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Grenz Infantry
Grenz infantry or Grenzers or Granichary (from " border guard" or "frontiersman"; Serbo-Croatian: graničari, krajišnici, Hungarian: granicsár, sr-cyr, граничари, крајишници, Russian Cyrillic: граничары) were combined border guard troops (include light cavalry, light horse artillery, light infantry, and line infantry) who came from the Military Frontier in the Habsburg monarchy (later the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary). This borderland formed a buffer zone between Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire, and the troops were originally raised to defend their homelands against the Ottoman Turks. When there was no danger of war against the Ottomans, the Grenzer regiments were employed by the Habsburgs in other theatres of war, although one battalion of each regiment would always remain guarding the border. As Granichary, members of this Grenz infantry were invited to the Russian Empire where on territory of modern Ukraine they formed historic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is also referred to as the Austrian monarchy, the Austrian Empire () or the Danubian monarchy. The history of the Habsburg monarchy can be traced back to the election of Rudolf I of Germany, Rudolf I as King of the Romans, King of Germany in 1273 and his acquisition of the Duchy of Austria for the Habsburgs in 1282. In 1482, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I acquired the Habsburg Netherlands, Netherlands through marriage. Both realms passed to his grandson and successor, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, who also inherited the Monarchy of Spain, Spanish throne and Spanish Empire, its colonial possessions, and thus came to rule the Habsburg empire at its greatest territorial extent. The abdication of Charles V in 1556 led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman–Habsburg Wars
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th to the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, which was at times supported by the Kingdom of Hungary, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Holy Roman Empire, The Holy Roman Empire, and Habsburg Spain. The wars were dominated by land campaigns in Hungary, including Transylvania (today in Romania) and Vojvodina (today in Serbia), Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia, and central Serbia. By the 16th century, the Ottomans had become a serious threat to European powers, with Ottoman ships sweeping away Republic of Venice, Venetian possessions in the Aegean Sea, Aegean and Ionian Sea, Ionian seas and Ottoman-supported Barbary pirates seizing Spanish possessions in the Maghreb. The Protestant Reformation, French–Habsburg rivalry and the numerous civil conflicts of the Holy Roman Empire distracted Christians from their conflict with the Ottomans. Meanwhile, the Ottomans had to contend with Safavid Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Language
Hungarian, or Magyar (, ), is an Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarians, Hungarian communities in southern Slovakia, western Ukraine (Zakarpattia Oblast, Transcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje), and eastern Austria (Burgenland). It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the Hungarian Americans, United States and Canada) and Israel. With 14 million speakers, it is the Uralic family's most widely spoken language. Classification Hungarian is a member of the Uralic language family. Linguistic connections between Hungarian and other Uralic languages were noticed in the 1670s, and the family's existenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian ( / ), also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually intelligible Standard language, standard varieties, namely Serbian language, Serbian, Croatian language, Croatian, Bosnian language, Bosnian, and Montenegrin language, Montenegrin. South Slavic languages historically formed a dialect continuum. The region's turbulent history, particularly due to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, led to a complex dialectal and religious mosaic. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread supradialect in the western Balkans, encroaching westward into the area previously dominated by Chakavian and Kajkavian. Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural spheres, although large portions of these populations lived side by side und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Guard
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties. Name and uniform In different countries, names of particular border guard services vary significantly. The service may be called "police", "guard", "troops" or "sentinel" and the name would refer to the nation's official term for the state border - whether it is "frontier" or "border". Most border guards of the world use dark green-colored elements on their uniform, insignia or flags. Tasks Peacetime duties Typical tasks of a border guard are: * Controlling and guarding a nation's borders and protecting national borders.; * Controlling border crossing persons, vehicles, and travel documents; * Preventing illegal border crossing of persons, vehicles, cargoes and other goods; * Controlling transportation of prohibited and limited items (e.g. weapons, ammunition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Philipp Vukassovich
Baron Josef Philipp Vukassovich (; 1755 – 9 August 1809) was a Croatian soldier who joined the army of Habsburg monarchy and fought against both Ottoman Empire and the First French Republic. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he commanded a brigade in the Italian campaign of 1796–1797 against Napoleon Bonaparte. He led a division during the Napoleonic Wars and received a fatal wound in action. While serving in the Grenz infantry from the Croatian Military Frontier, Vukassovich received a coveted military award for notable actions in battle against the Ottomans. Still leading his Grenzers, he fought against the French in Italy. While still a colonel, he was entrusted with the command of an infantry brigade in early 1796. Finally appointed a general officer, he participated in nearly every battle in Italy that year, including all four Austrian attempts to raise the Siege of Mantua. In 1799, he led troops in Italy against the French with success. The following year s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathias Rukavina Von Boynograd
