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Gottschalk V. Benson
''Gottschalk v. Benson'', 409 U.S. 63 (1972), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a process claim directed to a numerical algorithm, as such, was not patentable because "the patent would ''wholly pre-empt'' the mathematical formula and in practical effect would be a patent on the algorithm itself." That would be tantamount to allowing a patent on an abstract idea, contrary to precedent dating back to the middle of the 19th century. The ruling stated "Direct attempts to patent programs have been rejected [and] indirect attempts to obtain patents and avoid the rejection ... have confused the issue further and should not be permitted."''Gottschalk'', 409 U.S. at 72 (citing "To Promote the Progress of . . . Useful Arts," Report of the President's Commission on the Patent System (1966)). The case was argued on October 16, 1972, and was decided November 20, 1972. Prior history The case revolves around a patent applica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloomberg BNA
Bloomberg Industry Group, Inc. (formerly known as Bloomberg BNA, The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., and BNA) is an affiliate of Bloomberg L.P. and a source of legal, tax, regulatory, and business news and information for professionals. It is headquartered in the Crystal City, Virginia, Crystal City section of Arlington County, Virginia. The CEO of the company is Josh Eastright. The company was founded in 1929 by David Lawrence (publisher), David Lawrence and became employee-owned in 1947. When it was acquired by Bloomberg in September 2011, it was the oldest employee-owned company in the United States. History Early history (1929–2011) The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (BNA) was founded in 1929 by newsman David Lawrence as a subsidiary of ''United States Daily'', now known as the ''U.S. News & World Report''. BNA's first publication was U.S. Patent, Trademark & Copyright Reports (now United States Patent Quarterly). In 1946, Lawrence sold BNA to five of his top edi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invention
An invention is a unique or novelty (patent), novel machine, device, Method_(patent), method, composition, idea, or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It may also be an entirely new concept. If an idea is unique enough either as a stand-alone invention or as a significant improvement over the work of others, it can be patented. A patent, if granted, gives the inventor a proprietary interest in the patent over a specific period of time, which can be licensed for financial gain. An inventor creates or discovers an invention. The word ''inventor'' comes from the Latin verb ''invenire'', ''invent-'', to find. Although inventing is closely associated with science and engineering, inventors are not necessarily engineers or scientists. The ideation process may be augmented by the applications of algorithms and methods from the domain collectively known as evolutionary robotics, artificial intellige ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Supreme Court Cases
This page serves as an index of lists of United States Supreme Court cases. The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States. By chief justice Court historians and other legal scholars consider each chief justice who presides over the Supreme Court of the United States to be the head of an era of the Court. These lists are sorted chronologically by chief justice and include most major cases decided by the court. * Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth Courts (October 19, 1789 – December 15, 1800) * Marshall Court (February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835) * Taney Court (March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864) * Chase Court (December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873) * Waite Court (March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888) * Fuller Court (October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910) * White Court (December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921) * Taft Court (July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930) * Hughes Court (February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941) * St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Patent Case Law
This is a list of notable patent law cases in the United States in chronological order. The cases have been decided notably by the United States Supreme Court, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) or the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (BPAI). While the Federal Circuit (CAFC) sits below the Supreme Court in the hierarchy of U.S. federal courts, patent cases only have the right of appeal to the Federal Circuit. The U.S. Supreme Court will only review cases on a discretionary basis and rarely decides patent cases. Unless overruled by a Supreme Court case, Federal Circuit decisions can dictate the results of both patent prosecution and litigation as they are universally binding on all United States district courts and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. An incomplete list of United States Supreme Court patent case law can be found here. Early cases (before 1900) *'' Tyler v. Tuel'' - Supreme Court, 1810. Held that an assignee of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Patent Case Law
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital computers in the mid-20th century. Early programs were written in the machine language specific to the hardware. The introduction of high-level programming languages in 1958 allowed for more human-readable instructions, making software development easier and more portable across different computer architectures. Software in a programming language is run through a compiler or interpreter to execute on the architecture's hardware. Over time, software has become complex, owing to developments in networking, operating systems, and databases. Software can generally be categorized into two main types: # operating systems, which manage hardware resources and provide services for applications # application software, which performs specific tasks for users The rise of cloud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford Law Review
