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Grenville Orogeny
The Grenville orogeny was a long-lived Mesoproterozoic mountain-building event associated with the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. Its record is a prominent orogenic belt which spans a significant portion of the North American continent, from Labrador to Mexico, as well as to Scotland. Grenville orogenic crust of mid-late Mesoproterozoic age (1250980 Ma) is found worldwide, but generally only events which occurred on the southern and eastern margins of Laurentia are recognized under the "Grenville" name. These orogenic events are also known as the Kibaran orogeny in Africa, the Dalslandian orogeny in Western Europe, and the Sunsás orogeny in Brazil. Timescale The problem of timing the Grenville orogeny is an area of some contention. The timescale outlined by Toby Rivers in 2002 is derived from the well-preserved Grenville Province and represents one of the most detailed records of the orogeny. This classification considers the classical Grenville designation to cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grenville Extent
Grenville may refer to: People British Prime Ministers * George Grenville (1712–1770), Prime Minister 1763–1765 * William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville (1759–1834), his son, Prime Minister 1806–1807 Other people * Anne Grenville, Baroness Grenville (1772–1864), English noblewoman and author * Bevil Grenville (1596–1643), English soldier * Bruce Grenville (Bruce Ronald Henderson, born 1950), New Zealand anarchist and hoaxer * Elizabeth Grenville (1719–1769), British artist and writer * George Grenville (other) * Georgina Grenville (born 1975), South African fashion model * Henry Grenville (1717–1784), British diplomat and politician * Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple, (c. 1690 – 1752) * Honor Grenville, Viscountess Lisle, (c. 1493–5 – 1566) * Kate Grenville (born 1950), Australian author * James Grenville (1715–1783), British politician * James Grenville, 1st Baron Glastonbury (1742–1825), British politician * Jane Grenville (born 1958) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hornblende
Hornblende is a complex silicate minerals#Inosilicates, inosilicate series of minerals. It is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole. Hornblende minerals are common in Igneous rock, igneous and metamorphic rocks. The general formula is . Physical properties Hornblende has a Mohs scale of mineral hardness, hardness of 5–6, a specific gravity of 3.0 to 3.6, and is typically an opaque green, dark green, brown, or black color. It tends to form slender prismatic to bladed crystals, diamond-shaped in cross section, or is present as irregular grains or fibrous masses. Its planes of cleavage (crystal), cleavage intersect at 56° and 124° angles. Hornblende is most often confused with the pyroxene series and biotite, biotite mica, which are also dark minerals found in granite and charnockite. Pyroxenes differ in their cleavage planes, which intersect at 87° and 93°. Hornblende is an inosilicate (cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangerite
Mangerite is a plutonic intrusive igneous rock, that is essentially a hypersthene-bearing monzonite. It often occurs in association with norite, anorthosite, charnockite and rapakivi granite in Proterozoic metamorphic belts. It is characterised by the presence of mesoperthite. It was named for Manger, Norway Manger is a village in Alver municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village lies in the central part of the island of Radøy, along the Radfjorden. The village of Bøvågen lies about to the northwest and the village of Sæbø lies ab ..., by Carl Fredrik Kolderup in 1903. References Plutonic rocks {{igneous-rock-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anorthosite
Anorthosite () is a phaneritic, intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock characterized by its composition: mostly plagioclase feldspar (90–100%), with a minimal mafic component (0–10%). Pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, and olivine are the mafic minerals most commonly present. Anorthosites are of enormous geologic interest, because it is still not fully understood how they form. Most models involve fractional crystallization (geology), separating plagioclase crystals based on their density. Plagioclase crystals are usually less dense than magma; so, as plagioclase crystallizes in a magma chamber, the plagioclase crystals float to the top, concentrating there. Anorthosite on Earth can be divided into five types: # Archean anorthosites # Proterozoic anorthosite (also known as massif or massif-type anorthosite) – the most abundant type of anorthosite on Earth # Layers within Layered intrusion, Layered Intrusions (e.g., Bushveld Igneous Complex, Bushveld and Stillwater igneous com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric J
Eric J Dubowsky also known as Eric J, is a Grammy, Emmy, ARIA, and APRA award-winning mixer, songwriter and record producer. Eric grew up in the New York City suburb of Tenafly, New Jersey and graduated from Tenafly High School. After attending Syracuse University he worked at Greene St. Recording in New York City, the home of early hip-hop artists Run-DMC, and Public Enemy. It was here Eric assisted engineer/producer, Rod Hui. That led to a job working with Atlantic Records producer Arif Mardin. Eric has worked with artists such as Flume, Weezer, ODESZA, Twenty One Pilots, Kylie Minogue, Dua Lipa, Chet Faker, Brandy, Becky Hill, Bebe Rexha, Jeff Bhasker, Andy Grammer, Tove Lo, St. Vincent, The Chemical Brothers, Alessia Cara, Demi Lovato, Angus & Julia Stone, Freeform Five, Ruel, Kimbra, The Teskey Brothers, Mansionair, Panama, Hayden James, Meg Mac, Yuka Honda, Flight Facilities, Joss Stone, The Rubens, Marc Kinchen, Lisa Mitchell, Carolina Liar, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni
