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Hogganvik Runestone
The Hogganvik runestone is a fifth-century runestone, bearing an Elder Futhark inscription, that was discovered in September 2009 by Arnfinn Henriksen, a resident of Hogganvik, in the Sånum-Lundevik area of Mandal, Norway, Mandal, Vest-Agder, Norway, while working in the garden. Description The Hogganvik runestone is a stone slab of about , weighing approximately . It was lying face down and the runic inscription is therefore well preserved. The inscription, which is in Proto-Norse, can be approximately dated to between 350 and 500 Common Era, CE and consists of 62 characters, one a bind-rune. This is an exceptionally long text for the early period, either the second longest after that of the Tune stone (known since 1627), or possibly the third; the inscription on the Rö runestone, Rö stone has missing and illegible runes. A report was issued in October 2009 by runologist James E. Knirk, and provides a transliteration of the inscription. Text The stone is a memorial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verdens Gang
(), generally known under the abbreviation ''VG'', is a Norway, Norwegian Tabloid (newspaper format), tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, declining from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. Nevertheless, ''VG'' is the most-read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers. Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted, Schibsted ASA. History and profile ''VG'' was established by members of the Norwegian resistance movement shortly after the country was liberated from German occupation of Norway in World War II, German occupation in 1945. The first issue of the paper was published on 23 June 1945. Christian A. R. Christensen was the first editor-in-chief of ''VG'' from its start in 1945 to 1967, when he died. ''VG'' is based in Oslo. The paper is published in tabloid format. The owner, media conglomerate Schibsted, also owns Norway's largest newspaper, , as well as newspapers in Sweden, Estonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Norse Language
Proto-Norse (also called Ancient Nordic; Danish and ; ; ; ) was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic in the first centuries CE. It is the earliest stage of a characteristically North Germanic language, and the language attested in the oldest Scandinavian Elder Futhark inscriptions, spoken from around the 2nd to the 8th centuries CE (corresponding to the late Roman Iron Age and the Germanic Iron Age). It evolved into the dialects of Old Norse at the beginning of the Viking Age around 800 CE, which later themselves evolved into the modern North Germanic languages ( Faroese, Icelandic, the Continental Scandinavian languages, and their dialects). Phonology Proto-Norse phonology probably did not differ substantially from that of Proto-Germanic. Although the phonetic realisation of several phonemes had probably changed over time, the overall system of phonemes and their distribution remained la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestones In Norway
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition of erecting runestones as a memorial to dead men began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but the majority of the extant runestones date from the late Viking Age. While most of these are located in Scandinavia, particularly Sweden, there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off. History The tradition of raising stones that had runic inscriptions first appeared in the 4th and 5th century, in Norway and Sweden, and these early runestones were usually placed next to graves, though their precise function as commemorative monuments has been questioned. The earliest Danish runestones appeared in the 8th and 9th centuries, and there are about 50 runestones from the Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th-century Inscriptions
The 5th century is the time period from AD 401 (represented by the Roman numerals CDI) through AD 500 (D) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The 5th century is noted for being a period of migration and political instability throughout Eurasia. It saw the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, which came to a formal end in 476 AD. This empire had been ruled by a succession of weak emperors, with the real political might being increasingly concentrated among military leaders. Internal instability allowed a Visigoth army to reach and ransack Rome in 410. Some recovery took place during the following decades, but the Western Empire received another serious blow when a second foreign group, the Vandals, occupied Carthage, capital of an extremely important province in Africa. Attempts to retake the province were interrupted by the invasion of the Huns under Attila. After Attila's defeat, both Eastern and Western empires joined forces for a final assault on Vandal North Africa, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Directorate For Cultural Heritage
The Directorate for Cultural Heritage ( or ''Direktoratet for kulturminneforvaltning'') is a etat, government agency responsible for the management of cultural heritage in Norway. Subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment, it manages the ''Cultural Heritage Act (Norway), Cultural Heritage Act of June 9, 1978''. The directorate also has responsibilities under the Norwegian Planning and Building Law. Cultural Heritage Management in Norway The directorate for Cultural Heritage Management is responsible for management on the national level. At the regional level the county municipality (Norway), county municipalities are responsible for the management in their county. The Sami Parliament of Norway, Sami Parliament is responsible for management of Sámi people, Sámi heritage. On the island of Svalbard, the Governor of Svalbard maintains management responsibilities. For archaeological excavations there are five chartered archeological museums. History The work with c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Runestones
