi R. Einaudi (born 1936), American diplomat * Ludovico Einaudi (born 1955), Italian pianist and composer, son of the publisher Giulio See also * Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, in Rome * Giulio Einaudi Editore Arnoldo Mondadori Editore () is the biggest publishing company in Italy. History The company was founded in 1907 in Ostiglia by 18-year-old Arnoldo Mondadori who began his publishing career with the publication of the magazine ''Luce!''. In 1 ..., a publishing house founded by Giulio, now an imprint of Arnoldo Mondadori Editore * Reinaudi (other) {{surnam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
