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Greek Constitution Of 1973
The Greek Constitution of 1973 () was an amended version of the Greek Constitution of 1968 (which was never fully enacted) by Greek dictator Georgios Papadopoulos, with the aim of abolishing the Greek monarchy. Papadopoulos's rewrite of the 1968 constitution replaced the terms "parliamentary monarchy" and "king" with "republican democracy" and "president of Greece". The constitution was enacted as part of Papadopoulos's failed attempt at liberalisation of his regime, but, like its 1968 predecessor, never fully implemented. Background In early 1973, the Papadopoulos regime experienced for the first time organised protests against its dictatorial government. In February 1973, the Law School student uprising started when law students occupied the Athens Law School protesting against the dictators and was a precursor to the Athens Polytechnic uprising. The public unrest against the regime was followed by an attempted coup against Papadopoulos organised by the Greek Navy. The dictator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Hellenic Republic
The president of Greece, officially the president of the Hellenic Republic (), commonly referred to in Greek as the president of the Republic (, ΠτΔ), is the head of state of Greece. The president is elected by the Hellenic Parliament; the role has been mainly ceremonial since the 1986 constitutional reform. The office was formally established by the Constitution of Greece in 1975, but has antecedents in the Second Hellenic Republic of 1924–1935 and the Greek junta in 1973–1974 which predated the transition to the current Third Hellenic Republic. Powers The president is the nominal commander-in-chief of the Greek Armed Forces and occupies the first place in the country's order of precedence. Although the Greek Constitution of 1974 vested the presidency with considerable powers on paper, in practice presidents took a largely ceremonial role; the prime minister of Greece is the active chief executive of the Greek government and the country's leading political figu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cohabitation
Cohabitation is an arrangement where people who are not legally married live together as a couple. They are often involved in a Romance (love), romantic or Sexual intercourse, sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis. Such arrangements have become increasingly common in Western world, Western countries since the late 20th century, led by changing social views, especially regarding marriage. The term dates from the mid 16th century, being used with this meaning as early as 1530. Social changes leading to increase Cohabitation is a common pattern among people in the Western world. In Europe, the Scandinavia, Scandinavian countries began this trend, although many countries have since followed. Mediterranean Europe has traditionally been very conservative, with religion playing a strong role. Until the mid-1990s, cohabitation levels remained low in this region, but have since increased; for example, in Portugal the majority of children have been born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970s In Greek Politics
Year 197 ( CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town. * Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius. * Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark on an artificial canal between the Tigris a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Junta
The Greek junta or Regime of the Colonels was a Right-wing politics, right-wing military junta that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974. On 21 April 1967, a group of colonels with CIA backing 1967 Greek coup d'état, overthrew the caretaker government a month before 1967 Greek legislative election, scheduled elections which Georgios Papandreou's Centre Union was favoured to win. The dictatorship was characterised by policies such as anti-communism, restrictions on civil liberties, and the imprisonment, torture, and internal exile in Greece, exile of Greek anti-junta movement, political opponents. It was ruled by Georgios Papadopoulos from 1967 to 1973, but an attempt to renew popular support in a 1973 Greek referendum, 1973 referendum on the monarchy and gradual democratisation by Papadopoulos was ended by another coup by the hardliner Dimitrios Ioannidis. Ioannidis ruled until it fell on 24 July 1974 under the pressure of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, leading to the Metapolite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Greece
The Constitution of Greece () was created by the Fifth Revisionary Hellenic Parliament in 1974, after the fall of the Greek junta and the start of the Third Hellenic Republic. It came into force on 11 June 1975 (adopted two days prior) and has been amended in 1986, 2001, 2008 and 2019. The constitutional history of Greece goes back to the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), during which the first three Greek constitutions were adopted by the revolutionary national assemblies. Syntagma Square (''Plateia Syntagmatos'') in Athens is named after the first constitution adopted in the modern Greek State. Context The Constitution consists of 120 articles, in four parts: *The first part (articles 1–3), ''Basic Provisions'', establishes Greece as a '' presidential parliamentary democracy'' (or ''republic'' – the Greek δημοκρατία can be translated both ways), and confirms the prevalence of the Orthodox Church in Greece. *The second part (''Individual and Soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 In Greece
The following lists events that happened during 1973 in Greece. Incumbents *Monarch: Constantine II (until 1 June) *President: Georgios Papadopoulos (1 June to 25 November), Phaedon Gizikis (starting 25 November) *Regent: Georgios Papadopoulos (until 1 June) *Prime Minister: Georgios Papadopoulos (until 8 October), Spyros Markezinis (8 October to 25 November), Adamantios Androutsopoulos (starting 25 November) Events *June 1: Military government abolishes the monarchy. *July 29: Republic referendum held. Abolition of monarchy confirmed. *November 14–17: Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military junta governing the country. The uprising ended in a bloodshed after the intervention of the military. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 In Law
Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 1972 Miami Dolphins season, Miami Dolphins defeated the 1972 Washington Redskins season, Washington Redskins in Super Bowl VII, with the Dolphins ending the season a perfect 17-0. This marked the first and only time that an NFL team has had a perfect undefeated season, an achievement the team holds to this day. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam. * January 17 – Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines. * January 22 ** ''Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, The Sunshine Showdown'': George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the heavyweight world boxing championship in Kingston, Jamaica. ** A Royal Jorda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Referendum, 1974
A referendum on the constitutional form of the state was held in Greece on 8 December 1974.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p830 After the collapse of the military junta that ruled the country since 1967, the longstanding dispute between republicans and monarchists re-emerged. The junta had already held a referendum of dubious integrity the previous year on the same question, producing a vote in favor of a republic, which Georgios Papadopoulos used as a pretext to have himself declared President. However, after the collapse of the military regime and free elections the previous month, the newly elected government of Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis decided to re-run the vote, the junta-era referendum being widely considered both electorally and legally questionable. Despite Karamanlis’ long career in monarchist politics, the government forbade the former King Constantine II from returning to Greece to campaign, but all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martial Law
Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties may be suspended for as long as martial law continues. Most often, martial law is declared in times of war or emergencies such as civil unrest and natural disasters. Alternatively, martial law may be declared in instances of Coup d'état, military coups d'état. Overview Despite the fact that it has been declared frequently throughout history, martial law is still often described as largely elusive as a legal entity. References to martial law date back to 1628 England, when Matthew Hale (jurist), Sir Matthew Hale described martial law as, "no Law, but something indulged rather than allowed as a Law." Despite being centuries old, this quote remains true in many countries around the world today. Most often, the implementation of martial l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Greece
The vice president of Greece was a senior administration official during the metapolitefsi, republican phase of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974, Regime of the Colonels in 1973. After the coup d'état of 21 April 1967, the Hellenic Parliament was dissolved and the nation was ruled by a series of far-right military juntas for the next seven years. Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos, the self-appointed Regent of Greece, abolished the Greek monarchy in June 1973 and declared himself President of Greece, President. Along with the new office of president, the office of vice president was also established and General Odysseas Angelis, then Chief of the Armed Forces, was chosen to occupy the seat. After less than six months, the Papadopoulos regime was ousted by hardliner Brigadier Dimitrios Ioannidis, who installed General Phaedon Gizikis as the new (figurehead and not executive) president. The office of vice president, however, was abolished together with the Greek Constitution of 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adamantios Androutsopoulos
Adamantios Androutsopoulos (; 20 August 1919 – 10 November 2000) was a lawyer and professor. He held various ministerial posts under the Greek military junta of 1967–1974 and was finally appointed as interim Prime Minister of Greece from 1973 to 1974 by junta strongman Dimitrios Ioannides. He was the last Prime Minister appointed under the junta before the 1974 general election that marked a return to civilian rule. He was born in Psari, Messenia, Greece in 1919. He studied at the University of Athens and at the University of Chicago. He never graduated from Chicago but graduated from John Marshall Law School. He was Finance Minister (21 April 1967 – 26 August 1971) and Minister for the Interior (26 August 1971 – 10 May 1973) during the Papadopoulos military régime. When Papadopoulos was overthrown in 1973 by Ioannides, Androutsopoulos was appointed Head of Government (25 November 1973 – 23 July 1974), and also Finance Minister (25 November 1973 – 26 July 1974), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaedon Gizikis
Phaedon Gizikis ( ; 16 June 1917 – 26 July 1999) was a Greek army general who was the last President of Greece under the junta from 1973 to 1974. Early life and military career Born in Volos, Kingdom of Greece, Gizikis was a career Hellenic Army officer. His service number was 21756.Legislative Decree 238/1973, as published in ΦΕΚ (Government Gazette Issue) Α 315/1973 He graduated from the Hellenic Military Academy in 1939, achieving the rank of second lieutenant in artillery, and participated in the Greco-Italian War and the Greek Civil War. In 1967, he supported the Georgios Papadopoulos coup d'état and received a number of senior military posts during the dictatorship that followed. Later life He was given the title of President of the Republic on 25 November 1973, after Papadopoulos was ousted by Dimitrios Ioannidis as head of the regime in an internal power struggle. Three days later, he was promoted to full General (Strategos), a decision he signed himse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
