|
Gulyás (herdsman)
The gulyás is the traditional mounted cattle-herdsman of Hungary. The gulyás tradition is associated with the Hungarian puszta and with the Hungarian Grey or Hungarian Steppe breed of Podolic cattle, hu, Magyar szürke szarvasmarha, now considered a meat breed but formerly used as oxen. ''Gulyás'' is the origin of the word '' goulash''. See also *Csikós * Betyárs *Hajduk (soldiers) The ''hajdúk'' (singular ''hajdú'') were irregular or mercenary soldiers of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 16th and 17th centuries. Etymology The Hungarian term ''hajdú'' (''hajdúk'' is the plural) may derive from ''hajtó'' which meant (c ... References Hungarian culture Pastoralists Animal husbandry occupations Horse history and evolution Horse-related professions and professionals {{horse-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangalitsa (Paleo) Festival - Budapest, 2013 (13)
The Mangalica (also Mangalitsa or Mangalitza) is a Hungarian breed of domestic pig. It was developed in the mid-19th century by crossbreeding breeds from the nearby Romanian Salonta (Hungarian: ''Nagyszalonta'', colloquially ''Szalonta'') and Hungarian Bakony with the European wild boar and the Serbian Šumadija breed. The Mangalica pig grows a thick, curly coat of hair. The only other pig breed noted for having a long coat is the extinct Lincolnshire Curly Coat pig of England. History The blonde Mangalica variety was developed from older, hardy types of Hungarian pig (Bakonyi and Szalontai) crossed with the European wild boar and a Serbian breed (and later others like Alföldi) in Austria-Hungary (1833). That year, Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović sent 12 pigs of the autochthonous Serbian ''Šumadinka'' breed, ten sows and two boars. Pigs originally grown at the Prince's Topčider farm near Belgrade were used to create the Syrmian black lasa breed, also known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of nearly 9 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, the official language, is the world's most widely spoken Uralic language and among the few non- Indo-European languages widely spoken in Europe. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city; other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs, and Győr. The territory of present-day Hungary has for centuries been a crossroads for various peoples, including Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Huns, West Slavs and the Avars. The foundation of the Hungarian state was established in the late 9th century AD with the conquest of the Carpat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puszta
The Hungarian Puszta () is a temperate grassland biome of the Alföld or Great Hungarian Plain. It is an exclave of the Eurasian Steppe, and lies mainly around the River Tisza in the eastern part of Hungary, as well as in the western part of the country and in the Burgenland of Austria. It covers a total area of about . The characteristic landscape is composed of treeless plains, saline steppes and salt lakes, and includes scattered sand dunes, low, wet forests and freshwater marshes along the floodplains of the ancient rivers. It is strongly associated with traditional Hungarian breeds of domestic animal including the Hungarian Grey breed of cattle, the Mangalitsa breed of woolly pig, the Nonius breed of horse and the Racka breed of horned sheep, and also with the traditions of the csikós The csikós is the mounted horse-herdsman of Hungary. The csikós tradition is closely associated with the Hungarian ''puszta'', in recent times particularly in the environs of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Grey Cattle
The Hungarian Grey ( hu, Magyar Szürke, italic=no), also known as the Hungarian Grey Steppe, is a Hungarian breed of beef cattle. It belongs to the group of Podolic cattle and is characterised by long lyre-shaped horns and a pale grey coat. It is well adapted to extensive pasture systems and was formerly raised in very large numbers in the Hungarian puszta. In the twentieth century it came close to extinction, but numbers have since risen. History The origins of the Hungarian Grey are unknown. It was formerly accepted that it had arrived in the ninth century with the Magyars who came from the east, took the Carpathian Basin and settled there; this theory is not consistent with the archaeological record. It has also been suggested at various times that it was introduced in some later migration, possibly by Cumanian or Pecheneg peoples; that it was brought from the south by refugees from the Balkans; or that it came from the Italian peninsula, acquired either by raiding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podolian Cattle
