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History Of Thailand
The first human settlements in Thailand have been traced to 100,000 years ago in the Paleolithic. Fossils of ''Lampang man'' shows Homo erectus, Homo Erectus people lived in Hat Pudai Village, Lampang province, Lampang circa 500,000 BCE. The oldest stone tools date to circa 600,000-800,000 years ago, at Ban Mae Tha in Lampang province. Mass migration of Tai peoples from China (Guangxi) to Mainland Southeast Asia and Northern Thailand occurred between the 8th-10th century. The Mainland Southeast Asia, Mainland region was ruled by the Khmer Empire since 900 CE. The Thai people, Thai established their own kingdoms: the semi-legendary Singhanavati Kingdom (691 BCE–638 CE) evolved into the Ngoenyang Kingdom (638–1292). In 1220, the Khmer controlled Sukhothai (city), Sukhothai was conquered by the Thai people, Thais and made the capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom. By 1220, the long declining Khmer Empire was mostly overrun by Thais. By the 13th century, the Sukhothai Kingdom (1238 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukhothai Kingdom
The Sukhothai Kingdom was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (Mandala (political model), ''maṇḍala'') in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai Historical Park, Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand. It evolved from a trading hub to a city-state in 1127 and emerged into the kingdom by Si Inthrathit in 1238. Sukhothai existed as an independent polity until 1438 when it fell under the influence of the neighboring Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ayutthaya after the death of Maha Thammaracha IV, Borommapan (Maha Thammaracha IV). Sukhothai was originally a trade center in Lavo Kingdom, Lavo—itself under the suzerainty of the Khmer Empire from 946–1052—when Thai people, Central Thai people led by Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, a local leader, revolted and gained their independence. Bang Klang Hao took the regnal name of Si Inthrathit and became the first monarch of the List of Thai monarchs#Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438), Phra Ruang dynasty. The ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (, ), or locally and simply Ayutthaya is the capital of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province of Thailand. Ayutthaya was the capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Located on an island at the confluence of the Chao Phraya River, Chao Phraya and Pa Sak River, Pa Sak rivers, Ayutthaya is the birthplace of the founder of Bangkok, Rama I, King Rama I. The ruins of the old city are preserved in the Ayutthaya Historical Park. Etymology The name ''Ayutthaya'' is derived from Sanskrit अयोध्य - Ayodhya (Ramayana), Ayodhya and is from the Thai national epic ''Ramakien''; (from Khmer language, Khmer: ''preah'' ព្រះ ) is a prefix for a noun concerning a royal person, and (from Pali: ''nagara'') designates an important or capital city. History Prior to Ayutthaya's traditional founding date, archaeological and written evidence has revealed that Ayutthaya may have existed as early as the late 13th century as a water-borne port town. Further evidence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duarte Fernandes
Duarte Fernandes (16th century) was a Portuguese diplomat, explorer, and was the first European to establish diplomatic relations with Thailand, when in 1511 he led a diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya Kingdom (Kingdom of Siam), after the Portuguese conquest of Malacca. History Duarte Fernandes was a Portuguese tailor. Born in the late 15th century, Fernandes was a New Christian, a classification used to describe people of Moorish or Jewish heritage. In the early 1500s, Fernandes traveled to Malacca as part of the first expedition of Diogo Lopes de Sequeira in September 1509.Asian review, Volume 13 by Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai. Sathāban ʻĒchīasưksā, p.39 When sailors grew anxious that the expedition was delaying a return to Portugal, a number of sailors attempted to force de Sequeira to order the ships home. In the sequence of a failed plot to destroy the expedition, Fernandes was among nineteen Portuguese that stood arrested in Malacca. His amicable nature spared hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand. Etymology Written evidence of the river being referred to by the name ''Chao Phraya'' dates only to the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV, 1850–1868). It is unknown what name, if any at all, was used for the river in older times. The river was likely known simply by the Thai word for 'river', (), and foreign documents and maps, especially by Europeans visiting during the Ayutthaya period, usually named the river the ''Menam''. The name Chao Phraya likely comes from (), an alternative name, documented from around 1660 in the reign of King Narai, of the settlement that is now Samut Prakan. Historian Praphat Chuvichean suggests that the name, which is a Thai noble titles, title of nobility, originated from the story of two Khmer idols being unearthed in 1498 at the settlement that was by the mouth of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayutthaya Kingdom
