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Grundrisse
The ''Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie'' (, ), often simply the ''Grundrisse'' (, ), is an unfinished manuscript by the German philosopher Karl Marx. The series of seven notebooks was rough-drafted by Marx, chiefly for purposes of self-clarification, during the winter of 1857–8. Left aside by Marx in 1858, it remained unpublished until 1939. Contents The ''Grundrisse'' is very wide-ranging in subject matter and covers all six sections of Marx's critique of political economy (of which only one, the first volume of ''Das Kapital'', ever reached a final form). Because of the rough nature of the work, Marxist geographer David Harvey has described challenges in "determining whether Marx is advancing his own conceptual framework and interpretations or simply reporting for others" and stated that "Marx is, in short, just talking to himself". It is often described as the rough draft of ''Das Kapital'', although there is considerable disagreement about the exact relati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grundrisse Karl Marx
The ''Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie'' (, ), often simply the ''Grundrisse'' (, ), is an unfinished manuscript by the German philosopher Karl Marx. The series of seven notebooks was rough-drafted by Marx, chiefly for purposes of self-clarification, during the winter of 1857–8. Left aside by Marx in 1858, it remained unpublished until 1939. Contents The ''Grundrisse'' is very wide-ranging in subject matter and covers all six sections of Marx's critique of political economy (of which only one, the first volume of ''Das Kapital'', ever reached a final form). Because of the rough nature of the work, Marxist geographer David Harvey has described challenges in "determining whether Marx is advancing his own conceptual framework and interpretations or simply reporting for others" and stated that "Marx is, in short, just talking to himself". It is often described as the rough draft of ''Das Kapital'', although there is considerable disagreement about the exact rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critique Of Political Economy
Critique of political economy or simply the first critique of economy is a form of social critique that rejects the conventional ways of distributing resources. The critique also rejects what its advocates believe are unrealistic axioms, flawed historical assumptions, and taking conventional economic mechanisms as a given or as transhistorical (true for all human societies for all time). The critique asserts the conventional economy is merely one of many types of historically specific ways to distribute resources, which emerged along with modernity (post-Renaissance Western society). Critics of political economy do not necessarily aim to create their own theories regarding how to administer economies. Critics of economy commonly view "the economy" as a bundle of concepts and societal and normative practices, rather than being the result of any self-evident economic laws. Hence, they also tend to consider the views which are commonplace within the field of economics as faulty, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcello Musto
Marcello Musto (born 14 April 1976) is a professor of sociology, and the founding director of the Laboratory for Alternative Theories, at York University in Canada. He is acknowledged globally as one of the authors who has made significant contributions to the revival of Marx studies over the last decade, and his research interests also include Socialist thought, the history of labour movement, and alternative socioeconomic systems. He is the author of '' The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography'' and his major writings comprise four single-authored books, twelve edited volumes, and more than 50 journal articles and books chapters. His work has been translated worldwide in twenty-five languages. Education and career Marcello Musto received a B.A. and M.A. in political science, and a Ph.D. degree in philosophy and politics, from the University of Naples "L'Orientale". He also earned a Ph.D. degree in philosophy from the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Marx
Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels), and his three-volume (1867–1894), a critique of classical political economy which employs his theory of historical materialism in an analysis of capitalism, in the culmination of his life's work. Marx's ideas and their subsequent development, collectively known as Marxism, have had enormous influence. Born in Trier in the Kingdom of Prussia, Marx studied at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, and received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena in 1841. A Young Hegelian, he was influenced by the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and both critiqued and developed Hegel's ideas in works such as '' The German Ideology'' (written 1846) and the '' Grundrisse'' (written 1857–1858). While in Paris, Marx wrote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relations Of Production
Relations of production () is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their theory of historical materialism and in ''Das Kapital''. It is first explicitly used in Marx's published book '' The Poverty of Philosophy'', although Marx and Engels had already defined the term in '' The German Ideology'' which was only published posthumously in 1932. Some social relations are voluntary or freely chosen (ie. a person chooses to associate with another person or a group). But other social relations are involuntary, i.e. people can be socially related, whether they like that or not, because they are part of a family (ie. biosocial kinship) a group, an organization, a community, a nation, etc. By "relations of production", Marx and Engels meant the sum total of social relationships that people ''must'' enter into in order to survive, to produce, and to reproduce their means of life. As people ''must'' enter into these social relationships, i.e. because participatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, and social transformation. Marxism originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, and as a result, there is no single, definitive " Marxist theory". Marxism has had a profound effect in shaping the modern world, with various left-wing and far-left political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts. In addition to the various schools of thought, which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, several Marxian concepts have been incorporated into an array of social theories. This has led to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prices Of Production
