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Hajar An-Nasar
Hajar al-Nasr () is an ancient fortress located in northern Morocco. It was constructed in the 10th century by the Idrisid dynasty. The archaeological site is situated on a rocky crest overlooking the headwaters of a tributary of the Loukkos River around 40 km almost due east of the modern city of Larache. The fortress was probably built by Muhammad ibn Idris or one of his sons during the 9th century, and was finally destroyed in 996 by the Maghrawa chief Ziri ibn Atiyya. It served as a haven for the Idrisid dynasty's rulers, and sometimes alternated with al-Basra as their capital. The location of Hajar an-Nasar was a mystery to historians for the last two hundred years. In 1905 a French researcher noted that Sīdī Mazwār, who as eldest son of the Idrisid ruler Ali ibn Idris had renounced power and dedicated his life to religion, was buried there. Because the marabout of Sīdī Mazwār is a known shrine and pilgrimage site of the Larache Larache () is a city in northwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortress
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ("strong") and ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large cyclopean stone walls fitted without mortar had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae. A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocco border, the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to Morocco–Western Sahara border, the south. Morocco also claims the Spain, Spanish Enclave and exclave, exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Plazas de soberanía, Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It has a population of approximately 37 million. Islam is both the official and predominant religion, while Arabic and Berber are the official languages. Additionally, French and the Moroccan dialect of Arabic are widely spoken. The culture of Morocco is a mix of Arab culture, Arab, Berbers, Berber, Culture of Africa, African and Culture of Europe, European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idrisid Dynasty
The Idrisid dynasty or Idrisids ( ') were an Arabs, Arab Muslims, Muslim dynasty from 788 to 974, ruling most of present-day Morocco and parts of present-day western Algeria. Named after the founder, Idris I of Morocco, Idris I, the Idrisids were an Alids, Alid dynasty descended from Muhammad through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan. Their reign played an important role in the early Islamization of Morocco and also presided over an increase in Arab immigration and Arabization in major urban centers. Fleeing the Abbasid Caliphate to the east in the aftermath of the Battle of Fakhkh, Idris I first established himself in 788 at Volubilis in present-day Morocco with the help of local Berbers, Berber allies. He and his son, Idris II of Morocco, Idris II, subsequently founded what became the city of Fez, Morocco, Fez further east. Fez became the capital of an Idrisid state which ruled most of present-day Morocco and part of western Algeria. After Idris II's death, the realm was divided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loukkos River
The Loukkos River (واد لوكوس; Spanish: Río Luco) is a major river in northern Morocco. Although it is relatively short (about 100 km), the river is the third largest in Morocco with an average flow of 50 m³/s. The Loukkos river's source is located in the Rif Mountains and flows into the Atlantic Ocean in the city of Larache; the city's port is on the river. The Loukkos river basin is 3,730 km2 and contains one of the most fertile and productive agricultural lands in the country. One of the river's tributaries, Oued Makhazine, bears great historical importance since it witnessed one of the most decisive battles in the history of Morocco: the Battle of Alcácer Quibir. In the battle on 4 August 1578, the joint army of deposed Moroccan monarch Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi and his ally, King Sebastian of Portugal, was defeated by the army of the new Moroccan sultan from the same Saadi dynasty (who was also Abu Abdallah's uncle). The Lukkus is the largest river in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larache
Larache () is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Moroccan coast, where the Loukkos River meets the Atlantic Ocean. Larache is one of the most important cities of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. Many civilisations and cultures have influenced the history of Larache, starting in the ancient city of Lixus (ancient city), Lixus during the 12th centuryBCE. Between the period of being a strategic Berbers, Berber town and then a Phoenician trading centre to Morocco's independence era around the 1950s, Larache was a nexus for many cultures. History The city is not mentioned in Arabic historical sources until the 13th century. It was founded by the Idrisid dynasty, Idrisite Banu 'Arus. Because of the abundant Vine, vines in the area, they named it ''al-'Ara'ish'', meaning "Trellis (architecture), trellis of grape vines", or ''al-'Arīsh mtā' Bnī 'Arūs'' ("grape vine trellis of the Banu 'Arus") in longer form. The Almohad caliph Ya’qub al-Mansur, Ya'qub al-Mansur (r. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Idris
Muhammad bin Idris bin Idris bin Abdullah () was the third Idrisid sultan of Morocco. Life He was the oldest of the twelve sons of Idris II. Upon the death of his father in 828, acting on the advice of his grandmother he divided the Idrisid realm among his older brothers, keeping only the capital, Fes, for himself. This weakened his authority and immediately gave rise to civil war and the decline of the Idrisid dynasty. When the fourth brother, Isa, ruler of Wazeqqur, revolted against Fes, Muhammad sought the assistance first of Qasim, ruler of Tangier, but was refused. He then turned to Umar, ruler of the Rif Mountains The Rif (, ), also called Rif Mountains, is a geographic region in northern Morocco. It is bordered on the north by the Mediterranean Sea and Spain and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and is the homeland of the Rifians and the Jebala people. ..., who defeated both Isa and Qasim, receiving in return the governorship over Tangier. The descendants of Umar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghrawa
