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Gold Sword For Bravery
The Gold Sword for Bravery () was a Russian award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished in 1917. From 1913 to 1917 it was renamed the Saint George Sword (''Георгиевское оружие'') and considered one of the grades of the Order of St. George. Gallery File:Fedor Fedorovich von Berg (by J. M. Strzałecki).jpg, Field marshal Friedrich W. Rembert von Berg with the Gold Sword for Bravery File:Александр II стоит в мундире. 1878~1879г Левицкий(Невский28) (2) X e1.jpg, Tsar Alexander II of Russia with the Gold Sword for Bravery File:Kramskoy Alexander III.jpg, Tsar Alexander III of Russia with the Gold Sword for Bravery File:Mannerheim i rysk uniform.jpg, Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman. He served a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Wittgenstein
Louis Adolf Peter, 1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg (; ; ''Pyotr Christianovitch Wittgenstein''; – 11 June 1843), better known as Peter Wittgenstein in English, was a prince of the German dynasty of Sayn-Wittgenstein and field marshal in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic Wars. He was nicknamed the ''Saviour of Saint-Petersburg''. Early life Born Ludwig Adolf Peter Graf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg, he was descended from a family of ruling German Counts whose seat was in Berleburg (present day North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). His parents were Count Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his first wife, Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein (1740–1771). Military career Enrolled as a sergeant in the Semyonovsky Regiment of the Imperial Russian Army at the age of 12 in 1781, Wittgenstein began actual military service as a Wachtmeister in the Life Guard Horse Regiment in 1789. In 1793 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyotr Kitkin
Pyotr Pavlovich Kitkin () (12 June 1877 – 18 September 1954) was a Russian military commander in the First and Second World Wars, being promoted twice to Rear Admiral, once by the Imperial Russian Navy on 28 July 1917, and once by the Soviet Navy, on 5 November 1944. Biography Tsarist naval officer In 1896 Kitkin graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps, and on 25 September 1896, was promoted to midshipman with the appointment to the Black Sea Fleet and was enlisted in the 29th naval crew. Between 1896 and 1899 he served on the battleships ''Chesma'' and ''Georgii Pobedonosets'', the cruiser ''Pamiat Merkuria'', the minesweeper ''Ingul'' and the training ship . In 1899 he was a flag officer on the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet's practical squadron. In September 1899, he attended the a mine officer classes, and on 7 September 1900 was appointed a mine officer of the 2nd rank. Between 1900 and 1901 he served as a mine officer aboard the gunboat . Promoted to lieutenant in Janu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Kolchak
Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (; – 7 February 1920) was a Russian navy officer and polar explorer who led the White movement in the Russian Civil War. As he assumed the title of Supreme Ruler of Russia in 1918, Kolchak headed a military dictatorship, which ruled over the territory of the former Russian Empire controlled by the Whites. He was a proponent of Russian nationalism and militarism, while he opposed democracy as a principle which he believed to be tied to pacifism, internationalism, and socialism. As the principal leader of the White movement, he was one of the key architects of the White Terror. Kolchak served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. The son of a naval artillery officer, Kolchak graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps and went on to become an accomplished oceanographer and Arctic explorer. He was involved in several expeditions to northern Russia, including the New Siberian Islands, and became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (, ; – 7 August 1947) was a Russian military leader who served as the Supreme Ruler of Russia, acting supreme ruler of the Russian State and the commander-in-chief of the White movement–aligned armed forces of South Russia (1919–1920), South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923. Previously, he was a general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. Childhood Denikin was born on 16 December 1872, in the village of Szpetal Dolny, part of the city Włocławek in Warsaw Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Poland). His father, Ivan Efimovich Denikin, had been born a serf in the province of Saratov. Sent as a recruit to do 25 years of military service, the elder Denikin became an officer in the 22nd year of his army service in 1856. He retired from the army in 1869 with the rank of major. In 1869, Ivan Denikin married Polish seamstress Elżbieta Wrzesińska as his second wife. Anton Denikin, the couple's only child, spoke bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Nadyozhny
Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny (; , Nizhny Novgorod - 22 February 1945, Moscow) was a commander in the Russian Imperial Army who later joined the Red Army. He rose to lieutenant general and fought in the First World War and Russian Civil War, commanding the Red Army's northern front in the latter. Early life Nadyozhny was born into a noble family from Nizhny Novgorod and graduated from the 1st Military Pavolvsky School in 1892. He was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the 14th Georgian grenadier regiment, and later transferred to the 10th Siberian Rifles. During the Russo-Japanese War he served as a staff captain and was awarded the Order of St George. Shortly before the outbreak of World War I he was a military adviser in Mongolia. World War I When the war began, Nadyozhny was assigned command of the 40th Kolyvan Infantry Regiment. In 1915 he was promoted to Major General, and by 1916 he was chief of staff to the 69th Infantry Regiment. Russian Civil War Nadyozhny joined the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksey Brusilov
