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Hawlu Al-Abid
Hawlu Pasha al-Abid (; or ; 1824–1895) was a prominent Syrian administrator during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz. He was descended from the Syrian Mawālī Bedouins. Quoting Johann Büssow, "He had a distinguished military and administrative career in the service of the Ottoman state and managed to establish himself and some of his sons among the leading notables of Damascus. Between 1863 and 1865 was ''kaymakam'' of Nablus, and in 1869 he was the military commander of an expedition to Transjordan. ..After his service in Nablus, he was promoted to the rank of '' Mirmiran'', and after successfully completing his mission in 1869, Holo Paşa, together with Kamil Paşa, the governor of Jerusalem, received medals from the Austrian emperor and the Shah of Iran." He was also named qa'im maqam of the Biqa' (when Richard Francis Burton was consul at Damascus), then mutasarrif of several districts of the Damascene, before becoming president of the administrative council of Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Francis Burton
Captain (British Army and Royal Marines), Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton, Order of St Michael and St George, KCMG, Royal Geographical Society#Fellowship, FRGS, (19 March 1821 – 20 October 1890) was a British explorer, army officer, orientalist writer and scholar. He was famed for his travels and explorations in Asia, Africa and South America, as well as his extensive knowledge of languages and cultures, speaking up to 29 different languages. Born in Torquay, Devon, Burton joined the Bombay Army as an officer in 1842, beginning an eighteen-year military career which included a brief stint in the Crimean War. He was subsequently engaged by the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) to explore the East African coast, where Burton along with John Hanning Speke led an expedition to discover the source of the Nile and became the first European known to have seen Lake Tanganyika. He later served as the British consul (representative), consul in Bioko, Fernando Pó, Santos, São Paulo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab People From The Ottoman Empire
Arabs (, , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years. In the 9th century BCE, the Assyrians made written references to Arabs as inhabitants of the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia. Throughout the Ancient Near East, Arabs established influential civilizations starting from 3000 BCE onwards, such as Dilmun, Gerrha, and Magan (civilization), Magan, playing a vital role in trade between Mesopotamia, and the History of the Mediterranean region, Mediterranean. Other prominent tribes include Midian, ʿĀd, and Thamud mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Bible and Quran. Later, in 900 BCE, the Qedarites enjoyed close relations with the nearby Canaan#Canaanites, Canaanite and Aramaeans, Aramaean states, and their territory extended from Lower Egypt to the Southern Levant. From 1200 BCE to 110 BCE, powerful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political People From The Ottoman Empire
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with decision-making, making decisions in social group, groups, or other forms of power (social and political), power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of Social status, status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 Deaths
Events January * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason. * January 6 – The Wilcox rebellion, an attempt led by Robert Wilcox to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, begins with royalist troops landing at Waikiki Beach in O'ahu and clashing with republican defenders. The rebellion ends after three days and the remaining 190 royalists are taken prisoners of war. * January 12 – Britain's National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. * January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians. * January 15 – A warehouse fire and dynamite explosion kills 57 people, including 13 firefighters in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1824 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – John Stuart Mill begins publication of The Westminster Review. The first article is by William Johnson Fox * January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society in London, with only one vote against him. * January 21 – First Anglo-Ashanti War: Battle of Nsamankow – forces of the Ashanti Empire crush British forces in the Gold Coast (British colony), Gold Coast (modern-day History of Ghana, Ghana), killing the British governor Charles MacCarthy (British Army officer), Sir Charles MacCarthy. * January 24 – The first issue of ''The Westminster Review'', the radical quarterly founded by Jeremy Bentham, is published in London. * February 10 – Simón Bolívar is proclaimed dictator of Peru. * February 20 — William Buckland formally announces the name ''Megalosaurus'', the first scientifically validly named non-avian dinosaur species. * February 21 – The Chumash Revolt of 1824 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandatory Syrian Republic
