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Government By Algorithm
Government by algorithm (also known as algorithmic regulation, regulation by algorithms, algorithmic governance, algocratic governance, algorithmic legal order or algocracy) is an alternative form of government or social ordering where the usage of computer algorithms is applied to regulations, law enforcement, and generally any aspect of everyday life such as transportation or land registration.. The term "government by algorithm" has appeared in academic literature as an alternative for "algorithmic governance" in 2013. A related term, algorithmic regulation, is defined as setting the standard, monitoring and modifying behaviour by means of computational algorithmsautomation of judiciary is in its scope. Government by algorithm raises new challenges that are not captured in the e-government literature and the practice of public administration. Some sources equate cyberocracy, which is a hypothetical Government#Forms, form of government that rules by the effective use of inform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulation Of Algorithms
Regulation of algorithms, or algorithmic regulation, is the creation of laws, rules and public sector policies for promotion and regulation of algorithms, particularly in artificial intelligence and machine learning. For the subset of AI algorithms, the term regulation of artificial intelligence is used. The regulatory and policy landscape for artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging issue in jurisdictions globally, including in the European Union. Regulation of AI is considered necessary to both encourage AI and manage associated risks, but challenging. Another emerging topic is the regulation of blockchain algorithms (Use of the smart contracts must be regulated) and is mentioned along with regulation of AI algorithms. Many countries have enacted High-frequency trading#Regulation and enforcement, regulations of high frequency trades, which is shifting due to technological progress into the realm of AI algorithms. The motivation for regulation of algorithms is the apprehensio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur M
Arthur is a masculine given name of uncertain etymology. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur. In Spanish and Italian it is Arturo. Etymology The earliest attestation of the name Arthur is in the early 9th century Welsh-Latin text '' Historia Brittonum'', where it refers to a circa 5th century Romano-British general who fought against the invading Saxons, and who later gave rise to the famous King Arthur of medieval legend and literature. A possible earlier mention of the same man is to be found in the epic Welsh poem '' Y Gododdin'' by Aneirin, which some scholars assign to the late 6th century, though this is still a matter of debate and the poem only survives in a late 13th century manuscript entitled the Book of Aneirin. A 9th-century Breton landowner named Arthur witnessed several charters collected in the '' Cartulary of Redon''. The Iris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Towards A New Socialism
''Towards a New Socialism'' is a 1993 non-fiction book written by Scottish computer scientist Paul Cockshott, co-authored by Scottish economics professor Allin F. Cottrell. The book outlines in detail a proposal for a complex planned socialist economy, taking inspiration from cybernetics, the works of Karl Marx, and British operations research scientist Stafford Beer's 1973 model of a distributed decision support system dubbed Project Cybersyn. Aspects of a socialist society such as direct democracy, foreign trade and property relations are also explored. The book is, in the authors' words, "our attempt to answer the idea that socialism is dead and buried after the demise of the Soviet Union." The book was covered in an article in ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' in 2017, as well as reviewed by Leonard Brewster in the Spring 2004 issue of the '' Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics.'' Contents The book is divided into 15 chapters, excluding the introduction: # Inequality # El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wake Forest University
Wake Forest University (WFU) is a private research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1834, the university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest, north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Reynolda Campus, the university's main campus, has been located north of downtown Winston-Salem since the university moved there in 1956. Wake Forest also maintains other academic campuses or facilities in Charlotte, North Carolina; Washington, D.C.; Venice; Vienna; and London. Wake Forest's undergraduate and graduate schools include the School of Business, School of Arts and Sciences, School of Professional Studies, School of Divinity, School of Law, and School of Medicine. There are over 250 student clubs and organizations at the university, including fraternities and sororities, intramural sports, a student newspaper and a radio station. The university is classified among " R2: Doctoral Universities – High Research Spending and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as ''Glas.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals; ) is a Public university, public research university in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded by papal bull in , it is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four Ancient universities of Scotland, ancient universities. Along with the universities of University of St Andrews, St Andrews, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the university was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. Glasgow is the List of universities in Scotland, second largest university in Scotland by total enrolment and -largest in the United Kingdom. In common with universities of the pre-modern era, Glasgow originally educated students primarily from wealthy backgrounds; however, it became a pioneer in British higher education in the 19th century by also providing for the needs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Cockshott
