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Hanseatic Republics–United States Relations
Relations between the Free Cities of Bremen (state), Bremen, Free City of Lübeck, Lübeck, and Hamburg and the United States date back to 1790s when Hamburg became the first of the republics to recognized the U.S. on June 17, 1790. Bremen followed suit on March 28, 1794. Diplomatic relations were formally established in October 1853 when the U.S. received Rudolph Schleiden as Minister Resident of the Hanseatic Legation in Washington, D.C. Relations ended in 1868 as the republics joined North German Confederation. History The first known act of recognition between the United States and Hamburg came in 1790 when the Free City of Hamburg accepted the credentials of U.S. Vice Consul John Parish (diplomat), John Parish, who was appointed to that position on June 17, 1790. Additionally, on February 19, 1793, the U.S. Congress resolved that John Parish was to be accredited as U.S. Consul in Hamburg. The first known act of recognition between the United States and Bremen was in 1794 whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bremen (state)
Bremen (), officially the Free Hanseatic League#Lists of former Hansa cities, Hanseatic City of Bremen (; ), is the smallest and least populous of States of Germany, Germany's 16 states. It is informally called ('State of Bremen'), although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen and its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany. Geography The state of Bremen consists of two non-contiguous territories. These enclaves contain Bremen, officially the 'City' (''Stadtgemeinde Bremen'') which is the state capital, and the city of Bremerhaven (''Stadt Bremerhaven''). Both are located on the River Weser; Bremerhaven ("Bremen's harbour") is further downstream on the mouth of the Weser with open access to the North Sea. Both enclaves are completely surrounded by the neighbouring State of Lower Saxony (''Niedersachsen''). The highest point in the state is in Friedehorst Park (). Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Baden–United States Relations
The Grand Duchy of Baden and the United States began relations in 1832 going through expansion in 1868 when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History On July 13, 1832, relations formally began when the U.S. opened a consulate in Baden-Baden. Several U.S. consulates were in Freiburg, which opened on March 5, 1891, and closed on May 11, 1908; Kehl, which opened on April 30, 1872, and closed on February 5, 1915; Karlsruhe, which opened on March 3, 1855, and closed on February 18, 1872; and Mannheim on October 26, 1843, and closed on July 8, 1916. The Duchy opened a consulate in New York City on December 20, 1833, with C.F. Hoyer as Consul. An Extradition Convention was signed on January 30, 1857, by U.S. Minister to the Kingdom of Prussia Peter Dumont Vroom and Baron Marschall de Bieberstein, the Grand Duke of Baden’s Minister at the Court of the King of Prussia. At the time, George B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Württemberg–United States Relations
The Kingdom of Württemberg and the United States began relations in 1825 when both countries mutually recognized each other. Relations continued when Württemberg joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History The first known act of mutual recognition between the United States and the Kingdom of Württemberg occurred on November 21, 1825, when U.S. Secretary of State Henry Clay granted an exequatur to Christian Mayer Esq. to serve as Consul General for the Kingdom of Württemberg at Baltimore. The first U.S. consulate opened in Württemberg on October 13, 1842, and closed on March 3, 1843. The U.S. later opened a consulate in Stuttgart on March 3, 1847, which closed in September 1985. On April 10, 1844, the Convention Abolishing Droit D’Aubaine and Taxes on Emigration was signed by U.S. Minister to Prussia Henry Wheaton and Württemberg’s Chargé d’Affaires to Prussia Baron de Maucler. Droit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Schaumburg-Lippe–United States Relations
The Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1845, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Relations continued when the Principality joined the North German Confederation in 1867 then joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History On June 7, 1854, Schaumburg-Lippe signed the Declaration of Accession to the Convention for the Extradition of Criminals, Fugitive from Justice, of June 16, 1852 between the United States and Prussia and Other States of the Germanic Confederation in Buckeburg. This agreement provided for the reciprocal extradition of fugitive criminals in special cases between Schaumburg-Lippe and the United States. In 1867, the Principality joined the North German Confederation and continued relations under the Confederation as a result of the Austro-Prussian War. Relations further continued when it joined with the German Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia–United States Relations
The Kingdom of Prussia and the United States began diplomatic relations in 1785 following the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, but formal relations were not established until 1797. Prussia was largely neutral following the onset of the American Civil War in 1861. Likewise, the U.S. acknowledged but was largely uninterested in the 1871 Franco-Prussian War and resulting declaration of the German Empire. Relations would come to an end during World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany in response to the German Empire’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare and U.S. support of the Allied Powers. History After the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, The Kingdom of Prussia became therefore one of the first nations to officially recognize the young American Republic after the Revolution. The Treaty was signed to promote free trade and commerce and became a benchmark for subsequent free trade agreements and treaties. In addition, the treaty demanded the u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Oldenburg–United States Relations
