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Hesperocyon
''Hesperocyon'' is an extinct genus of canids (subfamily Hesperocyoninae, family Canidae) that was endemic to North America, ranging from southern Canada to Colorado. It appeared during the Uintan age, – Bridgerian age (NALMA) of the Mid-Eocene– 42.5 Ma to 31.0 Ma. ( AEO). ''Hesperocyon'' existed for approximately . Taxonomy ''Hesperocyon'' was assigned to Borophagini by Wang et al. in 1999 and was the earliest of the canids to evolve after the Caniformia-Feliformia split some 42 million years ago. Fossil evidence dates ''Hesperocyon gregarius'' to at least 37 mya, but the oldest ''Hesperocyon'' has been dated at 39.74 mya from the Duchesnean North American land mammal age. The Canidae subfamily Hesperocyoninae probably arose out of ''Hesperocyon'' to become the first of the three great dogs groups: Hesperocyoninae (~40–30 Ma), Borophaginae (~36–2 Ma), and the Caninae lineage that led to the present-day canids (including grey wolves, foxes, coyotes, jackals and dogs). A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canidae
Canidae (; from Latin, ''canis'', "dog") is a family (biology), biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). There are three subfamily, subfamilies found within the canid family, which are the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae, and the extant Caninae. The Caninae are known as canines, and include Dog, domestic dogs, Wolf, wolves, Coyote, coyotes, foxes, jackals and other extant and extinct species. Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied Human, human beings over extended periods of time. Canids vary in size from the gray wolf to the fennec fox. The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails. They are mostly social animals, living together in family units or small groups and behaving cooperativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperocyoninae
The extinct Hesperocyoninae are one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Borophaginae and extant Caninae. Taxonomic history Hesperocyoninae are basal canids that gave rise to the other two canid subfamilies, the Borophaginae and Caninae. This subfamily was endemic to North America, living from the Duchesnean stage of the Late Eocene through to the early Barstovian stage of the Miocene, lasting around 20 million years. It comprises 10 recognized genera and 26 recognized species. Four major lineages can be defined based on shared characteristics: *'' Mesocyon''-'' Enhydrocyon'' clade (includes '' Cynodesmus, Sunkahetanka, Philotrox'') *'' Osbornodon'' clade *''Paraenhydrocyon'' *''Ectopocynus clade'' The genus '' Caedocyon'', which is only known from a single partial cranium that shows some ''Paraenhydrocyon'' affinities, probably represents another independent lineage. '' Hesperocyon'', which lacks the sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caninae
The Caninae, known as canines, are one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. The Caninae includes all living canids and their most recent fossil relatives. Their fossils were first found in North America and dated to the Oligocene era, then spreading to Asia at the end of the Miocene era, some 7 million to 8 million years ago. Taxonomy and lineage The genus '' Leptocyon'' (Greek: ''leptos'' slender + ''cyon'' dog) includes 11 species and was the first primitive canine. They were small and weighed around 2 kg. They first appeared in Sioux County, Nebraska in the Orellan era 34-32 million years ago, which was the beginning of the Oligocene. This was the same time as the appearance of the Borophaginae with whom they share features, indicating that these were two sister groups. Borophaginae skull and dentition were designed for a powerful killing bite compare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enhydrocyon
''Enhydrocyon'' is an extinct genus of bone crushing canid which inhabited North America during the Oligocene and Early Miocene, 30.8—20.4 Ma, existing for approximately . ''Enhydrocyon'' dentition suggests this animal was a hypercarnivore or mesocarnivore. Species of ''Enhydrocyon'' were relatively large, powerfully built carnivores with a short snout and deep jaws reminiscent of a jaguar.David Macdonald. The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores. BBC Books: London; 1992. p83. These features give the skull a shape resembling that of the extant sea otter The sea otter (''Enhydra lutris'') is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between , making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the sma ... (''Enhydra''), prompting the scientific name. With an estimated weight of about , this was the earliest genus of canid adapted to be specialized predators. Species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesocyon
