|
History Of Printing In Poland
The history of printing in Poland began in the late 15th century, when following the creation of the Gutenberg Bible in 1455, printers from Western Europe spread the new craft abroad. The Polish capital at the time was in Kraków, where scholars, artists and merchants from Western Europe had already been present. Other cities which were part of the Polish kingdom followed later. Cities of northern Polish province of Royal Prussia, like the Hanseatic League city of Danzig (Gdańsk), had established printing houses early on. The first printing shop was possibly opened in Kraków by Augsburg-based Günther Zainer in 1465. In 1491, Schweipolt Fiol printed the first book in Cyrillic script. The next recorded printing shop was a Dutch one known by the name ''Typographus Sermonum Papae Leonis I.'' that might have been established in 1473 on Polish territory, but its exact location has yet to be determined.Wieslaw Wydra, "Die ersten in polnischer Sprache gedruckten Texte, 1475–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagiellonian University
The Jagiellonian University ( Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in continuous operation in the world. It is regarded as Poland's most prestigious academic institution. The university has been viewed as a guardian of Polish culture, particularly for continuing operations during the partitions of Poland and the two World Wars, as well as a significant contributor to the intellectual heritage of Europe. The campus of the Jagiellonian University is centrally located within the city of Kraków. The university consists of thirteen main faculties, in addition to three faculties composing the Collegium Medicum. It employs roughly 4,000 academics and provides education to more than 35,000 students who study in 166 fields. The main language of instruction is Polish, although around 30 degrees are offered in Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hieronymus Vietor
Hieronymus Vietor (c. 1480, in Liebenthal (now Lubomierz) Silesia – late 1546 or early 1547, in Kraków)Tyszkowska, Bogusława : Hieronim Wietor - drukarz z Lubomierza', 2009. URL last accessed 2012-11-11. was a printer and publisher born in Silesia and active in Vienna and Kraków. Famous for the quality and quantity of his prints, he is considered one of the most important early book printers in Poland, also because he was the first to regularly print in Polish. He is also known as Hieronymus Philovallensis (a latinization of the name of his birthplace, Lubomierz/Liebenthal) or Hieronymus Doliarius, or in Polish as Hieronim Wietor or Büttner. Life Hieronymus' birthname was Büttner, sometimes also given as Binder or Pinder.Kopeć, Grzegorz: Wietor Hieronim', Słownik Biograficzny Ziemi Jeleniogórskiej, 2009. URL last accessed 2012-11-11 As son of Augustin Büttner, Hieronymus was born about 1480 in Liebenthal, today Lubomierz. In 1497, he was immatriculated at the Jagel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theophylact Simocatta
Theophylact Simocatta (Byzantine Greek: Θεοφύλακτος Σιμοκάτ(τ)ης ''Theophýlaktos Simokát(t)ēs''; la, Theophylactus Simocatta) was an early seventh-century Byzantine historiographer, arguably ranking as the last historian of Late Antiquity, writing in the time of Heraclius (c. 630) about the late Emperor Maurice (582–602). Life Simocatta is best known as the author of ''History'', a work split into eight books, about the reign of the emperor Maurice (582–602), for which period he is the best and oldest authority. However, his work is of lesser stature than that of Procopius and his self-consciously classicizing style is pompous, but he is an important source of information concerning the seventh-century Slavs, the Avars and the Persians, and the emperor's tragic end. He mentions the war of Heraclius against the Persians (610–28), but not that against the Arabs (beginning 629), so it is likely that he was writing around 630. Among his sources he use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (; pl, Mikołaj Kopernik; gml, Niklas Koppernigk, german: Nikolaus Kopernikus; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. In all likelihood, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. The publication of Copernicus's model in his book ' (''On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres''), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland since 1466. A polyglot and polymath, he obtained a doctorate in canon law and was a mathemat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is divided into Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, seventh largest EU country, covering a combined area of . It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordering seven countries. The territory is characterised by a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and Temperate climate, temperate transitional climate. The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Humans have been present on Polish soil since the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period over 12,000 years ago. Culturally diverse throughout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florian Ungler