Prices of production (or "production prices"; in German ''Produktionspreise'') is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, defined as "cost-price + average profit". A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services would have to be sold by the producers, in order to reach a normal, average ''profit rate'' on the ''capital'' invested to produce the products (not the same as the profit on the turnover). The importance of these price levels is, that a lot of other prices are based on them, or derived from them: in Marx's theory, they determine the cost structure of capitalist production. The market prices of products normally oscillate around their production prices, while production prices themselves oscillate around product-''values'' (the average current replacement cost in labour-time required to make each type of product). This understanding already existed in class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist Theory
Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are works in philosophy that are strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory, or works written by Marxists. Marxist philosophy may be broadly divided into Western Marxism, which drew from various sources, and the official philosophy in the Soviet Union, which enforced a rigid reading of what Marx called dialectical materialism, in particular during the 1930s. Marxist philosophy is not a strictly defined sub-field of philosophy, because the diverse influence of Marxist theory has extended into fields as varied as aesthetics, ethics, ontology, epistemology, social philosophy, political philosophy, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of history. The key characteristics of Marxism in philosophy are its materialism and its commitment to political practice as the end goal of all thought. The theory is also about the struggles of the proletariat and their reprimand of the bourgeoisie. Marxist theorist Louis Althuss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Das Kapital
''Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' (), also known as ''Capital'' or (), is the most significant work by Karl Marx and the cornerstone of Marxian economics, published in three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894. The culmination of his life's work, the text contains Marx's analysis of capitalism, to which he sought to apply his theory of historical materialism in a critique of political economy, critique of classical political economy. 's second and third volumes were completed from manuscripts after Marx's death in 1883 and published by Friedrich Engels. Marx's study of political economy began in the 1840s, influenced by the works of the classical political economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo. His earlier works, including ''Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844'' and ''The German Ideology'' (1846, with Engels), laid the groundwork for his theory of historical materialism, which posits that the Base and superstructure, economic structures of a society (in par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Harvey
David William Harvey (born 31 October 1935) is a British-American academic best known for Marxist analyses that focus on urban geography as well as the economy more broadly. He is a Distinguished Professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). Harvey has authored many books and essays that have been prominent in the development of modern geography as a discipline. He is a proponent of the idea of the right to the city. In 2007, Harvey was listed as the 18th most-cited author of books in the humanities and social sciences in that year, as established by counting citations from academic journals in the Thomson Reuters ISI database. Early life and education David W. Harvey was born in 1935 in Gillingham, Kent. He attended Gillingham Grammar School for Boys and St John's College, Cambridge, for both his undergraduate and post-graduate studies. Harvey's early work, beginning with his PhD (on hops production in 19th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Marx
The correct place of Karl Marx's early writings within his system as a whole has been a matter of great controversy. Some believe there is a ''break'' in Marx's development that divides his thought into two periods: the "Young Marx" is said to be a thinker who deals with the problem of Marx's theory of alienation, alienation, while the "Mature Marx" is said to aspire to a scientific socialism. The debate centers on the reasons for Marx's transition from philosophy to the analysis of modern capitalist society. The controversy arose with the posthumous publication of the works that Marx wrote before 1845 — particularly the ''Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844'' — which had been unavailable to earlier generations of Marxists. These writings, first published between 1927 and 1932, provide a philosophical background to the economic, historical and political works that Marx had hitherto been known for. Orthodox Marxism follows a positivist reading that sees Marx as having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aaron Bastani
Aaron John Bastani (born February 1984) is a British people, British Pundit, political commentator, journalist and author. He co-founded the left-wing media organisation Novara Media in 2011 and regularly hosts and contributes to its ''Novara Live'' livestreamed news, live news show on YouTube. Bastani popularised the term "Fully Automated Luxury Communism", which describes a post-capitalist society in which automation greatly reduces the amount of labour humans need to do. He authored the book ''Fully Automated Luxury Communism'' on the subject in 2019. He ideologically identifies as a socialism, socialist. Early life and education Aaron Bastani was born as Aaron Peters in Bournemouth to a single mother, who died in 2015. She was employed in cleaning, the service industry and social care, and voted for the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party. His Iranian father, Mammad Bastani, was made a British refugee during the Iranian Revolution. He took his father's name, Bastani, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
