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Gyalolechia Farinosa
''Gyalolechia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains about 20 species of crustose lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. He included two species: '' G. bracteata'' and '' G. aurea''. Although Massalongo did not designate a type species for the genus, Josef Poelt assigned ''G. aurea'' to that status in 1965. After Massalongo introduced the monotypic genus ''Fulgensia'' in 1853, ''Gyalolechia'' fell out of use. ''Gyalolechia'' was resurrected for use by Ulf Arup and colleagues in 2013, as part of a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the Teloschistaceae. ''Gyalolechia'', which is sister to the genus '' Blastenia'', contains most of the species formerly assigned to the genus ''Fulgensia'', the species group centred around the taxon formerly known as ''Caloplaca flavorubescens'', and other species that contain fragilin as the dominant lichen product. Twenty- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schaer
Schaer, Schär, or Schar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Fabian Schär (born 1991), Swiss footballer *Jean-Marc Schaer (born 1953), French retired professional football striker *Michael Schär (born 1986), Swiss professional road bicycle racer *Manuela Schär (born 1984), Swiss Paralympic athlete *Gary Schaer (born 1951), American Democratic Party politician *Dwight Schar (born 1942), an American businessman, philanthropist, and Republican Party financial supporter *Fritz Schär (1926–1997), Swiss cyclist *Andrew Schär (born 1981), South African-born composer, actor, and musician *Miriam Schaer (born 1956), American artist *Robin Beth Schaer, American poet {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion, especially in the context of rank-based (" Linnaean") nomenclature (much less so under phylogenetic nomenclature). If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were presumably set forth in prehistoric times by hunter-gatherers, as suggested by the fairly sophisticated folk taxonomies. Much later, Aristotle, and later st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin language, Latin for ''something that encloses''; septa) is a wall, dividing a Body cavity, cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Septum of the penis, Penile septum, a fibrous w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthraquinone
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic organic compound with formula . Several isomers exist but these terms usually refer to 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the ketone, keto groups are located on the central ring. It is used as a digester additive to Pulp (paper), wood pulp for papermaking. Many Anthraquinones, anthraquinone derivatives are generated by organisms or synthesised industrially for use as Anthraquinone dyes, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and Catalysis, catalysts. Anthraquinone is a yellow, highly crystalline solid, poorly solubility, soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. It is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol. It is found in nature as the rare mineral hoelite. Synthesis There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10-anthraquinone: # The oxidation of anthracene. Chromium(VI) is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 μm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thalloidal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts ( leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxneriopsis
''Oxneriopsis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2017 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and Jae-Seoun Hur, with ''Oxneriopsis oxneri'' assigned as the type species. The genus name honours the Ukrainian lichenologist Alfred Mycolayovych Oxner (1898–1973). Description ''Oxneriopsis'' features crustose lichens with a thallus that can be continuous, cracked, or divided into small, isolated units (). Often, this thallus forms vegetative reproductive structures (propagules), known as or , which are typically bright yellow or greenish-yellow, contrasting with the greyish or greenish-grey background of the main thallus. Their fruiting bodies () vary from (with a ) to (without a thalline margin), and exhibit a range of colours from yellow and orange-brown to dark brown or even blackish brown. The thalline margin o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opeltia
''Opeltia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Laszlo Lőkös, with '' O. neobaltistanica'' assigned as the type species. The genus name honours lichenologist Josef Poelt, "in recognition of his enormous contribution to lichenology". ''Opeltia'' occupies a distinct monophyletic branch within the ''Mikhtomia'' clade, a phylogenetically related group of taxa that also includes the genera '' Hanstrassia'', '' Laundonia'', and ''Oxneriopsis''. This clade is in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Description ''Opeltia'' shares similarities with '' Blastenia''. However, it can be distinguished by certain key characteristics. The thallus of ''Opeltia'' has a crustose form, appearing to with an abrupt margin. Its colouration varies, typically presenting in shades of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elenkiniana
''Elenkiniana'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, all of which occur in Eurasia. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. '' Elenkiniana gloriae'' is assigned as the type species. The genus name honours the Russian botanist, Alexander Elenkin, "in acknowledgement of his many contributions on cryptogams in northern Eurasia". According to the authors, ''Elenkiniana'' shares similarities with the genus '' Gyalolechia'' (formerly known as ''Fulgensia'' before Arup and colleagues' 2013 revision of the Teloschistaceae) but is distinguished by its typically lobate thalli, laminal pseudocyphellae across the thallus surface, and the absence of numerous crystals in the cortical layer and inclusions in the hymenium. Despite this, the work "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi", did not accept ''Elenkiniana'', considering i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerothallia
''Cerothallia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species, all of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, with '' Cerothallia luteoalba'' assigned as the type species. The type is more widely distributed, as it is also found in Europe and North America. The generic name ''Cerothallia'' means "with waxy thallus". Species *'' Cerothallia luteoalba'' *''Cerothallia subluteoalba ''Cerothallia subluteoalba'' is a species of corticolous lichen, corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2009. This species is distinguished by its num ...'' *'' Cerothallia yarraensis'' *'' Cerothallia yorkensis'' References Teloschistales Teloschistales genera Taxa described in 2013 Lichen genera Taxa named by Ulrik Søchting Taxa named by Patrik Frödén Taxa named by U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
