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Hantavirus Vaccine
Hantavirus vaccine is a vaccine that protects in humans against hantavirus infections causing hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The vaccine is considered important as acute hantavirus infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that about 1.5 million cases and 46,000 deaths occurred in China from 1950 to 2007. The number of cases is estimated at 32,000 in Finland from 2005 to 2010 and 90,000 in Russia from 1996 to 2006. The first hantavirus vaccine was developed in 1990 initially for use against Hantaan River virus which causes one of the most severe forms of HFRS. It is estimated that about two million doses of rodent brain or cell-culture derived vaccine are given in China every year. The wide use of this vaccine may be partly responsible for a significant decrease in the number of HFRS cases in China to less than 20,000 by 2007. Other hantaviruses for which the vaccine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses. It is also known as Korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. It is found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The species that cause HFRS include '' Hantaan orthohantavirus'', '' Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus'', Saaremaa virus, ''Seoul orthohantavirus'', ''Puumala orthohantavirus'' and other orthohantaviruses. Of these species, Hantaan River virus and Dobrava-Belgrade virus cause the most severe form of the syndrome and have the highest morbidity rates. When caused by the Puumala virus, it is also called nephropathia epidemica. This infection is known as ''sorkfeber'' in Swedish, ''myyräkuume'' (vole fever) in Finnish, and ''musepest'' (mouse plague) in Norwegian. Both HFRS and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) are caused by hantaviruses, specifically when humans inhale aerosolized excrements of infected rodents. Both diseases appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. These include Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), Monongahela virus (MGLV), '' Sin Nombre orthohantavirus'' (SNV), and certain other members of hantavirus genera that are native to the United States and Canada. Specific rodents are the principal hosts of the hantaviruses including the hispid cotton rat (''Sigmodon hispidus'') in southern Florida, which is the principal host of Black Creek Canal virus. The deer mouse (''Peromyscus maniculatus'') in Canada and the Western United States is the principal host of Sin Nombre virus. The white-footed mouse (''Peromyscus leucopus'') in the eastern United States is the principal host of New York virus. In South America, the long-tailed mouse (''Oligoryzomys longicaudatus'') and other species of the genus ''Oligoryzomys'' have been documented as the reservoir for Andes virus. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hantaan River Virus
''Hantaan orthohantavirus'' (HTNV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus species of Old World ''Orthohantavirus''. It is the causative agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever in humans. It is named for the Hantan River in South Korea, and in turn lends the name to its genus ''Orthohantavirus'' and family ''Hantaviridae''. Natural reservoir ''Apodemus agrarius'', also known as striped field mouse, is the etiological vector of ''Hantaan orthohantavirus''. Transmission Transmission is believed to be through inhalation of aerosolized rodent urine and feces. Morbidity and mortality In hantavirus induced hemorrhagic fever, incubation time is between two and four weeks in humans before symptoms of infection present. Severity of symptoms depends on the viral load. Like Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Hantaan virus has a mortality rate of 10 to 12%. History During the Korean War (1951–1953), more than 3000 American and Korean troops fell ill with kidney failure, ble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phases Of Clinical Research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays. Summary Clinical trials testing potential medical products are commonly classified into four phases. The drug development process will normally proceed through all four phases over many years. If the drug successfully passes through Phases I, II, and III, it will usually be approved by the national regulatory authority for use in the general population. Phase IV trials are 'post-marketing' or 'surveillance' studies conducted to monitor safety over sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Vaccine Topics
This is a list of vaccine-related topics. A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. Human vaccines Viral diseases Bacterial diseases Vaccines under research Viral diseases * Adenovirus vaccine * COVID-19 vaccine ( Part of today's pandemic since 2019) * Coxsackie B virus vaccine * Cytomegalovirus vaccine * Chikungunya vaccine * Eastern Equine encephalitis virus vaccine for humans * Enterovirus 71 vaccine * Epstein–Barr vaccine * H5N1 vaccine * Hepatitis C vaccine * HIV vaccine * HTLV-1 T-lymphotropic leukemia vaccine for humans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seoul Virus
''Seoul orthohantavirus'' (SEOV) is a member of the '' Orthohantavirus'' family of rodent-borne viruses and is one of the 4 hantaviruses that are known to be able to cause Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).US Centers for Disease Control''Virology, Hantaviruses''Page last reviewed: August 29, 2012. It is an Old World hantavirus; a negative sense, single-stranded, tri-segmented RNA virus. Seoul virus is found in ''Rattus'' species rats, most commonly '' Rattus norvegicus,'' but occasionally '' Rattus rattus''. The two distinct hantaviruses have been identified in Korea in 1976, from ''Apodemus agrarius'', and in 1980, from ''Rattus norvegicus''. In 1994, a genetically different hantavirus was identified from ''Apodemus peninsulae''. Rats do not show physiological symptoms when carrying the virus, but humans can be infected through exposure to infected rodent body fluids (blood, saliva, urine), exposure to aerosolized rat excrement, or bites from infected rats. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gou Virus
Gou virus (GOUV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped novel RNA orthohantavirus. It is one of the known hantaviruses responsible for hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. Natural reservoir Gou virus was first isolated from black rats (R. rattus) captured in Zhejiang Province in 2000. Genetically variant strains of GOUV have been found in black rats in Longquan, China. In addition, hantavirus strains isolated from R. flavipectus and R. norvegicus in Longquan are most closely related to GOUV. Transmission Like all hantaviruses, transmission to humans is primarily through aerosolized rodent excreta and hand-to-mouth contamination from fomites. No human-to-human transmission has been documented. Longquan City, Zhejiang province, China, has a persistently high rate of human infection with GOUV. There is speculation that a variant strain of GOUV is transmissible from human-to-human. However, this has not yet been confirmed with epidemiological trace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccine-naive
Vaccine-naive is a lack of immunity, or immunologic memory, to a disease because the person has not been vaccinated. There are a variety of reasons why a person may not have received a vaccination, including contraindications due to preexisting medical conditions, lack of resources, previous vaccination failure, religious beliefs, personal beliefs, fear of side-effects, phobias to needles, lack of information, vaccine shortages, physician knowledge and beliefs, social pressure, and natural resistance. Effect on herd immunity Communicable diseases, such as measles and influenza, are more readily spread in vaccine-naive populations, causing frequent outbreaks. Vaccine-naive persons threaten what epidemiologists call herd immunity. This is because vaccinations provide not just protection to those who receive them, but also provide indirect protection to those who remain susceptible because of the reduced prevalence of infectious diseases. Fewer individuals available to transmit the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be prophylactic (to pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