The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Thai people, Thai kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city), Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand. European travellers in the early 16th century called Ayutthaya one of the three great powers of Asia (alongside Vijayanagara Empire, Vijayanagara and China). The Ayutthaya Kingdom is considered to be the precursor of modern Thailand, and its developments are an important part of the history of Thailand. The name Ayutthaya originates from Ayodhya (Ramayana), Ayodhya, a Sanskrit word. This connection stems from the Ramakien, Thailand's national epic. The Ayutthaya Kingdom emerged from the Mandala (political model), mandala or merger of three maritime city-states on the Lower Chao Phraya Valley in the late 13th and 14th centuries (Lopburi province, Lopburi, Suphan Buri province, Suphanburi, and Ayutthaya). The early kingdom was a maritime confedera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Lopburi
Known as "Lavo" during most of its history, Lopburi Province is one of the most important cities in the history of Thailand. The city has a long history, dating back into the prehistory period since the Bronze Age of more than 3,500 years ago. Later, it was influenced by the art and culture of India in the 11th century when it entered the historical era. This first period under the influence of Indian culture was called the Dvaravati Period. Since that time, Lavo has been ruled by the Khmer, coming under the influence of their art and culture, in the 15th century, a time commonly called the Lopburi Period in Thai art history. Eventually, when the Ayutthaya empire was established, Lavo decreased in importance until the reign of King Narai. He had a palace built in Lavo, and each year spent most of his time there. After the time of King Narai, Lavo had been abandoned, until the 19th centuries, King Mongkut (Rama IV) had it restored to be used as an inland royal city. Later, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suphan Buri Province
Suphan Buri (, ) located in the central region of Thailand, is one of the country's 76 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat), the first-level administrative divisions. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Uthai Thani, Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Nakhon Pathom and Kanchanaburi. As of 2018 the province counted a population of around 848,700, representing about 1.28% of the country's population. Suphan Buri Province has a moderately diverse ethnic population, the majority are of Tai, Mon, Lao, Chinese, and Khmer descent. Toponymy The word ''suphan'' originates from the Sanskrit word ''Suvarna'' (Devanagari: सुवर्ण), meaning 'gold', and the word ''buri'' from Sanskrit ''purī'' (Devanagari: पुरी), meaning 'town' or 'city'. Hence the name of the province literally means 'city of gold'. Geography The terrain of the province is mostly low river plains, with small mountain ranges in the north and the we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suphannabhum
Suphannabhum or Suvarnabhumi; later known as Suphan Buri () was a Siamese city-state, that emerged in the early "Siam proper" which stretched from present-day west central Thailand to the north of the Kra Isthmus, with key historical sites at Mueang Uthong, Uthong, Nakhon Pathom, Suphan Buri, and . The kingdom is referred to as ''Xiān'' in the Chinese records since 1349, but according to the archaeological evidence in Suphan Buri, it was speculated to have emerged around the mid-12th century. However, a calculation made by Borihan Thepthani based on the information provided in the says that the city of Suphan Buri was founded in 877 and became a free city-state after Nakhon Pathom of Kamalanka fell to Phetchaburi in 913. Suphannabhum became the center of ''Xiān'', succeeding Phip Phli, no later than 1349, when ''Xiān'' was defeated by ''Luó hú'' (Lavo Kingdom, Lavo) and the tribute sent to China under the name of ''Xiānluó hú'' (Siam-Lavo or Ayutthaya Kingdom) was led by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thai Script
The Thai script (, , ) is the abugida used to write Thai language, Thai, Southern Thai language, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (, ), 16 vowel symbols (, ) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four Tone (linguistics), tone diacritics ( or , or ), and other diacritics. Although commonly referred to as the ''Thai alphabet'', the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are Writing direction, written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those. History The Thai script is derived from the Sukhothai script, which itself is derived from the Old Khmer script (, ''akson khom''), which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
