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Goral Dialect
Goral, less frequently called Highlander or Highland Polish, is an ethnolect of the Lechitic group, more specifically of the Lesser Poland dialect group spoken by the Gorals. Its vocabulary was significantly influenced by many languages like Slovak, Rusyn, Hungarian, Romanian and German, being common vocabulary of the Carpathian region. Some consider Goral to be a microlanguage, alongside Silesian and to a lesser extent Masurian. The term ''Goral'' derives from the Slavic word for ''mountain'' (, ) and the noun-forming suffix denoting people ''-al''. The Goral ethnolect is often equated to the Podhale dialect; however, this is only one of the many Goral dialects. Transcription Goral orthography is fairly unstandardized and may vary significantly dialect-to-dialect, most notably in the writing of the slanted vowels. Phonology There is a tendency to reduce the number of phonemes in the phonological system of Goral, usually by raised the historic slanted vowels, by me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorals
The Gorals (; Goral ethnolect: ''Górole''; ; Cieszyn Silesian dialect, Cieszyn Silesian: ''Gorole''), also anglicized as the Highlanders, are an ethnographic group with historical ties to the Vlachs. The Goral people are primarily found in their traditional area of southern Poland, northern Slovakia – especially Orava (region), Orava, Spiš and Zamagurie, and in the region of Cieszyn Silesia in the Czech Republic, where they are known as the Silesian Gorals. There is also a significant Goral diaspora in the area of Bukovina in western Ukraine and northern Romania, as well as in Chicago which is the seat of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America. History The Gorals as a separate ethnographic subgroup began to form in the 14th century with the arrival of the first Polish People, Polish settlers from Lesser Poland, who would settle and farm the lands around what is today Nowy Targ and along the Dunajec valley beginning in the early twelve hundreds. Prior to that, Podhal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Map Of Goral Dialects
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension. Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface. History Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zagórze Dialect
The Zagórze dialect () also known as the Gorce dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. It borders the Podhale dialect to the south, the Kliszczak dialect to the west, the Kraków dialect to the north and the Goral and Lachy Sącz dialects to the east. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent can be heard in the northern part of this dialect. Vowels -e- may be inserted between some consonant clusters: meter (metr). ił, il can lower to -eł, -el, with retention of softening of the previous consonant: robieł (robił). The so-called “Podhalanian archaism” is partially present here; after etymological cz, ż, sz (now c, z, s) as well as after etymological cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spisz Dialect
The Spisz dialect () belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. It borders the Podhale dialect to the northwest. The Spisz dialect is found partially in Poland (14 settlements) and partially in Slovakia (33 settlements). It is one of the dialects belonging to the Goral group. Often spiska was considered part of Podhale dialectally. Due to its geographic position, effects from neighboring dialects and Slovakian can be seen in this dialect, causing ununiformity across the region. Many of the features here have varying levels of intensity depending on the given idiolect, but generally the usage of dialect here is strong and well preserved amongst older speakers. This article is about the Spisz dialect found in Poland, not in Slovakia. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podhale Dialect
The Podhale dialect () belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. It borders the Orawa dialect to the west, the Kliszczak dialect to the north, and the Spisz dialect and Zagórze dialect to the east. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent is found here: ‘pôwiadajom (powia’dają). Vowels i is retained after rz, which is pronounced as y in Standard Polish, or may shift to ś, ‘warziwa (warzywa), psinieśli (przynieśli). Most famously, the so-called “Podhalanian archaism” is present here; after etymological cz, ż, sz (now c, z, s) as well as after etymological cy, zy, sy, i is retained, which is the original pronunciation: dzisiyjs-im (dzisiejszym). This is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orawa Dialect
The Orawa dialect () belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in part of Poland and Slovakia. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. It borders the Żywiec dialect to the far northwest, the Babia Góra dialect to the north, and the Podhale dialect to the east. The Orawa dialect is partially Poland with 14 settlements, and partially in Slovakia with 11. The use of dialect here is strong, and the effects of Standard Polish are weaker than in other regions. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent is common here. Vowels Ablaut is often levelled: mietła (miotła). Slanted vowels Slanted vowels are generally retained: tráwa (trawa), wóz (in Stan. Pol. pronounced as wuz, here as wóz), and é has merged with y after both hard and sof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żywiec Dialect
The Żywiec dialect () belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is spoken in Lesser Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. It borders the Podegrodzie dialect to the northeast, the Orawa dialect to the east, and Silesian to the northwest. In the past this region was often considered a subregion of neighboring areas, having been much affected by them, as well as by foreign languages, namely Czech, Slovak, German, Carpathian Rusyn, and Hungarian. Żywiecczyzna is a strongly varied dialect and is able to be divided into three regions: a south-east region, a south-west region, and a northern region. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. In the south, word-initial stress in both words and prepositional phrases is common, and in the north, both penulti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piwniczna Dialect
The Piwniczna dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the southern part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Vowels -e- may be inserted between some consonant clusters. The group eł shifts to oł, and ił/ył shifts to uł both tautosyllabically and heterosyllabically. The Lechitic ablaut is often absent before hard dental consonants. Slanted vowels Slanted á raises to o. Slanted é raises to y after both hard and soft consonants. Slanted ó is retained as ó. Nasal vowels Medial -ę- decomposes to yN before non-sibilant consonants, and medial -ą- to oN. Before sibilants, nasality is retained for both. Final -ę denasalizes to -e, and final -ą can be nasal -ǫ or -o in the th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łącko Dialect
The Łącko dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the southern part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent is present here. Vowels The group eł shifts to oł, and ił/ył shifts to uł both tautosyllabically and heterosyllabically. Slanted vowels Slanted á is retained as á or raises to o. Slanted é raises to y after both hard and soft consonants. Slanted ó is retained as ó. Nasal vowels The nasal vowels in the Łącko dialect approached one another in realization, but never fully merged. ę both medially and finally shifts to -o, and ą to ó, except instrumental feminine singular of nouns, where it is -om. The groups eN and aN both shift to oN. Prothesis I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieniny Dialect
The Pieniny dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent is present here. Vowels The Lechitic ablaut is often absent before hard dental consonants. -e- may be inserted between some consonant clusters. The so-called “Podhalanian archaism” is absent here. Slanted vowels Slanted á is retained as á or more frequently raises to o. Slanted é raises to y after both hard and soft consonants. Slanted ó is retained as ó. Nasal vowels Nasal vowels show much variety between generations and location. Most commonly today, medial ę become oN, medial ą becomes óN, except when they are before a sibilant, in which case they shift ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kliszczak Dialect
The Kliszczak dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the southern part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Vowels -e- may be inserted between some consonant clusters: meter (metr). Notably, a common to the region shift of ił, il > to -eł, -el/-ył, -yl is absent here. i was retained after rz by older speakers, but now merges with y. The Lechitic ablaut is often absent before hard dental consonants. The so-called “Podhalanian archaism” is partially present here; after etymological cz, ż, sz (now c, z, s) as well as after etymological cy, zy, sy, i is retained. Slanted vowels Slanted á is retained as á or raises to o, but is more commonly raised as to o, especially since t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