William Paul Cockshott (born 16 March 1952) is a Scottish academic in the fields of computer science and Marxist economics. He is a Reader at the University of Glasgow. Since 1993 he has authored multiple works in the tradition of scientific socialism, most notably ''Towards a New Socialism'' and ''How the World Works''. Scientific career Cockshott earned a BA in economics (1974) from Manchester University, an MSc (1976) in computer science from Heriot Watt University and a PhD in computer science from Edinburgh University (1982). He has made contributions in the fields of image compression, 3D television, parallel compilers and medical imaging, but became known to a wider audience for his proposals in the multi-disciplinary area of economic computability, most notably as co-author, along the economist , of the book ''Towards a New Socialism'', in which they strongly advocate the use of cybernetics for efficient and democratic planning of a complex socialist econ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expert Systems
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by Automated reasoning system, reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as Rule-based system, if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code. Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks. An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a ''knowledge base'', which represents facts and rules; and 2) an ''inference engine'', which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities. History Early development Soon after the dawn of modern computers in the late 1940s and early 1950s, researche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert A
Herbert may refer to: People * Herbert (musician), a pseudonym of Matthew Herbert * Herbert (given name) * Herbert (surname) Places Antarctica * Herbert Mountains, Coats Land * Herbert Sound, Graham Land Australia * Herbert, Northern Territory, a rural locality * Herbert, South Australia. former government town * Division of Herbert, an electoral district in Queensland * Herbert River, a river in Queensland * County of Herbert, a cadastral unit in South Australia Canada * Herbert, Saskatchewan, Canada, a town * Herbert Road, St. Albert, Canada New Zealand * Herbert, New Zealand, a town * Mount Herbert (New Zealand) United States * Herbert, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Herbert, Michigan, a former settlement * Herbert Creek, a stream in South Dakota * Herbert Island, Alaska Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Herbert (Disney character) * Herbert Pocket, a character in the Charles Dickens novel ''Great Expectations'' * Herbert West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidency Of Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende was the president of Chile from 1970 until Death of Salvador Allende, his suicide in 1973, and head of the Popular Unity (Chile), Popular Unity government; he was a Socialist Party of Chile, Socialist and the first Marxism, Marxist elected to the national presidency of a liberal democracy in Latin America.Don MabryAllende's Rise and Fall''. In August 1973 the Senate of Chile, Chilean Senate declared the Allende administration to be "unlawful," Allende's presidency was ended by 1973 Chilean coup d'état, a military coup before the end of his term. During Allende's three years, Chile gradually transitioned into a socialist state. During his tenure, Chilean politics reached a state of civil unrest amid political polarization, hyperinflation, lockouts, United States intervention in Chile, economic sanctions, CIA-sponsored interventionism and a Tanquetazo, failed coup in June 1973. Allende's coalition, Unidad Popular, faced the problem of being a minority in the cong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decision Support System
A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance—i.e., unstructured and semi-structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized or human-powered, or a combination of both. While academics have perceived DSS as a tool to support decision making processes, DSS users see DSS as a tool to facilitate organizational processes. Some authors have extended the definition of DSS to include any system that might support decision making and some DSS include a decision-making software component; Sprague (1980)Sprague, R;(1980).A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems" MIS Quarterly. Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 1–25. defines a properly termed D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidency Of Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende was the president of Chile from 1970 until Death of Salvador Allende, his suicide in 1973, and head of the Popular Unity (Chile), Popular Unity government; he was a Socialist Party of Chile, Socialist and the first Marxism, Marxist elected to the national presidency of a liberal democracy in Latin America.Don MabryAllende's Rise and Fall''. In August 1973 the Senate of Chile, Chilean Senate declared the Allende administration to be "unlawful," Allende's presidency was ended by 1973 Chilean coup d'état, a military coup before the end of his term. During Allende's three years, Chile gradually transitioned into a socialist state. During his tenure, Chilean politics reached a state of civil unrest amid political polarization, hyperinflation, lockouts, United States intervention in Chile, economic sanctions, CIA-sponsored interventionism and a Tanquetazo, failed coup in June 1973. Allende's coalition, Unidad Popular, faced the problem of being a minority in the cong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
