|
History Of Tlaxcala
''History of Tlaxcala'' (Spanish: ''Historia de Tlaxcala'') is an alphabetic text in Spanish with illustrations written by and under the supervision of Diego Muñoz Camargo in the years leading up to 1585. Muñoz Camargo's work is divided into three sections: *''"Relaciones Geográficas"'' or ''"Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala"'', a Spanish text written by Camargo between 1581 and 1584 in response to Philip II of Spain's ''Relaciones Geográfica'' questionnaire. *The "Tlaxcala Calendar", a largely pictorial section, with both Spanish and Nahuatl captions. *The "Tlaxcala Codex" a largely pictorial section, with both Spanish and Nahuatl captions. Another key source for Tlaxcalan history is the '' Lienzo de Tlaxcala'', a colonial-era pictorial codex, produced in the second half of the sixteenth century. It was created at the request of the cabildo of the city of Tlaxcala. According to the information that is known about the document, three copies were produced, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (December 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish explorers and conquistadors who began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Born in Medellín, Spain, to a family of lesser nobility, Cortés chose to pursue adventure and riches in the New World. He went to Hispaniola and later to Cuba, where he received an ''encomienda'' (the right to the labor of certain subjects). For a short time, he served as ''alcalde'' (magistrate) of the second Spanish town founded on the island. In 1519, he was elected captain of the third expedition to the mainland, which he partly funded. His enmity with the governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez de Cué ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabildo (council)
A cabildo () or ayuntamiento () was a Spanish Empire, Spanish colonial and early postcolonial administrative council that governed a municipality. Cabildos were sometimes appointed, sometimes elected, but were considered to be representative of all land-owning heads of medieval household, household (''vecinos''). The colonial cabildo was essentially the same as the one that was developed in Middle Ages, medieval Crown of Castile, Castile. The word ''cabildo'' has the same Latin root (''capitulum'') as the English word wiktionary:chapter, chapter and in fact is also the Spanish word for a cathedral chapter. Historically, the term ''ayuntamiento'' was often preceded by the word ''excelentísimo'' (English language, English: "most excellent") as a style (manner of address), style of office in referring to the council. That phrase is often abbreviated ''Exc.mo Ay.to'' History The Castilian cabildo has some similarities to the ancient Roman ''municipium'' and ''civitas'', especial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aztec
The Aztecs ( ) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the Post-Classic stage, post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl, Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city-states (''altepetl''), some of which joined to form alliances, political confederations, or empires. The Aztec Empire was a confederation of three city-states established in 1427: Tenochtitlan, the capital city of the Mexica or Tenochca, Tetzcoco (altepetl), Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan, previously part of the Tepanec empire, whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco (altepetl), Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, it is also broadly used to refer to Nahuas, Nahua polities or peoples of central Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Tlaxcala
''History of Tlaxcala'' (Spanish: ''Historia de Tlaxcala'') is an alphabetic text in Spanish with illustrations written by and under the supervision of Diego Muñoz Camargo in the years leading up to 1585. Muñoz Camargo's work is divided into three sections: *''"Relaciones Geográficas"'' or ''"Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala"'', a Spanish text written by Camargo between 1581 and 1584 in response to Philip II of Spain's ''Relaciones Geográfica'' questionnaire. *The "Tlaxcala Calendar", a largely pictorial section, with both Spanish and Nahuatl captions. *The "Tlaxcala Codex" a largely pictorial section, with both Spanish and Nahuatl captions. Another key source for Tlaxcalan history is the '' Lienzo de Tlaxcala'', a colonial-era pictorial codex, produced in the second half of the sixteenth century. It was created at the request of the cabildo of the city of Tlaxcala. According to the information that is known about the document, three copies were produced, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of New Mexico Press
The University of New Mexico Press (UNMP) is a university press at the University of New Mexico. It was founded in 1929 and published pamphlets for the university in its early years before expanding into quarterlies and books. Its administrative offices are in the Office of Research (Building 26), on the campus of UNM in Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press specializes in scholarly and trade books on subjects including Southwestern and Western American history and literature, archaeology and anthropology, Latin American and border studies, Native American studies, travel and recreation, and children's books. UNM Press publishes the Dialagos Series in Latin American Studies, the Mary Burritt Christiansen Poetry Series, and the Barbara Guth Worlds of Wonder Science Series for Young Readers. Domestic distribution for the press is currently provided by the University of North Carolina Press's Longleaf Services. The early years On June 1, 1929, the Board of Regents o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Gibson (historian)