Florian Ungler (died 1536 in Kraków) and Kasper Hochfeder were printers from Bavaria that after 1510 became pioneers of printing and publishing in the Polish language. *1512 ''Introductio in Ptolomei Cosmographiam'', with maps of America *1513 Biernat of Lublin's ''Raj duszny'' (The Spiritual Paradise) or ''Hortulus Animae'' (literally "Garden of the Soul"), was considered the first book printed entirely in Polish. It is, in fact, the second. *1514 ''Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam utilissimus'', the first Grammar of Polish language After having published about 80 works of high quality, he had to close his shop, working for his competitor Johann Haller for some time. From 1521 onwards, he worked again in a new shop of his own, publishing 160 works until his death in 1536, after which his wife Helena Ungler continued until 1551. See also * Incunabula * Johannes Gutenberg * Movable type * Printing * Early printing in Poland Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biernat Of Lublin
Biernat of Lublin (Polish: ''Biernat z Lublina'', Latin ''Bernardus Lublinius'', ca. 1465 – after 1529) was a Polish poet, fabulist, translator, and physician. He was one of the first Polish-language writers known by name, and the most interesting of the earliest ones. He expressed plebeian, Renaissance, and religiously liberal opinions."''Biernat z Lublina''" ("Biernat of Lublin"), ''Encyklopedia Polski'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 57. Life Biernat wrote the first book printed in the Polish language: printed in 1513, in Kraków, at Poland's first printing establishment, operated by Florian Ungler—a prayer-book, ''Raj duszny'' (''Hortulus Animae'', Eden of the Soul). Biernat also penned the first secular work in Polish literature: a collection of verse fables, plebeian and anticlerical in nature: ''Żywot Ezopa Fryga'' (The Life of Aesop the Phrygian), 1522. Works *''Raj duszny'' (Eden of the Soul), 1513 *''Żywot Ezopa Fryga'' (The Life of Aesop the Phrygian), 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hortulus Animae
''Hortulus Animae'' ( en, Little Garden of the Soul, german: Seelengärtlein, french: Jardin des Âmes, pl, Raj duszny) was the Latin title of a prayer book also available in German. It was very popular in the early sixteenth century, printed in many versions, also abroad in Lyons and Kraków. History An earlier well-known work of devotion and of moral instruction, richly illustrated with stories, was ''"Der Selen Würtzgart"'', first printed at Ulm in 1483. The meaning of the title is "Herb garden of the Soul", which is similar to later titles. The first known edition of ''Hortulus Animae'', dated 13 March 1498, was printed at Strasbourg by Wilhelm Schaffener of Ribeauvillé (''Rappschwihr''), followed by German versions appearing in 1501. Later editions contained woodcuts by the well-known engravers Hans Springinklee and Erhard Schön, with beautiful miniatures in some existing manuscript examples, like the one at Vienna (Cod. Bibl. Pal. Vindobonensis. 2706, 1907), which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being the official language of Poland, it is also used by the Polish diaspora. There are over 50 million Polish speakers around the world. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional dialects and maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (''ą'', ''ć'', ''ę'', ''ł'', ''ń'', ''ó'', ''ś'', ''ź'', ''ż'') to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet, although they are not used in native words. The traditiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Haller
Johann Haller or Jan Haller (1463–1525) is considered one of the first commercial printers in Poland. Early life Haller was born in Rothenburg, Franconia, Germany. After his studies at the Kraków Academy, Haller became a merchant in wine, copper and tin. Printing activity Haller' merchant activity enabled him to engage, at a later time, in the production of printing elements and finally establishing a printing press in Kraków. His first printing products were almanacs, followed by a breviary for the clergy. Haller acquired a partial monopoly on them, thereby protecting himself from competition. He soon expanded his business to include scientific and scholarly books in astronomy, mathematics, philosophy and law, as well as royal and church statutes. Altogether Haller produced 3,530 prints. His masterpieces are illustrated books containing 354 sheets of woodcuts. He published the first print in Polish, ''Historyja umęczenia Pana naszego Jezusa Chrystusa'' (''The Story o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Jagiellonian University")
