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History Of The San Fernando Valley
The history of the San Fernando Valley from its exploration by the 1769 Portola expedition to the annexation of much of it by the City of Los Angeles in 1915 is a story of booms and busts, as cattle ranching, sheep ranching, large-scale wheat farming, and fruit orchards flourished and faded. Throughout its history, settlement in the San Fernando Valley (usually called simply "The Valley") was shaped by availability of reliable water supplies and by proximity to the major transportation routes through the surrounding mountains. Native peoples and the coming of the Spaniards Topography and early settlement Before the flood control measures of the 20th century, the location of human settlements in the San Fernando Valley was constrained by two forces: the necessity of avoiding winter floods and need for year-round water sources to sustain communities through the dry summer and fall months. In winter, torrential downpours over the western-draining watershed of the San Gabriel Mounta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portola Expedition
Portola may refer to: * Portola (album), ''Portola'' (album), a 1998 album by Rose Melberg * Portola, California * Portola, San Francisco, California * Portola Music Festival People with the surname * Gaspar de Portolá (ca. 1717-aft.1784), Spanish soldier, first governor of the Californias (Baja and Alta), explorer and founder of San Diego and Monterey See also * Portola Hills, California * Portola Valley, California *Portola Pharmaceuticals {{disambiguation, geo, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongva Language
The Tongva language (also known as Gabrielino, Gabrieleño, or Kizh) is an extinct and revitalizing Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Tongva, a Native American people who have lived in and around modern-day Los Angeles for centuries. It has not been a language of everyday conversation since the 1940s. The Gabrielino people now speak English but a few are attempting to revive their language by using it in everyday conversation and ceremonial contexts. Presently, Gabrielino is also being used in language revitalization classes and in some public discussion regarding religious and environmental issues. Tongva is closely related to Serrano. The names of several cities and neighborhoods in Southern California are of Tongva origin, and include Pacoima, Tujunga, Topanga, Azusa, ''Cahuenga'' in Cahuenga Pass and ''Cucamonga'' in Rancho Cucamonga. The last fluent native speakers of Tongva lived in the early 20th century. The language is primarily documented in the unpublished f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simi Hills
The Simi Hills are a low rocky mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in eastern Ventura County, California, Ventura County and western Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, of Southern California, United States. The range runs mainly north-south, is approximately long by wide, and reaches a maximum elevation of at Simi Peak. Geography The Simi Hills are aligned east-west and run for , and average around north-south. The Simi Hills are part of the central Transverse Ranges System. They lie almost entirely within southeastern Ventura County, California, Ventura County, with some southern and eastern foothills within western Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County. The Simi Hills are on the western edge of the San Fernando Valley. The Simi Valley lies to the north, and the Conejo Valley lies to the southwest. The San Fernando Valley communities of Chatsworth, Los Angeles, Chatsworth, West Hills, Los Angeles, West Hills, and Woodland Hills, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malibu, California
Malibu ( ; ; ) is a beach city in the Santa Monica Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California, about west of downtown Los Angeles. It is known for its Mediterranean climate, its strip of beaches stretching along the Pacific Ocean coast, and for its longtime status as the home of numerous affluent Cinema of the United States, Hollywood celebrities and executives. Although a high proportion of its residents are entertainment industry figures with multi-million dollar mansions, Malibu also features several middle-class, middle- and upper-middle class, upper-middle-class neighborhoods. The Pacific Coast Highway (California State Route 1, State Route 1) traverses the city, following along the South Coast (California), South Coast of California. As of the 2020 US Census, 2020 census, the city's population was 10,654. The Palisades Fire, 2025 Palisades Fire devastated Malibu, with almost all of the beachfront homes near its center destroyed. Nicknamed "The 'Bu" by surfers an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chumash People
The Chumash are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now Kern County, California, Kern, San Luis Obispo County, California, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara County, California, Santa Barbara, Ventura County, California, Ventura and Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu, California, Malibu in the south to Mt Pinos in the east. Their territory includes three of the Channel Islands (California), Channel Islands: Santa Cruz Island, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa Island (California), Santa Rosa, and San Miguel Island, San Miguel; the smaller island of Anacapa Island, Anacapa was likely inhabited seasonally due to the lack of a consistent water source. Modern place names with Chumash origins include Malibu, California, Malibu, Nipomo, California, Nipomo, Lompoc, California, Lompoc, Ojai, California, Ojai, Pismo Beach, Point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokan Languages
The Hokan language family is a hypothetical grouping of a dozen small language families spoken mainly in California, Arizona, and Baja California. Etymology The name ''Hokan'' is loosely based on the word for "two" in the various Hokan languages: ''*xwak'' in Proto-Yuman, (pronounced ) in Seri, in Achumawi, etc. Compare similar construction of the term "Penutian". History of the proposal The "Hokan hypothesis" was first proposed in 1913 by Roland B. Dixon and Alfred L. Kroeber, and further elaborated by Edward Sapir. Initial follow-up research found little additional evidence that these language families were related to each other. But since about 1950, increased efforts to document Hokan languages and to establish sound correspondences in proposed lexical resemblance sets have added weight to the Hokan hypothesis, leading to its acceptance by many specialists in the languages of California, Oregon, and Mesoamerica. However, some skepticism remains among scholars. Lingui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tataviam Language