There are about 3,000 runestones in Scandinavia (out of a total of about 6,000 runic inscriptions). p. 38. The runestones are unevenly distributed in Scandinavia: The majority are found in Sweden, estimated at between 1,700 and 2,500 (depending on definition). Denmark has 250 runestones, and Norway has 50. There are also runestones in other areas reached by the Viking expansion, especially in the British Isles. Page, Raymond I. (1995). Runes and Runic Inscriptions: Collected Essays on Anglo-Saxon and Viking Runes'. Parsons, D. (ed.) Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 207–244 Most of these were on the Isle of Man where 31 from the Viking era have been found. Four have also been discovered in England, fewer than eight in Scotland and one or two in Ireland. There are scattered examples elsewhere (the Berezan' Runestone in Eastern Europe, Pritsak, O. (1987). ''The Origin of Rus'.'' Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. Saw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Age
The Iron Age () is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progressing to protohistory (before written history). In this usage, it is preceded by the Stone Age (subdivided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic) and Bronze Age. These concepts originated for describing Iron Age Europe and the ancient Near East. In the archaeology of the Americas, a five-period system is conventionally used instead; indigenous cultures there did not develop an iron economy in the pre-Columbian era, though some did work copper and bronze. Indigenous metalworking arrived in Australia with European contact. Although meteoric iron has been used for millennia in many regions, the beginning of the Iron Age is defined locally around the world by archaeological convention when the production of Smelting, smelted iron (espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runic Magic
There is some evidence that, in addition to being a writing system, runes historically served purposes of magic. This is the case from the earliest epigraphic evidence of the Roman to the Germanic Iron Age, with non-linguistic inscriptions and the '' alu'' word. An '' erilaz'' appears to have been a person versed in runes, including their magic applications. In medieval sources, notably the Poetic Edda, the '' Sigrdrífumál'' mentions "victory runes" to be carved on a sword, "some on the grasp and some on the inlay, and name Tyr twice." In the early modern period and modern history, related folklore and superstition is recorded in the form of the Icelandic magical staves. In the early 20th century, Germanic mysticism coined new forms of "runic magic", some of which were continued or developed further by contemporary adherents of Germanic Neopaganism. Modern systems of runic divination are based on Hermeticism, classical occultism, and the ''I Ching''. Historical evidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runologist
Runology is the study of the runic alphabets, runic inscriptions, and their history. Runology forms a specialized branch of Germanic linguistics. History Runology was initiated by Johannes Bureus (1568–1652), who was interested in the linguistics of the ''Geatish language'' (''Götiska språket''), i.e. Old Norse. However, he did not look at the runes as merely an alphabet, but rather something holy or magical. The study of runes was continued by Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630–1702) and presented in his collection ''Atlantica''. The physicist Anders Celsius (1701–1744) further extended the science of runes and traveled around Sweden to examine the ''bautastenar'' (megaliths, today termed runestones). Another early treatise is the 1732 ''Runologia'' by Jón Ólafsson of Grunnavík. The sundry runic scripts were well understood by the 19th century, when their analysis became an integral part of the Germanic philology and historical linguistics. Wilhelm Grimm published his '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Museum Of Cultural History, Oslo
Museum of Cultural History (, KHM) is an association of museums subject to the University of Oslo, Norway. KHM was established in 1999 as ''Universitetets kulturhistoriske museum'' with the merging of the bodies ''Universitetets Oldsaksamling'' which housed a collection of ancient and medieval objects, Viking Ship Museum (''Vikingskipshuset'') at Bygdøy, the Coin Cabinet (''Myntkabinettet'') and Ethnographic Museum (''Etnografisk samling''). In 2004 the name was changed to ''Kulturhistorisk museum''. The activities of the Museum of Cultural History are currently localized in four main buildings in Oslo city centre: Historical Museum at Frederiks gate 2 and Frederiks gate 3 and administration at St. Olavs gate 29, as well as the Viking Ship Museum on the Bygdøy peninsula.Anne-Sofie Hjemdah''Historisk museum – norsk museumsbygning i Oslo'' (Store norske leksikon)/ref> The Museum of Cultural History is one of Norway's largest cultural history museums. It holds the country's lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rö Runestone
The Rö runestone, designated under Rundata as Bo KJ73 U, is one of Sweden's oldest and most notable runestones. Description The Rö runestone was discovered in 1919 at the farm Rö on the island of Otterö, north of the fishing village Grebbestad in Bohuslän. At that time, it was erected near the location where it was found, but currently resides in the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm. The stone is made of granite and it is 2 metres tall and more than 1.2 metres wide. The inscription was made on a flat surface, unfortunately damaged due to flaking, and runs in four parallel rows from top to bottom. Using the elder futhark, the runes are composed in Proto-Norse exhibiting preserved declensions and intermediate vowels that would ultimately be lost when the language transitioned into Old Norse. The form of the runes suggests that the inscription dates from the early 5th century and is consequently the longest inscription from a period earlier than the 7th century. Because th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