The Maghrawa or Meghrawa () were a large Berber tribal confederation in North Africa. They are the largest branch of the Zenata confederation. Their traditional territories around the time of Muslim expansion into the Maghreb in the 7th century were around present-day northeastern Algeria. They ruled parts of the western Maghreb on behalf of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba at the end of the 10th century and during the first half of the 11th century. Origins The origins of the Maghrawa are uncertain. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, an 11th-century writer, claimed that they arrived to the Maghreb in ancient times. Medieval Berber writers traced the ancestry of the Maghrawa to a leader named Maghrāw. According to Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), they were related to the Banu Ifran, the Banu Jarawa, and the Banu Irniyan. Several tribes descend from the Maghrawa, including the Bani bou Said, Bani Ilit (Ilent), Bani Zendak, Bani Urac (Urtezmir, Urtesminn), Bani Urcifan, Bani Laghouat, Bani Righa, Ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziri Ibn Atiyya
Ziri ibn Atiyya (died 1001, Achir) was a leader of the Berber Maghrawa tribal confederacy and kingdom in Fez. Biography Under the protection of the Umayyad Caliph in al-Andalus, Hisham II, and his powerful regent al-Mansur, Ziri became king of the Zenata tribes in 978-979 and immediately set about conquering as much as he could of what is now northern Morocco. In 987-988 he was secure enough to be able to establish his court at Fes after capturing it from the Idrisids In 989, he was asked by al-Mansur to attack Abu al-Bahar, who controlled most of what is now Algeria and Tunisia. Abu al-Bahar had deserted the Fatimid cause to align himself with the Umayyads, but then changed sides again once he had gained control of most of the Maghreb. Ziri attacked with such vigour that Abu al-Bahar fled without much of a fight, and Ziri became master of the Maghreb in the year 991, which led to the annexation of the Sous and Zab After this victory, Ziri is said to have sent al-Mansur a pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basra, Morocco
Basra (), nicknamed Basra al-Hamra (), was a settlement and historic town in northwestern Morocco. It was founded in 833 by the Idrisid dynasty, under the reign of the Emir Muhammad ibn Idris II. It was originally the summer capital of the Idrisid dynasty from the 8th to 10th centuries after they were driven out of Fes by the Fatimids. It is currently located in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region. It is situated on the road from Souk El Arbaa to Ouezzane, about 40 km from the Atlantic coast and 20 km south of Ksar el-Kebir. It was named after the city of Basra in Iraq by the Idrisids in remembrance of it. It experienced considerable development and quickly emerged from a simple village to the summer residence of the Idrisid emirs. The geographer and traveller Ibn Hawqal in the 9th century described it as a flourishing commercial centre and mentioned that it is of medium size and is surrounded by defensive walls. He also said that it was served by two river ports as a thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ibn Idris
Ali bin Muhammad bin Idris () was the fourth Idrisid sultan of Morocco. Life Ali was the son of Muhammad ibn Idris, whom he succeeded in March/April 836 at the age of nine. During his infancy, the chieftains of the Berber tribes acted as his regents. He proved an able ruler, who managed to stabilize and pacify the Idrisid realm after the troubled reign of his father. During his reign, Idrisid authority was strengthened and stretched from Basra to Tudgha. Some Idrisid troops reportedly also participated in the 846 Sack of Rome by Aghlabid raiders. Ali died in January 849 at Fes Fez () or Fes (; ) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fez-Meknes administrative region. It is one of the largest cities in Morocco, with a population of 1.256 million, according to the 2024 census. Located to the nort ... and was succeeded by his brother Yahya I. Genealogy References Sources * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Ibn Muhammad Idrisid emirs 9th-century Arab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marabout
In the Muslim world, the marabout () is a Sayyid, descendant of Muhammad (Arabic: سـيّد, Romanization of Arabic, romanized: ''sayyid'' and ''sidi'' in the Maghreb) and a Islam, Muslim religious leader and teacher who historically had the function of a chaplain serving as a part of an Islam and war, Islamic army, notably in North Africa and the Sahara region, in West Africa, and historically in the Maghreb. The marabout is often a scholar of the Quran, or religious teacher. Others may be wandering Asceticism#Islam, holy men who survive on Zakat, alms or as spiritual directors of Muslim religious communities, often as ''Murshid, muršid'' ("guide") of Tariqa, Sufi orders. The term "marabout" is also used for the mausolea of such religious leaders (cf. ''Maqam (shrine), maqām'', ''Mazar (mausoleum), mazār'', in Palestine (region), Palestine also ''Wali, walī/velī''). West Africa Muslim religious teachers Muslim Tariqa, Sufi brotherhoods were one of the main organizing f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological Sites In Morocco
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, archaeological site, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. The discipline involves Survey (archaeology), surveying, Archaeological excavation, excavation, and eventually Post excavation, analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
