History Of Skat
The history of the game of Skat (card game), Skat or Scat began in the early 19th century in Thuringia. The game spread rapidly within German-speaking Europe and also in the US and is now one of the most popular card games in Germany as well as being considered Germany's national card game. History Beginnings The early history of the game of Skat has been well researched, although some theories about its origins cannot be proven or have since been discredited. In particular, the once popular anecdote that Friedrich Ferdinand Hempel, a well known Altenburg lawyer, simply invented Skat himself one evening having become bored with a game of Solo has since been discredited by Oskar Stein (1887), although subsequent research has shown that Hempel (along with his namesake J.F.L. Hempel) had a hand in its development. What is certain is that the game was developed between 1810 and 1813 in the Thuringian town of Altenburg from older card games. The concept of bidding (cards), biddin ...
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Josef Wagner-Höhenberg Die Skatpartie
Josef may refer to *Josef (given name) *Josef (surname) * ''Josef'' (film), a 2011 Croatian war film *Musik Josef Musik Josef is a Japanese manufacturer of musical instruments. It was founded by Yukio Nakamura and is the only company in Japan specializing in producing oboes and Cor anglais, cors anglais. Products Oboe *Josef AS, AS *Josef BS, BS *Josef MGS, ...

Talon (cards)
In card games, a talon (; French for "heel") is a stack of undealt cards that is placed on the table to be used during the game. Depending on the game or region, they may also be referred to as the blind, kitty, skat, stock, tapp or widow (US). Description In 1909, Meyers Lexicon described the talon as ''"the cards left over after dealing..."'' In games of chance, such as Pharo, it is ''"the stock of cards which the banker draws on"''. The talon is usually a pack of cards, placed face down, in the middle of the card table. In other games, there are however very different variations, for example in Königrufen. Talons may be placed face up or face down. Parlett describes a ''kitty'' as "the pool or pot being played for" or "a dead hand or widow". He also equates ''talon'' to ''stock'' as the "cards which are not dealt initially but may be drawn from or dealt out later in the play".Parlett, David. ''The Penguin Book of Card Games''. London: Penguin (2008), p. 642-646. . Exam ...
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Overview Of The Skat Congress
Overview may refer to: * Overview article, an article that summarizes the current state of understanding on a topic * Overview map, generalised view of a geographic area See also * Summary (other) * Outline (list) * ''A Brief Overview'' * Overview and Scrutiny * Overview effect The overview effect is a cognitive shift reported by some astronauts while viewing the Earth from outer space, space. Researchers have characterized the effect as "a state of awe with self-transcendence, self-transcendent qualities, precipitated b ...

German Skat Association
The German Skat Association () or DSkV is the umbrella organisation for German Skat clubs. It was founded on 12 March 1899 in Halle an der Saale and the headquarters of the club is the Skat town of Altenburg. From 1954 to 2001, Bielefeld was the location of the Association's headquarters due to the division of Germany. The offices in Bielefeld were closed in 2005; since then, Altenburg has once again become the only head office location. Organisation Together with the International Skat Players Association (ISPA), the DSkV determines the international rules of Skat. An important organ of the club is the German Skat Court (''Deutsches Skatgericht''), which rules on disputes in tournament games. In addition, it organises open tournaments and the German Skat Championships. The German Skat Association has almost 26,000 members, organised into 13 state associations and 1,666 clubs. The DSkV organises German championships for individuals, teams and pairs. There are also open tour ...
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Gründerzeit
The (; ) was a period of Economic history of Europe (1000 AD–present), European economic history in mid- and late-19th century German Empire, Germany and Austria-Hungary between Industrialization in Germany, industrialization and the great Panic of 1873, stock market crash of 1873. Its name is derived from the many Incorporation (business), incorporations of companies that occurred in the years between the Franco-Prussian War and the panic of 1873. The term also refers to a cultural and architectural era which began in the mid-19th century and lasted until 1914. ''Gründerzeit'' architecture is closely associated with Historicism (art), historicism, and occupies a prominent place in many Central European cities due to 19th-century urbanization. Periodization Social and Economic History The years constituting the economic ''Gründerzeit'' are not universally agreed-upon. In the most narrow sense, the term refers to the two years following the founding of the German Empi ...
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German Empire
The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich; . from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the German revolution of 1918–1919, November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a Weimar Republic, republic. The German Empire consisted of States of the German Empire, 25 states, each with its own nobility: four constituent Monarchy, kingdoms, six Grand duchy, grand duchies, five Duchy, duchies (six before 1876), seven Principality, principalities, three Free imperial city, free Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City-state, cities, and Alsace–Lorraine, one imperial territory. While Prussia was one of four kingdoms in the realm, it contained about two-thirds ...
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British Skat Association
The British Skat Association (BSA) was founded in 2001 to "promote the playing of Skat in Britain."''SKAT: Germany's national card game''
at parlettgames.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2021.''The British Skat Association''
at weddslist.com. Retrieved 30 March 2021. Skat is Germany's national , but is played internationally under the auspices of the