The First Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic, was formed in 1930 as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. A treaty of independence was made in 1936 to grant independence to Syria and end official French rule, but the French parliament refused to accept the treaty. From 1940 to 1941, the Syrian Republic was under the control of Vichy France, and after the Allied invasion in 1941 gradually went on the path towards independence. The proclamation of independence took place in 1944, but only in October 1945 was the Syrian Republic ''de jure'' recognized by the United Nations; it became a ''de facto'' sovereign state on 17 April 1946, with the withdrawal of French troops. It was succeeded by the Second Syrian Republic upon the adoption of a new constitution on 5 September 1950. Background On 23 December 1925, Henri de Jouvenel was appointed as French High Commissioner for Syria, and on 28 April 1926, the High Commissione ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ali Bay Al-Abid
Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abid (, ; 1867 – 22 October 1939; or, as he spelled his own name in French, Mehmed Ali Abed) was a Syrian politician and statesman. He was appointed the president of the mandatory Syrian Republic (from 11 June 1932 until 21 December 1936) as a nominee of the nationalist Syrian parliament in Damascus after the country received partial recognition of sovereignty from France. France agreed to recognize Syria as a nation under intense nationalist pressure but did not withdraw its troops completely until 1946. Life Background and education Muhammad Ali al-Abid was born in Damascus, then in the Ottoman Empire. His father, Ahmad Izzat al-Abid, the son of Hawlu al-Abid, had initially been brought up in Damascus before pursuing his education in Beirut, Beirut Vilayet. Ahmad Izzat al-Abid, who was fluent in Arabic, French, and Turkish, started working in the administration of Damascus Vilayet and was authorized to found a periodical. Muhammad Ali was educated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdulhamid II
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, period of decline with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and presided over Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Anglo-Egyptian War, Egypt, Cyprus Convention, Cyprus, Congress of Berlin, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, French conquest of Tunisia, Tunisia, and Convention of Constantinople (1881), Thessaly from Ottoman control (1877–1882), followed by a successful Greco-Turkish War (1897), war against Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. Elevated to power in the wake of Young Ottomans, Young Ottoman 1876 Ottoman coup d'état, coups, he promulgated the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Izzat Pasha Al-Abid
Ahmad Izzat Pasha bin Hawlu Pasha al-Abid (; or ; 1851–1924), nicknamed Izzat Pasha the Arab (), was a Syrian entrepreneur who became Second Secretary and confidant of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II. He is considered to have been "one of the most powerful" statesmen during the last decade of Abdulhamid's rule. Life Ahmad Izzat al-Abid was born in Damascus. His father was Hawlu Pasha al-Abid. Ahmad Izzat was educated in Beirut. He spoke Arabic, French and Turkish. He moved to Istanbul where he served the Ottoman sultan, Abdulhamid II as an adviser. He left the Ottoman Empire following the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and moved to London for some time before living in France and Switzerland. He then left for Egypt, where he died in 1924. Abid accumulated great wealth during his life. He was also a businessman and owned numerous enterprises or buildings including the largest tourist hotel in Syria at the time, the Victoria Hotel in Damascus. He was the father of Muhammad A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutasarrif
Mutasarrif, mutesarrif, mutasarriff, or mutesarriff () was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district in place of the usual sanjakbey. The Ottoman rank of mutasarrif was established as part of a 1864 reform, and its holder was appointed directly by the Sultan. The administrative district under his authority, the mutasarrifate (), was officially called a () in Turkish or () in Arabic and Persian.Meyers (1905–1909)Liwâ A mutasarrif was subordinate to a wali or governor-general of a province, while being of superior rank to a kaymakam.Meyers (1905–1909)Kaimakam Etymology Ottoman Turkish mutasarrıf is derived from the Arabic mutaṣarrif, meaning provincial governor.lexico.commutasarrif Accessed 11 Feb 2022. Mutaṣarrif is the active participle of taṣarrafa, meaning "to act without restriction", "have the right of disposing (over somebody or something)". History This administrative unit was som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