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and the United States began mutual recognition in 1829 but never established formal relations. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History Recognition began on December 2, 1829, when U.S. Secretary of State Martin Van Buren issued an exequatur to Frederick A. Mensch Esq. as Consul for Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg at New York. On March 10, 1847, the United States and the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg signed the Declaration of Accession to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Hanover, to regulate trade, commerce, and navigation between the U.S. and Oldenburg. The declaration was signed by U.S. Special Agent Ambrose Dudley Mann and Oldenburg’s head of Foreign Affairs, W.E. de Beaulieu Marconnay. On December 30, 1853, the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg signed the Declaration of Accession to the Convention for the Extradition of Crimi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North German Confederation–United States Relations
After the Austro-Prussian War the North German Confederation was established in 1866 with the United States recognizing the Confederation in 1867. Formal diplomatic relations were never established. Four years later the Confederation later merged with the German Empire where relations continued. History Following the establishment of the North German Confederation on July 1, 1867, on November 20, 1867, the U.S. Minister to Prussia, George Bancroft, informed Secretary of State William H. Seward that he had attended the opening of the North German Parliament. He requested, however, that the Secretary formally notify him of the intentions of the U.S. Government concerning the question of the recognition of the North German Confederation. On December 9, 1867, Secretary Seward approved of Bancroft's decision to attend the opening of the North German Parliament since he was the officially accredited U.S. Minister to the Prussian King Wilhelm I, who was also the hereditary President of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Nassau–United States Relations
The Duchy of Nassau and the United States' mutual recognition occurred in 1846 when the two states signed a convention to abolish emigration taxes. During the Austro-Prussian War, the Duchy of Nassau fought on the side of Austria. On the losing side, the Duchy of Nassau was annexed to Prussia on October 3, 1866, ceased to be an independent sovereign state ending relations. History On May 27, 1846, the signing of a Convention for the Mutual Abolition of the Droit d’Aubaine and Taxes on Emigration began mutual recognition between both countries. This convention was concluded in Berlin between U.S. Minister to Prussia Henry Wheaton and Nassau’s Minister to Prussia Col. and Chamberlain Otto Wilhelm Carl von Roeder. The first U.S. Consul appointed to the Duchy of Nassau was John B. Muller Melchiors on November 1, 1853. In 1866 relations ended after the Prussian-Austrian war which resulted in Austria's defeat and Nassau was annexed by Prussia on October 3 ending the existence of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Mecklenburg-Strelitz–United States Relations
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1853, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History Mutual recognition between both countries occurred on December 2, 1853, when the Government of Mecklenburg-Strelitz signed the Declaration of Accession to the Convention for the Extradition of Criminals, Fugitive from Justice, of June 16, 1852, Between the United States and Prussia and Other States of the Germanic Confederation to provide for the "reciprocal extradition of fugitive criminals, in special cases." U.S. archival materials suggest that the date of mutual recognition may have been as early as May 13, 1834, when U.S. Secretary of State Louis McLane granted an exequatur to Leon Herckenrath as Consul of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg at Charleston, South Car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Mecklenburg-Schwerin–United States Relations
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1816, but formal relations were never established. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History The first known act of mutual recognition between the United States and Mecklenburg-Schwerin was in 1816 when John M. Forbes established the first U.S. Consul in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Forbes was appointed to the post on January 22, 1816. On December 9, 1847, the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signed the Declaration of Accession to the Stipulations and Provisions of the Treaty with Hanover on June 10, 1846. The agreement was signed in Schwerin by the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Minister, L. de Liitzow, and U.S. Special Agent Ambrose Dudley Mann. On November 26, 1853, the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signed the Declaration of Accession to the Conventi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Hesse–United States Relations
The Grand Duchy of Hesse and the United States began relations in 1829 with mutual recognition going through expansion in 1868 when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History Mutual recognition between the Grand Duchy and the United States occurred when the first U.S. Consul to Hesse (Hesse-Darndstadt), Frederick Kahl, presented his credentials in 1829. Kahl was appointed on May 14, 1829. A U.S. Consulate opened in Hesse on May 14, 1829. It closed on August 29, 1872. Another U.S. Consulate in Hessen-Romberg opened on January 23, 1854, but closed on August 15, 1861. On March 26, 1844, the U.S. and the Grand Duchy signed the Convention for the Mutual Abolition of the Droit d’Aubaine and Taxes on Emigration. This convention was signed in Berlin by U.S. Minister to Prussia Henry Wheaton and the Grand Duke of Hesse’s Minister to Prussia Baron Schaeffer Bernstein and served to remove " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire–United States Relations
The German Empire and the United States established relations in 1848. Relations would eventually be terminated a year later in 1849 when the Empire was dissolved and the German Confederation was re-established. History The German Empire was created by the Frankfurt Parliament in the spring of 1848, following the March Revolution. The Empire struggled to be recognized by both German and foreign states. The German states, represented by the Federal Convention of the German Confederation, on 12 July 1848, acknowledged the Central German Government. In the following months, however, the larger German states did not always accept the decrees and laws of the Central German Government and the Frankfurt Parliament. Several foreign states recognized the Central Government and sent ambassadors, among them the U.S.Ernst Rudolf Huber: ''Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789.'' Band II: Der Kampf um Einheit und Freiheit 1830 bis 1850. 3rd edition, Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart t al.1988, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