Charles Gibson (August 12, 1920 – August 22, 1985) was an American ethnohistorian who wrote foundational works on the Nahua peoples of colonial Mexico and was elected President of the American Historical Association in 1977. He studied history at Yale University with George Kubler, and he taught for a number of years at the University of Iowa before moving to the University of Michigan. His dissertation on the Nahua polity of Tlaxcala (published in 1952 as ''Tlaxcala in the Sixteenth Century''), a key ally of the Spaniards in the conquest of Mexico, was the first major study of conquest and the early colonial era Nahuas from the indigenous perspective. It remains a model for scholars working on Mesoamerican ethnohistory. He also contributed to the creation of important bibliographic guides to works in Mexican history, such as the ''Handbook of Latin American Studies'' and Mesoamerican ethnohistory as well as an index to the journal '' Hispanic American Historical Revie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lienzo De Quauhquechollan
The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan ("Quauhquechollan Cloth") is a 16th-century '' lienzo'' (cloth painting) of the Nahua, a group of indigenous peoples of Mexico. It is one of two surviving Nahua pictorial records recounting the Spanish conquest of GuatemalaRestall and Asselbergs 2007, p.94. and the earliest surviving maps of what is now Guatemala. The Lienzo was probably painted in Ciudad Vieja, in the modern Guatemalan department of Sacatepéquez, by Nahua allies of the Spanish from the city of Quauhquechollan (now known as San Martín Huaquechula). These allies had assisted conquistador Jorge de Alvarado in his campaign of 1527 to 1529. The Quauhquechollan allies settled in the Guatemalan Highlands and the cloth records their participation in the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Guatemala.Asselbergs 2002, p.1. The original document is currently in the Museo Regional de Cholula, in Puebla in central Mexico.Universidad Francisco Marroquín 2009a. The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan was deci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aztec Codices
Aztec codices ( , sing. ''codex'') are Mesoamerican manuscripts made by the pre-Columbian Aztec, and their Nahuatl-speaking descendants during the colonial period in Mexico. Most of their content is pictorial in nature and they come from the multiple Indigenous groups from before and after Spanish contact. Differences in styles indicate regional and temporal differences. The types of information in manuscripts fall into several broad categories: calendar or time, history, genealogy, cartography, economics/tributes, census and cadastral, and property plans. Codex Mendoza and the Florentine Codex are among the important and popular colonial-era codices. The Florentine Codex, for example is known for providing a Nahuatal narrative of the Spanish Conquest from the viewpoint of the Indigenous people, instead of Europeans. History Before the start of the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the Mexica and their neighbors in and around the Valley of Mexico relied on painted b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles I Of Spain
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (as Charles I) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy (as Charles II) from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg. His dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Kingdom of Germany, Germany to Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire), northern Italy with rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and Burgundian Low Countries, and Habsburg Spain, Spain with its possessions of the southern Italy, southern Italian kingdoms of Kingdom of Naples, Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, Sicily and Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720), Sardinia. In the Americas, he oversaw the continuation of Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonization and a short-lived German colonization of the Americas, German colonization. The personal union of the Empire of Charles V, European a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Malinche
Marina () or Malintzin (; 1500 – 1529), more popularly known as La Malinche (), was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who became known for contributing to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521), by acting as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. She was one of 20 enslaved women given to the Spaniards in 1519 by the natives of Tabasco. Cortés chose her as a consort, and she later gave birth to their first son, Martín – one of the first ''Mestizos'' (people of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry) in New Spain. La Malinche's reputation has shifted over the centuries, as various peoples evaluate her role against their own societies' changing social and political perspectives. Especially after the Mexican War of Independence, which led to Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, dramas, novels, and paintings portrayed her as an evil or scheming temptress. In Mexico today, La Malinche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahuatl
Nahuatl ( ; ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by about Nahuas, most of whom live mainly in Central Mexico and have smaller populations Nahuatl language in the United States, in the United States. Nahuatl has been spoken in central Mexico since at least the seventh century CE. It was the language of the Mexica, who dominated what is now central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology, Mesoamerican history. During the centuries preceding the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Aztecs had expanded to incorporate a large part of central Mexico. Their influence caused the variety of Nahuatl spoken by the residents of Tenochtitlan to become a prestige language in Mesoamerica. Following the Spanish conquest, Spanish colonists and missionaries introduced the Latin script, and Nahuatl became a literary language. Many chronicles, gram ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
