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Guarantors' Panel On The Constitutionality Of Rules
The Guarantors' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules (Italian: Collegio Garante della Costituzionalità delle Norme) is the highest court of San Marino in matters of constitutional law. The institution was established with Constitutional Revising Law no. 36 of 26 February 2002, which has amended Article 16 of the " Declaration on the Citizens' Rights and Fundamental Principles of San Marino Constitutional Order". The Guarantors' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules is the youngest body of San Marino constitutional order. Constitutionality review was previously entrusted to the Great and General Council, but throughout the years this solution had presented several limits. Constitutional Law no. 67 of 27 May 2003 governs the responsibilities of this Panel, while Qualified Law no. 55 of 25 April 2003 disciplines its organisation, incompatibilities, operation, appeal forms and procedures and the effects of its decisions. The Panel is composed of three effective members (one per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Marino
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, it is the larger of two European microstates, microstates within Italy, the other being Vatican City. San Marino is the List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-smallest country in the world, with a land area of just over and a population of 34,042 as of 2025. Its capital, the City of San Marino, sits atop Monte Titano, while its largest settlement is Dogana, in the municipality of Serravalle, San Marino, Serravalle. Founded according to myth in 301 AD, San Marino claims to be the oldest extant sovereign state and the oldest constitutional republic. It is named after Saint Marinus, a legendary Stonemasonry, stonemason from the Roman Empire, Roman island of Rab (island), Rab (in present-day Croatia), who is supposed to have established a monastic community on Monte Titano. The countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Law
Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments. Not all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have a , or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law, or international law. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to place limits on what ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of San Marino
The constitution of the Republic of San Marino is distributed over a number of legislative instruments, the most important of which are the Statutes of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974, as amended in 2002. The constitutional system shows influences of Roman customary law and Justinian I's '' Corpus Juris Civilis'' (529–534). It is the world's oldest surviving constitution of any sovereign state, barring England's ''Magna Carta'' (1215). The Statutes of 1600 The current legal system of the San Marino began on 8 October 1600. The government gave binding force to a compilation of ''Statuti'' written by Camillo Bonelli, covering the institutions and practices of Sammarinese government and justice at that time. It was written in Latin and contained in six books. The title in Latin is ''Statuta Decreta ac Ordinamenta Illustris Reipublicae ac Perpetuae Libertatis Terrae Sancti Marini''. The new system was an update on the ''Statuti Comunali'' (Town Statute) wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand And General Council
The Grand and General Council (; ) is the unicameral parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term. History From the fifth century San Marino was ruled by an assembly composed by all the family heads known as the Arengo. However, as population grew, such a body became more and more dysfunctional, with its functioning being crippled by feuds between families. While the exact timing is unknown, there is historical evidence that by the early 13th century the citizens of San Marino elected an assembly called Council of the LX, which was also known as the Grand and General Council. In this first stage the power was shared between the Arengo and the Council, with the latter gaining more and more power over the centuries. This process culminated in the 1600 statutes which defined the Council as the "supreme, absolute and only prince" of the community, attributing to it "the right over life, death and goods of every citizen" together with every p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captains Regent
Captains Regent (; ) are the two Head of state, heads of state of the San Marino, Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's Legislature, legislative body. Normally the Regents are chosen from parties in coalition and serve a six-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year. This tradition dates back at least to 1243. The practice of dual heads of government (diarchy) is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the Roman consul, consuls of ancient Rome, except the Captains Regent hold no executive power. History The establishment of the regency took place during the first half of the thirteenth century, when they had the role of managing justice, a task similar to the competence of magistrates. During that period they were called consuls, which derived from ancient Rome. The first two known consuls were elected on 12 December 1243 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of San Marino
The politics of the state of San Marino take place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Captains Regent are the heads of state and heads of government. The country has a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Grand and General Council. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. San Marino was originally led by the Arengo, initially formed with the heads of each family. In the 13th century, power was given to the Great and General Council. In 1243, the first two Captains Regent were nominated by the council, and that system is still in use today. The Grand and General Council The legislature of the republic is the Grand and General Council (''Consiglio grande e generale''). The council is a unicameral legislature which has 60 members with elections occurring every 5 years under a majoritarian representation syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Courts
A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established rules, rights, and freedoms, among other things. History Before establishment of independent constitutional court Prior to 1919, the United States, Canada and Australia had adopted the concept of judicial review by their courts, following shared principles of their similar common law legal systems, which they, in turn, had inherited from British colonial law. The Parthenopean Republic's constitution of 1799, written by Mario Pagano, envisaged an organ of magistrates reviewing constitutional law, the ''eforato'', but lasted only 6 months. The 1776 Constitution of Pennsylvania and 1777 Constitution of Vermont both establish a "Council of Censors" separate from the other branches of government, with the task of "recommending to the leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