Mathias Rukavina von Boynograd (1737 − 3 May 1817) was a Croatian general in the Habsburg monarchy imperial army service. He joined the army in 1755 and fought against the Kingdom of Prussia, Ottoman Turkey, and the First French Republic. For most of his career he served with the light infantry from the military border with Turkey. He earned the rank of general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars, distinguishing himself at Loano. During the 1796 Italian campaign, he commanded a brigade in several battles against the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte. He was Inhaber (Proprietor) of an Austrian infantry regiment in 1803–1804. Early career Born in Trnovac (near Gospić in Lika region), in 1737, Rukavina was the son of Oberleutnant Josef (Croatian: ''Josip'') Rukavina and Susanna von Startschewitsch (Starčević). He enlisted in a Hungarian regiment and fought with distinction during the Seven Years' War. Afterward, he served with the Grenz infantry (also known as Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignác Gyulay
Count Ignác Gyulay de Marosnémeti et Nádaska, Ignácz Gyulay, Ignaz Gyulai (11 September 1763 – 11 November 1831) was a Hungarian military officer, joined the army of the Habsburg monarchy, fought against Ottoman Turkey, and became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. From 1806 he held the title of Ban of Croatia. In the struggle against the First French Empire during Napoleonic Wars, he commanded army corps. At the time of his death, he presided over the Hofkriegsrat, the Austrian Council of War. While fighting against the Turks, Gyulay rose in rank to become a field officer. From 1793 to 1796, he served on the upper Rhine in combat with the armies of the First French Republic. In 1799 he led a brigade in Germany and the following year he commanded a division. From 1801 until 1831, he was Proprietor (Inhaber) of a Hungarian infantry regiment. During the Napoleonic Wars, Gyulay fought in the 1805 campaign against the First French Empire and later served h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Von Wartensleben
Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Count Wartensleben (11 October 1734 – 21 April 1798) was a Swedish nobleman active in the Dutch military. He was born in Hesse-Kassel. He was the younger son of the Swedish royal house and the princely Hesse house of Schaumburg. His father was Karl Philip Christian, Count Wartensleben, and his mother was Albertine Louise, the former Baroness von Quadt and Wykradt. Initially he joined the Dutch army, but transferred his talents to the Habsburg army in 1758, commissioned as a major. He was assigned to the ''Szluiner'' Grenz Infantry Regiment. For his service in the War of the Bavarian Succession he was promoted to Colonel and Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment Nr. 28, a position he held from 1779 until his death on 21 April 1798. He received the Knights' Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa on 22 April 1790, and the Commander's Cross on 19 December. In 1794, in the Battle of Lambusart, he commanded a column operating on the right flank of the army o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Bajalics Von Bajahaza
Adam Bajalics von Bajaháza, also Adam Bajalić von Bajaházy or Adam Bayalitsch, (1734 – 5 June 1800) entered Austrian military service and fought against Prussia, Ottoman Turkey, and France. During the Italian campaign of 1796–1797 against Napoleon Bonaparte, he commanded a brigade or a division in several actions. Military career Born to a ''Dalmatin'' (Croats from Dalmatia, today known as Bunjevci) family in Szeged, Hungary in 1734, Bajalics enlisted in the ''Archduke Ferdinand'' Infantry Regiment # 2 from 1750 to 1754. He rejoined the Austrian army in 1758, this time in the ''Warasdiner'' Grenz Infantry Regiment. (The Grenz were light infantry recruited from the military border with Ottoman Turkey.) He fought in the Seven Years' War and earned promotion to lieutenant (''Leutnant''). During the War of the Bavarian Succession, he was a captain (''Hauptmann'') and was soon elevated to the rank of major. In 1783, he was appointed lieutenant colonel (''Oberst-Leutnant'') of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Davidovich
Baron Paul Davidovich or Pavle Davidović ( sr-Cyrl, Павле Давидовић) (1737, Buda – 18 February 1814, Komárom) became a general of the Austrian Empire and a Knight of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. He played a major role in the 1796 Italian campaign during the French Revolutionary Wars, leading corps-sized commands in the fighting against the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte. He led troops during the Napoleonic Wars and was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment. Early career Born in Buda (Ofen) (in modern-day Budapest, Hungary) in 1737, Davidovich came from a Serb family which had immigrated to the Austrian Empire from the Ottoman Empire at the time of Emperor Leopold I. In 1757, Davidovich joined the Austrian army's ''Ferdinand Karl'' Infantry Regiment #2. He served during the Seven Years' War and rose in rank to Captain. In 1771, he received promotion to Major in ''d'Alton'' Infantry Regiment #19. He performed heroically under fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovan Tekelija
Jovan Popović Tekelija (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Поповић Текелија; 1660 – 1721–1722) was a Ethnic Serb, Serb army officer serving in the Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire), Habsburg army. As commander of the Serbian Militia, Tekelija participated in many battles distinguishing himself in particular during the Battle of Zenta in 1697 where the Ottoman Empire suffered a stunning defeat. For his merit, he was appointed Colonel of the Serbian militia in Arad and Austrian nobility, ennobled by Emperor Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph I. Family Jovan Popović Tekelija was born in Arad, Romania, Arad or in Csanád County (medieval), CsanádВладан Гавриловић, "Породица Текелија", Програм међународног научног скупа "Сеоба Срба у Руско царство половином 18. века" Музеј Војводине, 7 – 8. маја 2003. Нови Сад, Србија и Црна Го� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