Aleksei Alekseyevich Brusilov (, ; rus, Алексей Алексеевич Брусилов, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ brʊˈsʲiɫəf; – 17 March 1926) was a Russian and later Soviet general most noted for the development of new offensive tactics used in the 1916 Brusilov offensive, which was his greatest achievement. Born into an aristocratic military family, Brusilov trained as a cavalry officer, but by 1914 had realized that cavalry was obsolete in an offensive capacity against modern weapons of warfare such as mass adoption of rifled guns, machine guns, and artillery. He is considered a very outstanding general who won many battles against the Austro-Hungarian army. His Brusilov offensive, offensive in 1916 was the final major success of the Tsarist army. In the government, this offensive meant the transfer of the strategic initiative to the Russians and the beginning of preparations for the general offensive of 1917, which, however, was disrupted by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yegor Tolstoy
Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy ; 19 July 1802 – 12 March 1874) was an Imperial Russian lieutenant-general, senator, and governor of Taganrog, Kaluga, and Penza. Military career Son of Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Yegor Tolstoy was born on 9 July 1802 (Old Style) in the Tolstoy family. He received home education and in 1819 enrolled to serve in the Uglitsk regiment. In 1821, he was transferred into the regiment of chasseurs of the Leib Guards. Tolstoy was aide-de-camp to general Alexander von Neidgart, and was stationed in Laibach (Ljubljana) during the Congress, where he was appointed head of the Russian headquarters of the detachment against Piedmont. In 1826, Count Tolstoy participated in the Russo-Persian War, 1826–1828, serving as aide de camp to Mayor-General Prince Aleksandr Sergeyevich Menshikov. On 21 April 1827 Tolstoy was appointed aide de camp to the Emperor Nicholas I of Russia. During the campaign of Russo-Turkish War, 1828–1829, he was awarded with an O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasili Bebutov
Vasili Osipovich Bebutov (, ) (1 January 1791 – 7 April 1858) was an Imperial Russian general and a member of an Armenian noble family of Bebutashvili/Bebutov. Bebutov was in the military since 1809. Served in the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812 and the Patriotic War of 1812. Since 1816 he was Adjutant General of the H. I. M. Retinue and served with A. P. Yermolov. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29 he participated in the takeover of Akhaltsikhe and commanded the defense thereof against an attempt by Ahmed Pasha of Adjara to recapture it for the Ottomans. In 1830 he was made the governor of the Armenian Oblast. From 1844 to 1847 he fought Imam Shamil. He was awarded the Order of Saint George of the second degree on 6 December 1853 for his services after he defeated the Ottomans in the battle of Başgedikler during the Crimean War. Bebutov was appointed the Russian Commander-in-Chief in Asia in 1855, replacing General Muravyov. Honours and awards * Order of St. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky
Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Karsky (; 13 August 1794 – 4 November 1866) was an Imperial Russian military officer and General of the Russian Army. A member of the mighty Muravyov family. He became famous for the capture of Kars in the Crimean War, for which he was unofficially nicknamed Karsky ("of Kars"). Biography He founded a circle in Moscow that aimed to establish a republic on Sakhalin Island and was a member of the Sacred Artel circle (St. Petersburg, 1814–17; many members of both circles became Decembrists). In 1816 he was seconded to the commander of the Separate Georgian (from 1820 Separate Caucasian) Corps Lieutenant-General A. P. Yermolov, in 1817 he travelled to Persia as part of an extraordinary embassy. Muravyov took part in an expedition to the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, negotiated with the Khan of Khiva on trade between the khanate and Russia (1819–20). Muravyov fought well at Akhaltsikhe in the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) and distinguis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (; ) was a Russian nobleman and field-marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic Wars and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853. Early life Vorontsov was born on 30 May 1782, in Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire. He was the only son of Ekaterina Alekseevna Seniavina and Count Semyon Vorontsov. Mikail and his sister, Catherine (who later became the wife of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke), spent their childhood and youth with his father in London, where his father was the Russian Ambassador to Great Britain. He was the nephew of Imperial Chancellor Alexander Vorontsov, Elizaveta Vorontsova and Princess Dashkova, a friend of Catherine the Great and a conspirator in the ''coup d'état'' that deposed Tsar Peter III and put his wife on the throne. Career From 1803 to 1804, he served in the Caucasus under Pavel Tsitsianov and Gulyakov. From 1805 to 1807, he served in the Napoleonic Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov
Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov (, ; – , Warsaw) was a Russian General of the Artillery from the Gorchakov family, who commanded the Russian forces in the latter stages of the Crimean War and later served as a Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland from 1856 until his death. His military career included remarkable successes, such as the Battle of the Great Redan, as well as significant setbacks, such as the Battle of the Chernaya. Life and career Mikhail and his brother Pyotr Gorchakov were the children of a notable writer Prince Dmitri Petrovich Gorchakov and his wife Natalie Boborykina. Mikhail entered the Russian army in 1807 as a cadet of the Leub Guard Artillery battalion. In 1809 in the rank of lieutenant he took part in the campaigns against Persia. During the Napoleonic Wars he distinguished himself at Borodino (received the Order of St. Vladimir of 4th degree) and at Bautzen (received the Order of St. Anna of 2nd degree, the Prussian Order Pour le Mérite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