Podolian cattle is a group of cattle breeds characterised by grey coats and upright and often long horns that are thought to have originated in the Podolian steppe. Breeds in this group include: * Podolian Grey Steppe breeds from Eastern Europe ** Hungarian Grey / Hungarian Steppe cattle (Hungary) ** Slavonian-Syrmian Podolian (Croatia) ** Srem Podolian / Serbian Podolian (Serbia) ** Sura de Stepă / Romanian Grey (Romania) ** Ukrainian Grey / Ukrainian Steppe Cattle (Ukraine) * Podolian-Istrian breeds from Central Italy, Southern Italy and Istria (Croatia; Slovenia) ** Boškarin / Istrian cattle (Croatia; Slovenia) ** Maremmana (Italy) ** Podolica The Podolica is a breed of domestic cattle from southern Italy. It belongs to the Podolic group of grey cattle. It is raised in the regions of Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise and Puglia. It was formerly distributed through ... (Italy) * Podolian-Illyrian breeds from the Balkans and Anatolia ** Boz Irk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goulash
Goulash ( hu, gulyás) is a soup or stew of meat and vegetables seasoned with paprika and other spices. Originating in Hungary, goulash is a common meal predominantly eaten in Central Europe but also in other parts of Europe. It is one of the national dishes of Hungary and a symbol of the country. Its origin may be traced back as far as the 10th century, to stews eaten by Hungarian shepherds. At that time, the cooked and flavored meat was dried with the help of the sun and packed into bags produced from sheep's stomachs, needing only water to make it into a meal.Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia Britannica Educational Publishing, 2013, p. 94 Earlier versions of goulash did not include |
Csikós
The csikós is the mounted horse-herdsman of Hungary. The csikós tradition is closely associated with the Hungarian ''puszta'', in recent times particularly in the environs of Debrecen and Hortobágy National Park. It is also closely linked to the Nonius (horse), Nonius breed of horse, for which one of the two principal breeding centres is the Máta Stud, some 3 kilometres from Hortobágy. Images Hungary, Hortobágy Fortepan 83757.jpg, Csikós on a white horse, 1935 Hungary, Hortobágy Fortepan 83753.jpg, Csikós on bay horses, 1935 Hungria - Bugac - panoramio.jpg, Hungarian post Puszta-Five.jpg, Hungarian post See also *Betyárs *Hajduk (soldiers) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Csikos Animal husbandry occupations Horse-related professions and professionals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajduk (soldiers)
The ''hajdúk'' (singular ''hajdú'') were irregular or mercenary soldiers of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 16th and 17th centuries. Etymology The Hungarian term ''hajdú'' (''hajdúk'' is the plural) may derive from ''hajtó'' which meant (cattle) drover. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between ''hajdú'' and the Turkish word ''hajdud'' which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers, though it is not clear whether the word traveled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa. History In 1604-1606, István Bocskay, Lord of Bihar, led an insurrection against the Habsburg Emperor, whose army had recently occupied Transylvania a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Culture
Hungarian culture is characterised by its distinctive cuisine, folk traditions, poetry, theatre, religious customs, music and traditional embroidered garments. Hungarian folk traditions range from embroidery, decorated pottery and carvings to the lively celebrations of folk music. Historically, Hungarian music also largely consists of Roma Music alongside classical and baroque pieces. Noted Hungarian authors include Sándor Márai, Imre Kertész, Péter Esterházy, Magda Szabó and János Kodolányi. Imre Kertész is particularly noteworthy for having won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2002. Architecture Hungary is home to: * Great Synagogue, the largest synagogue in Europe * Széchenyi Medicinal Bath, the largest medicinal bath in Europe * Esztergom Basilica, the third-largest church in Europe * Pannonhalma Archabbey, the second-largest territorial abbey in the world * Gödöllő, the second-largest Baroque castle in the world * Pécs, the largest Myles Necropoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastoralists
Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. The animal species involved include cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses and sheep. Pastoralism occurs in many variations throughout the world, generally where environmental characteristics such as aridity, poor soils, cold or hot temperatures, and lack of water make crop-growing difficult or impossible. Operating in more extreme environments with more marginal lands means that pastoral communities are very vulnerable to the effects of global warming. Pastoralism remains a way of life in many geographic areas, including Africa, the Tibetan plateau, the Eurasian steppes, the Andes, Patagonia, the Pampas, Australia and many other places. , between 200 million and 500 million people globally practised pastoralism, and 75% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Pastoralists")