German Skat Federation
The German Skat Association () or DSkV is the umbrella organisation for German Skat clubs. It was founded on 12 March 1899 in Halle an der Saale and the headquarters of the club is the Skat town of Altenburg. From 1954 to 2001, Bielefeld was the location of the Association's headquarters due to the division of Germany. The offices in Bielefeld were closed in 2005; since then, Altenburg has once again become the only head office location. Organisation Together with the International Skat Players Association (ISPA), the DSkV determines the international rules of Skat. An important organ of the club is the German Skat Court (''Deutsches Skatgericht''), which rules on disputes in tournament games. In addition, it organises open tournaments and the German Skat Championships. The German Skat Association has almost 26,000 members, organised into 13 state associations and 1,666 clubs. The DSkV organises German championships for individuals, teams and pairs. There are also open t ...
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International Skat Players Association
The International Skat Players Association (ISPA) is the worldwide umbrella organisation for all competition players of the card game Skat (card game), Skat. The ISPA was founded in 1976 by Peter Brand and Martha Prickartz in Aachen, Germany. It initially crossed swords with the world's largest national Skat association, the German Skat Association (''Deutscher Skatverband'', DSkV), and promulgated different rules for the game. Towards the end of the 1990s, talks between the top officials of each organisation led to rapprochement and agreement between the two large associations. The ban on double membership was lifted and a uniform International Skat Order (''Internationale Skatordnung '', ISkO) was adopted, which has been valid worldwide ever since. The ISPA delegates two regular commissioners to the International Skat Court (''Internationale Skatgericht''). ''ISPA World'' is divided into national Division (organisation), branches with regional groups and further subdivisions do ...
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Treatise
A treatise is a Formality, formal and systematic written discourse on some subject concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions."mwod:treatise, Treatise." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Accessed September 12, 2020. A ''monograph'' is a treatise on a specialized topic. Etymology The word "treatise" has its origins in the early 14th century, derived from the Anglo-French term ''tretiz'', which itself comes from the Old French ''traitis'', meaning "treatise" or "account." This Old French term is rooted in the verb ''traitier'', which means "to deal with" or "to set forth in speech or writing". The etymological lineage can be traced further back to the Latin word ''tractatus'', which is a form of the verb ''tractare'', meaning "to handle," "to manage," or "to deal with". The Latin roots suggest a connotation of engaging with or discussing a subject in depth, which aligns with the modern understanding of a treatise as a formal ...
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Unter (playing Card)
The Unter, formerly Untermann, nicknamed the Wenzel, Wenz or Bauer, and (in Swiss) also called the Under, is the face card, court card in German playing cards, German and Swiss playing cards, Swiss-suited playing cards that corresponds to the Jack (playing card), Jack in French playing cards, French packs. The name ''Unter'' (lit.: "under") is an abbreviation of the former name for these cards, ''Untermann'', which meant something like 'subordinate' or 'vassal'. Van der Linde argues that the King, Ober and Unter in a pack of German cards represented the military ranks of general, officer (''Oberofficier'') and sergeant (''Unterofficier''), while the pip cards represented the common soldier. The Unter is distinguished from the ''Ober (playing card), Ober'' (lit. "over", formerly ''Obermann'') by the fact that the suit sign is located in the lower part of the image on single-headed cards or in the centre of the image on double-headed cards. Unters or ''Untermänner'' were described ...
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