The Tataviam language is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language formerly spoken by the Tataviam people of the upper Santa Clara River basin, Santa Susana Mountains, and Sierra Pelona Mountains in southern California. It had become extinct by 1916 and is known only from a few early records, notably a few words recorded by Alfred L. Kroeber and John P. Harrington in the early decades of the 20th century. These word lists were not from native speakers, but from the children of the last speakers who remembered a few words and phrases. Language family Uto-Aztecan Scholars have recognized Tataviam as belonging to the Uto-Aztecan language family, specifically the putative Takic branch. Based on the most thorough and most recent analysis, it is part of the Serran group along with Kitanemuk and Serrano (Munro and Johnson, 2001). Chumashan An earlier alternative suggestion by some scholars is that Tataviam was a Chumashan language, from the Ventureño language and others, of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacoima, Los Angeles, California
Pacoima (Tataviam language: ''Pakoinga'', meaning "entrance") is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. It is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the San Fernando Valley region of LA. Geography Location Pacoima is bordered by the Los Angeles districts of Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California, Mission Hills on the west, Arleta, Los Angeles, California, Arleta on the south, Sun Valley, Los Angeles, California, Sun Valley on the southeast, Lake View Terrace, Los Angeles, California, Lake View Terrace on the northeast, and by the city of San Fernando, California, San Fernando on the north. It covers an area of . Landscape Ed Meagher of the ''Los Angeles Times'' wrote in 1955 that the 110-block area on the north side of San Fernando Road in Pacoima consisted of what he described as a "smear of sagging, leaning shacks and backhouses framed by disintegrating fences and clutter of tin cans, old lumber, stripped automobiles, bottles, rusted water heaters and other bric-a-brac of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tataviam People
The Tataviam (Kitanemuk: ''people on the south slope'') are a Native American group in Southern California. The ancestral land of the Tataviam people includes northwest present-day Los Angeles County and southern Ventura County, primarily in the upper basin of the Santa Clara River, the Santa Susana Mountains, and the Sierra Pelona Mountains. They are distinct from the Kitanemuk and the Gabrielino-Tongva peoples. Their tribal government is based in San Fernando, California, and includes the Executive Branch, the Legislative Branch, the Tribal Senate, and the Council of Elders. The current Tribal President of the Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians is Rudy Ortega Jr., who is a descendant of the village of Tochonanga. The Tataviam are not federally recognized, which has prevented the tribe from being seen as sovereign and erased the identity of tribal members. The tribe has established an ''Acknowledge Rent'' campaign to acknowledge "the financial hardships placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chumash Language
Chumashan is an extinct and revitalizing family of languages that were spoken on the southern California coast by Native American Chumash people, from the Coastal plains and valleys of San Luis Obispo to Malibu, neighboring inland and Transverse Ranges valleys and canyons east to bordering the San Joaquin Valley, to three adjacent Channel Islands: San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz. The Chumashan languages may be, along with Yukian and perhaps languages of southern Baja California such as Waikuri, one of the oldest language families established in California, before the arrival of speakers of Penutian, Uto-Aztecan, and perhaps even Hokan languages. Chumashan, Yukian, and southern Baja languages are spoken in areas with long-established populations of a distinct physical type. The population in the core Chumashan area has been stable for the past 10,000 years. However, the attested range of Chumashan is recent (within a couple thousand years). There is internal evidenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topanga, California
Topanga (Tongva language, Tongva: ''Topaa'nga'') is an Unincorporated area#United States, unincorporated community in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located in the Santa Monica Mountains, the community exists in Topanga Canyon and the surrounding hills. The narrow southern portion of Topanga at the coast is between the city of Malibu, California, Malibu and the Los Angeles neighborhood of Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, Pacific Palisades. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Topanga as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the population of the Topanga CDP was 8,560. The ZIP code is 90290 and the area code is primarily Area code 310, 310, with Area code 818, 818 only at the north end of the canyon. It is in the 3rd County Supervisorial district. Topanga is the largest unincorporated area in Los Angeles County by area, although a majority of it is undeveloped. The Palisades Fire, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tujunga, Los Angeles, California
Sunland-Tujunga is a Los Angeles city neighborhood within the Crescenta Valley and Verdugo Mountains. Sunland and Tujunga began as separate settlements and today are linked through a single police station, branch library, neighborhood council, chamber of commerce, city council district, and high school. The merging of these communities under a hyphenated name goes back as far as 1928. Sunland-Tujunga contains the highest point of the city, Mount Lukens. History Pre-colonial and Mexican eras Sunland and Tujunga were originally home to the Tongva people. In 1840, the area was part of the Rancho Tujunga Mexican land grant, but later developers marked off a plot of land known as the Tejunga Park, or the Tujunga Park Tract. The name "Tujunga" (or Tuxunga) is assumed to have meant "old woman's place" in the Fernandeño language, a dialect of the extinct Tongva language, where ''tuxu'', "old woman", is a term for Mother Earth in Tongva mythology. The term is thought to relate t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
