|
Glyptapanteles Porthetriae
''Glyptapanteles'' is a genus of endoparasitoid wasps found in all continents, except Antarctica. The larvae of ''Glyptapanteles'' species are able to manipulate their hosts into serving as bodyguards. Reproduction Female ''Glyptapanteles'' oviposit into caterpillar hosts. The caterpillar continues to grow and feed normally until the 4th or 5th instar, whereupon up to 80 fully grown larvae emerge from its body to pupate. Some species parasitized by ''Glyptapanteles'' include ''Lymantria dispar'', ''Chrysodeixis chalcites,'' ''Thyrinteina leucocerae'' (both pictured), and ''Acronicta rumicis''. According to a study done in South Korea on the species ''G. liparidis,'' the parasitoid tends to prefer to feed on the second-instar ''A. rumicis'' larva, indicating that the stage of caterpillar life may have significant role in maximizing nutrient intake. Behavior alteration After the larvae of ''Glyptapanteles'' sp. emerge, the caterpillar takes up position near the cocoons of the pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thyrinteina Leucocerae
''Thyrinteina'' is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae species description, first described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1890. ''Thyrinteina leucocerae'' caterpillars are parasitized by ''Glyptapanteles'' parasitic wasps which inject their eggs into the caterpillar. When wasp larvae are fully grown they exit the caterpillar and pupate nearby. The caterpillar then covers them in silk and will defend the pupating wasps with violent head swings. Species *''Thyrinteina arnobia'' (Stoll, 1782) *''Thyrinteina leucocerae'' References * Geometridae genera Articles containing video clips {{Nacophorini-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acronicta Rumicis
''Acronicta rumicis'', the knot grass moth, is a species of moth which is part of the genus ''Acronicta'' and family Noctuidae. It was species description, first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. It is found in the Palearctic region. ''A. rumicis'' lives and feeds on plants located in wide-open areas. At its larval stage, as a caterpillar, it causes such a large impact as a crop pest that it has received much attention and research. ''A. rumicis'' feeds on maize, strawberries and other herbaceous plants. The moth's evolution has been affected by the industrial melanism that occurred in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, causing a dramatic increase in two aberrations (''salicin'' and ''lugubris''), which have darker grey wings. Today, ''A. rumicis'' is important to conservation efforts in the United Kingdom, because, like many other species, it is in decline. However, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braconidae Genera
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis estimated a total between 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include ''Aerophilus'', ''Aleiodes'', ''Apanteles'', ''Asobara'', ''Bracon (wasp), Bracon'', ''Cenocoelius'', ''Chaenusa'', ''Chorebus'', ''Cotesia'', ''Dacnusa'', ''Diachasma'', ''Dimeris'', ''Microgaster'', ''Opius'', ''Parapanteles'', ''Phaenocarpa'', ''Spathius'', and ''Syntretus.'' These fall into two major groups, informally called the cyclostomes and noncyclostomes. In cyclostome braconids, the Labrum (arthropod mouthpart), labrum and the lower part of the Clypeus (arthropod anatomy), clypeus are concave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microgastrinae
Microgastrinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps, encompassing almost 3,000 described species, with an estimated 30,000–50,000 total species. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. Genera These 84 genera belong to the subfamily Microgastrinae: * '' Agupta'' Fernandez-Triana, 2018 * '' Alloplitis'' Nixon, 1965 * '' Alphomelon'' Mason, 1981 * '' Apanteles'' Förster, 1862 * '' Austinicotesia'' Fernandez-Triana, 2018 * '' Austrocotesia'' Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 * '' Beyarslania'' Koçak & Kemal, 2009 * '' Billmasonius'' Fernandez-Triana, 2018 * '' Buluka'' de Saeger, 1948 * '' Carlmuesebeckius'' Fernandez-Triana, 2018 * '' Chaoa'' Luo & You, 2004 * '' Choeras'' Mason, 1981 * '' Clarkinella'' Mason, 1981 * '' Cotesia'' Cameron, 1891 * '' Cuneogaster'' Choi & Whitfield, 2006 * '' Dasylagon'' Muesebeck, 1958 * '' Deuterixys'' Mason, 1981 * '' Diolcogaster'' Ashmead, 1900 * '' Distatrix'' Mason, 1981 * '' Dodogaster'' Rousse, 2013 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emerald Cockroach Wasp
The emerald cockroach wasp or jewel wasp (''Ampulex compressa'') is a solitary wasp of the family (biology), family Ampulicidae. It is known for its unusual biological reproduction, reproductive behavior, which involves stinging a cockroach and using it as a host for its larvae. It thus belongs to the entomophagous parasites. Distribution The wasp is mostly found in the tropical regions of Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific islands. The flying wasps are more abundant in the warm seasons of the year. ''A. compressa'' was introduced to Hawaii by F.X. Williams in 1941 as a method of biocontrol. This has been unsuccessful because of the territorial tendencies of the wasp and the small scale on which they hunt. The species is also found in the Brazilian states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro. ''A. compressa'' likely arrived in the country through the ports of Santos, São Paulo, Santos and Rio de Janeiro. Description T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoepimecis Argyraphaga
''Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga'' is a Costa Rican parasitoid wasp whose host is the spider '' Leucauge argyra''. The wasp is unusual in modifying the spider's web building behavior to make a web made of very strong lines designed to support the wasp's cocoon without breaking in the rain. Habitat ''Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga'' is indigenous to Costa Rica. Its ideal habitat would include good sources of food, mating sites, and a stable population of their host spider. This parasitic wasp feeds on sugar and nectar and tends to be near heavy vegetation. The wasp prefers heavy vegetation because this provides both a good mating site as the wasps mate on tips of leaves and protection during development. Heavy vegetation provides thick undergrowth where the spider can spin their webs providing protection from heavy rains and winds. Reproduction ''Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga'' wasps have a haplodiploid genetic system, meaning unfertilized eggs will become males and fertilized eggs will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lolium Perenne
''Lolium perenne'', common name perennial ryegrass, English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. Description The plant is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit. The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy on the lower surface, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, ''Lolium multiflorum'') with a strong central keel, giving a flattened appearance. The ligule is very short and truncated and often difficult to see. The small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the leaf blade. Leaf sheaths at the base are usually tinged pink and hairless. Stems grow up to 90 cm. The inflorescence is unbranched, with spikelets on alternating sides edgeways-on to the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mythimna Unipuncta
''Mythimna unipuncta'', the true armyworm moth, white-speck moth, common armyworm, or rice armyworm, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was Species description, first described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1809. ''Mythimna unipuncta'' occurs in most of North America south of the Arctic, as well as parts of South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Although thought to be Neotropical in origin, it has been Introduced species, introduced elsewhere, and is often regarded as an agricultural pest. They are known as armyworms because the caterpillars move in lines as a massive group, like an army, from field to field, damaging Crop, crops.Palmer, Geoff (July 23, 2012)"Pest Alert - Armyworms Round Two Hit Hay and Corn Crops". ''Agriculture and Market''. The true armyworm has a distinct migration pattern in which they travel north in the spring and south in the fall to ensure that mating occurs in a favorable environment in the summer. While progressing through the life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lymantria Dispar
''Lymantria dispar'', also known as the gypsy moth or the spongy moth, is a species of Lepidoptera, moth in the family Erebidae native to Europe and Asia. ''Lymantria dispar'' is subdivided into several subspecies, with subspecies such as ''Lymantria dispar dispar, L. d. dispar'' and ''Lymantria dispar japonica, L. d. japonica'' being clearly identifiable without ambiguity. ''Lymantria dispar'' has been introduced to several continents and is now additionally found as an invasive species in Africa, North America and South America. The List of feeding behaviours#By food type, polyphagous larvae live on a variety of deciduous and Pinophyta, coniferous trees and can cause severe damage in years of mass reproduction. Due to these features, ''Lymantria dispar'' is listed among the 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species, world's 100 worst invasive alien species. Etymology The etymology of "gypsy moth" is not conclusively known; however, the term is known to have been in use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Pest Control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. It can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. There are three basic strategies for biological control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment. Natural enemies of insects play an important part in limiting the densities of potential pests. Biological control agents such as these include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USDA
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally. It is headed by the secretary of agriculture, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet of the United States, Cabinet. The current secretary is Brooke Rollins, who has served since February 13, 2025. Approximately 71% of the USDA's $213 billion budget goes towards nutrition assistance programs administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