Carolina Raquel Lithgow-Bertelloni is a geophysicist known for her research on the role of subsurface processes in shaping the Earth. She was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2021. Education and career Lithgow-Bertelloni has a B.Sc. from the University of Puerto Rico (1987) and earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1994. Following her Ph.D., Lithgow-Bertelloni held positions at Universität Göttingen, Georgia Tech, Carnegie Institution of Washington before becoming an assistant professor at the University of Michigan in 1997, where she remained until 2011. She subsequently held multiple positions at University College London, Roma Tre University, and Carnegie Institute of Washington. In 2018, Lithgow-Bertelloni became the Louis B. and Martha B. Slichter Endowed Chair in Geosciences at the University of California, Los Angeles. Research The research done by Lithgow-Bertelloni combines planetary science and geophysics. She is pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himalaya
The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than 100 peaks exceeding elevations of above sea level lie in the Himalayas. The Himalayas abut on or cross territories of six countries: Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan, India and Afghanistan. The sovereignty of the range in the Kashmir region is disputed among India, Pakistan, and China. The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Some of the world's major rivers, the Indus, the Ganges, and the Tsangpo– Brahmaputra, rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people; 53 million people live in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andes
The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long and wide (widest between 18th parallel south, 18°S and 20th parallel south, 20°S latitude) and has an average height of about . The Andes extend from south to north through seven South American countries: Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depression (geology), depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, Mérida, Mérida, El Alto, and La Paz. The Altiplano, Altiplano Plateau is the world's second highest after the Tibetan Plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Island Arc
Island arcs are long archipelago, chains of active volcanoes with intense earthquake, seismic activity found along convergent boundary, convergent plate tectonics, tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have resulted from the descent of the lithosphere into the Earth's mantle, mantle along the subduction zone. They are the principal way by which continental growth is achieved. Island arcs can either be active or inactive based on their seismicity and presence of volcanoes. Active arcs are ridges of recent volcanoes with an associated deep seismic zone. They also possess a distinct curved form, a chain of active or recently extinct volcanoes, a oceanic trench, deep-sea trench, and a large negative Bouguer anomaly on the convex side of the volcanic arc. The small positive gravity anomaly associated with volcanic arcs has been interpreted by many authors as due to the presence of dense volcanic rocks beneath the arc. Inactive arcs are a chain of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subduction
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent boundaries between tectonic plates. Where one tectonic plate converges with a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the other and sinks into the mantle. A region where this process occurs is known as a subduction zone, and its surface expression is known as an arc-trench complex. The process of subduction has created most of the Earth's continental crust. Rates of subduction are typically measured in centimeters per year, with rates of convergence as high as 11 cm/year. Subduction is possible because the cold and rigid oceanic lithosphere is slightly denser than the underlying asthenosphere, the hot, ductile layer in the upper mantle. Once initiated, stable subduction is driven mostly by the negative buoyancy of the dense subducting lithosphere. The down-going slab sinks into the mantle largely under its own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continental Collision
In geology, continental collision is a phenomenon of plate tectonics that occurs at Convergent boundary, convergent boundaries. Continental collision is a variation on the fundamental process of subduction, whereby the subduction zone is destroyed, mountains produced, and two continents sutured together. Continental collision is only known to occur on Earth. Continental collision is not an instantaneous event, but may take several tens of millions of years before the Geologic fault, faulting and Fold (geology), folding caused by collisions stops. Geology of the Himalaya, The collision between Indian plate, India and Eurasian plate, Asia has been going on for about 50 million years already and shows no signs of abating. Collision between East and West Gondwana to form the East African Orogeny, East African Orogen took about 100 million years from beginning (610 Ma) to end (510 Ma). The collision between Gondwana and Laurasia to form Pangea occurred in a relati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Boundary
A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone. These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in the mantle. Convection cells are the result of heat generated by the radioactive decay of elements in the mantle escaping to the surface and the return of cool materials from the surface to the mantle. These convection cells bri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