The ''Stanford Law Review'' (SLR) is a legal journal produced independently by Stanford Law School students. The journal was established in 1948 with future U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher as its first president. The review produces six issues yearly between January and June and regularly publishes short-form content on the ''Stanford Law Review Online''. Admissions The ''Stanford Law Review'' selects members based on a competitive exercise that tests candidates on their editing skills and legal writing ability. There is not a firm number of accepted candidates each year; recent classes of new editors have ranged from about 40 to 45. The candidate exercise is distributed to candidates late in their first year at the law school. Transfer students are also eligible for admission through the same process. Rankings Among United States law journals'', Stanford Law Review'' is ranked third by Washington and Lee University Law School and third by a professor at the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Corp
Alice may refer to: * Alice (name), most often a feminine given name, but also used as a surname Literature * Alice (''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''), a character in books by Lewis Carroll * ''Alice'' series, children's and teen books by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor * ''Alice'' (Hermann book), a 2009 short story collection by Judith Hermann Computers * Alice (computer chip), a graphics engine chip in the Amiga computer in 1992 * Alice (programming language), a functional programming language designed by the Programming Systems Lab at Saarland University * Alice (software), an object-oriented programming language and IDE developed at Carnegie Mellon * Alice (Microsoft), an AI project at Microsoft for improving decision-making in economics * Alice mobile robot * Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity, an open-source chatterbot * Matra Alice, a home micro-computer marketed in France * Alice, a brand name used by Telecom Italia for internet and telephone services V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilski V
Bilski (feminine: Bilska) is a Polish toponymic surname derived from one of places named Bilsko. It may also be derived from " Bielski".https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=bilski Notable people with the surname include: * Arkadiusz Bilski (born 1973), Polish football manager and former player * Benjamin Bilski *Bernard L. Bilski, lead petitioner in the 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case '' Bilski v. Kappos'' and appellant its 2008 Federal Circuit predecessor case ''In re Bilski ''In re Bilski'', 545 F.3d 943, 88 U.S.P.Q.2d 1385 (Fed. Cir. 2008), was an ''en banc'' decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) on the patenting of method claims, particularly business methods. The court ...'' *Olha Bilska, birth name of Olha Petliura (1885-1959), spouse of Ukrainian political leader Symon Petliura See also * * References {{surname, Bielski Polish-language surnames Toponymic surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CyberSource Corp
Cybersource is an American payment gateway founded in 1994. In November 2007, Cybersource acquired the U.S. small business payment services provider Authorize.net for $565 million. On April 22, 2010, Visa Inc. acquired Cybersource for $2 billion.{{Cite news, last=Martin, first=Andrew, url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/business/22visa.html, title=Visa Buys Cybersource for $2 Billion, date=2010-04-21, work=The New York Times, access-date=2020-04-17, language=en-US, issn=0362-4331 See also *List of on-line payment service providers The following is a list of notable online payment service providers and payment gateway providing companies, their platform base and the countries they offer services in: (POS -- Point of Sale) See also * Payment gateway A payment gateway ... References Companies based in Foster City, California Visa acquisitions American companies established in 1994 Financial services companies established in 1994 1994 establishments in Calif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Patent
A software patent is a patent on a piece of software, such as a computer program, library, user interface, or algorithm. The validity of these patents can be difficult to evaluate, as software is often at once a product of engineering, something typically eligible for patents, and an abstract concept, which is typically not. This gray area, along with the difficulty of patent evaluation for intangible, technical works such as libraries and algorithms, makes software patents a frequent subject of controversy and litigation. Different jurisdictions have radically different policies concerning software patents, including a blanket ban, no restrictions, or attempts to distinguish between purely mathematical constructs and "embodiments" of these constructs. For example, an algorithm itself may be judged unpatentable, but its use in software judged patentable. Background A patent is a set of exclusionary rights granted by a state to a patent holder for a limited period of time, usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of United States Supreme Court Cases, Volume 409
This is a list of all United States Supreme Court cases from volume 409 of the ''United States Reports The ''United States Reports'' () are the official record (law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner ( ...'': External links {{SCOTUSCases, 409 1972 in United States case law 1973 in United States case law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Re Bilski
''In re Bilski'', 545 F.3d 943, 88 U.S.P.Q.2d 1385 (Fed. Cir. 2008), was an ''en banc'' decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) on the patenting of method claims, particularly business methods. The court affirmed the rejection of the patent claims involving a method of hedging risks in commodities trading, as non- patentable subject matter. Most importantly, the Court concluded, that machine-or-transformation test "was proper test to apply to determine patent-eligibility of process", and that the “useful, concrete and tangible result” of '' State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group'' and AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc. should no longer be relied upon. In '' In re Ferguson'', 558 F.3d 1359, 1364–65 (Fed. Cir. 2009), the Federal Circuit spoke of the ''Bilski'' case as setting forth "this court's clear statements that the 'sole,' 'definitive,' 'applicable,' 'governing,' and 'proper' test for a process claim under § 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