''Mesocyon'' ("middle dog") is an extinct genus of the Hesperocyoninae subfamily of early canids native to North America. It lived from the Oligocene to Early Miocene, 30.3—20.3 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils are known from Oregon, southern California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ... and the northern Great Plains. It was roughly coyote-sized, and the first known canid to have a primarily meat-based diet. References Hesperocyonines Oligocene canids Aquitanian genus extinctions Miocene carnivorans White River Fauna Prehistoric carnivoran genera Rupelian genus first appearances {{canid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osbornodon
''Osbornodon'' (" Osborn's tooth") is an extinct genus of canid that were endemic to North America and which lived from the Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ... to the Early Miocene, 33.9—15.97 Ma ( AEO), existing for approximately . It was the last surviving genus of the hesperocyonine subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids. Species Seven known species of ''Osbornodon'' existed: *''Osbornodon bra ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectopocynus
''Ectopocynus'' ("strange dog") is an extinct genus of bone crushing canid which inhabited North America from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene. It lived from 33.3 to 16.0 Ma and existed for approximately . Remains of ''Ectopocynus'' are limited to mandibles and teeth only. These reveal that the animal had simple, robust, and blunt yet massive premolars and reduced or lost cusps on the lower molars. In this respect, ''Ectopocynus'' had many of the characteristics of ''Enhydrocyon''. This dentition suggests this animal was a hypercarnivore or mesocarnivore A mesocarnivore is an animal whose diet consists of 50–70% meat with the balance consisting of non-vertebrate foods which may include insects, fungi, fruits, other plant material and any food that is available to them. Mesocarnivores are from a .... References *Wang, X. 1994Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, Canidae) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 221:1-207. Hesperocyo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraenhydrocyon
''Paraenhydrocyon'' ("beside ''Enhydrocyon''") is an extinct genus of bone crushing omnivorous early canid which inhabited North America during the Early Miocene, 24.8—20.4 Ma, existing for approximately . The dentition suggests that this animal was a hypercarnivore or mesocarnivore.R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II In addition to its retention of several primitive cranial characters, this includes unique sharp-tipped, slender premolars that clearly contrast with the strong premolars of the ''Mesocyon''–''Enhydrocyon ''Enhydrocyon'' is an extinct genus of bone crushing canid which inhabited North America during the Oligocene and Early Miocene, 30.8—20.4 Ma, existing for approximately . ''Enhydrocyon'' dentition suggests this animal was a hypercarnivore ...'' group, but also parallels that clade by having a reduced metaconid cusp on the lower molars. References Hesperocyonines Oli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulpes
'' Vulpes '' is a genus of the sub-family Caninae. The members of this genus are colloquially referred to as true foxes, meaning they form a proper clade. The word "fox" occurs in the common names of all species of the genus, but also appears in the common names of other canid species. True foxes are distinguished from members of the genus '' Canis'', such as domesticated dogs, wolves, jackals and coyotes, by their smaller size (5–11 kg), longer, bushier tail, and flatter skull. They have black, triangular markings between their eyes and nose, and the tip of their tail is often a different color from the rest of their pelt. The typical lifespan for this genus is between two and four years, but can reach up to a decade. Extant species Within ''Vulpes'', 12 separate extant species and four fossil species are described: Early history The oldest known fossil species within ''Vulpes'' is ''V. riffautae'', dating back to the late Miocene of Chad, which is within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coyote
The coyote (''Canis latrans'') is a species of canine native to North America. It is smaller than its close relative, the wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia. The coyote is larger and more predatory and was once referred to as the American jackal by a behavioral ecologist. Other historical names for the species include the prairie wolf and the brush wolf. The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America. The species is versatile, able to adapt to and expand into environments modified by humans. It is enlarging its range by moving into urban areas in the eastern U.S. and Canada. The coyote was sighted in eastern Panama (across the Panama Canal from their home range) for the first time in 2013. The coyote has 19 recognized subspecies. The avera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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