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Giriama People
The Giriama (also called Giryama) are one of the nine ethnic groups that make up the Mijikenda (which literally translates to "nine towns"). The Mijikenda occupy the coastal strip extending from Lamu in the north to the Kenya/Tanzania border in the south, and approximately 30 km inland. The Giriama are among the largest of these ethnic groups. They inhabit the area bordered by the coastal cities of Mombasa and Malindi, and the inland towns of Mariakani and Kaloleni. The Giriama is one of the largest groups of the Mijikenda people in the back-up area of the Northeast coast of Kenya. The Giriama are subdivided into clans which include Thoya, Mweni, Nyundo, Nyale and so on. The Giriama are a peaceful people who practiced active resistance against the British. In recent years, the Giriama have extended their living space down to the coast. They are now a big part of service employees in the growing tourism centres. Education programmes initiated by the state included buildin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditional African Religion
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions.Encyclopedia of African Religion (Sage, 2009) Molefi Kete Asante Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural. Spread Adherents of traditional religions in Africa are distributed among 43 countries and are estimated to number over 100 million.''Britannica Book of the Year'' (2003), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2003) p.306 According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', as of mid-2002, there were 480, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plantation
Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Plantations, centered on a plantation house, grow crops including cotton, cannabis, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, opium, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, fruits, rubber trees and forest trees. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations are located. In modern use, the term usually refers only to large-scale estates. Before about 1860, it was the usual term for a farm of any size in the southern parts of British North America, with, as Noah Webster noted, "farm" becoming the usual term from about Maryland northward. The enslavement of people was the norm in Maryland and states southward. The plantations there were forced-labor farms. The term "plantation" was used in most British colonies but very rarely in the United Kingdom itself i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaika Firth
Malaika Firth (born 23 March 1994) is a Kenyan-born Great Britain, British fashion model, model. Firth attracted attention when, in 2013, she was booked as the first black model in nearly 20 years to appear in a Prada advertising campaign. Early life Firth was born in Mombasa, Kenya and brought up in Barking, London, Barking, a suburban town in East London, when she was seven years old. Her family in Kenya belongs to the ethnic group of the Giriama people, Giriama. Her father, Eric, is of British, Seychellois and Ugandan descent, and mother, Jecinta, is half-Kenyan and half-Swiss. Malaika was born in Kenya and lived there until she was seven, when the family moved to Barking. Eric worked as a French polisher at the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Four Seasons. When Malaika talks about her family you get a glimpse of her ambition, but also of a rootedness that might save her from her industry’s worst excesses. She says, "I don’t come from a posh or high-class background. We li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mekatilili Wa Menza
Mnyazi wa Menza, also known as Mekatilili Wa Menza or Mekatilili (1860s-1924), was a Kenyan independence activist who led the Giriama people against the colonial administration of Kenya between 1912 and 1915. Early life Mekatilili was born in the 1860s at Mutsara wa Tsatsu in Bamba, in present-day Kilifi County. She was an only daughter in a family of five children. One of her brothers, Mwarandu, was kidnapped by Arab slave traders and was never seen again. At some point in her life, Mekatilili became married to Dyeka at Lango Baya. Rebellion Mekatilili's resistance was driven by economic and social-cultural concerns. She sought to prevent any Giriama laborers from being employed by the colonial authorities, ensuring that they would remain in Giriama territory and contribute to the well-being of Giriama people. She also was concerned about the increasing Western influence in Kenya, which she saw as eroding Giriaman culture. On 13 August 1913, the colonial administrator for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirit Possession
Spirit Possession is an altered state of consciousness and associated behaviors which are purportedly caused by the control of a human body and its functions by Supernatural#Spirit, spirits, ghosts, demons, angels, or Deity, gods. The concept of spirit possession exists in many cultures and religions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity,Mark 5:9, Luke 8:30 Judaism, Wicca, Haitian Vodou, Dominican Vudú, and Southeast Asian, African, and Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American traditions. Depending on the cultural context in which it is found, possession may be thought of as voluntary or involuntary and may be considered to have beneficial or detrimental effects on the host. The experience of spirit possession sometimes serves as evidence in support of belief in the existence of spirits, deities or demons. In a 1969 study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, spirit-possession beliefs were found to exist in 74% of a sample of 488 societies i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elaeis
''Elaeis'' () is a genus of palms, called oil palms, containing two species, native to Africa and the Americas. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. Description Mature palms are single-stemmed, and can grow well over tall. The leaves are pinnate, and reach between long. The flowers are produced in dense clusters; each individual flower is small, with three sepals and three petals. The palm fruit is reddish, about the size of a large plum, and grows in large bunches. Each fruit is made up of an oily, fleshy outer layer (the pericarp), with a single seed (the palm kernel), also rich in oil. Species The two species, '' E. guineensis'' (Africa) and '' E. oleifera'' (Americas) can produce fertile hybrids. The genome of ''E. guineensis'' has been sequenced, which has important implications for breeding improved strains of the crop plants. Distribution and habitat ''E. guineensis'' is native to west and southwest Africa, occurring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bantu Languages
The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀), or Ntu languages are a language family of about 600 languages of Central, Southern, Eastern and Southeast Africa. They form the largest branch of the Southern Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of "language" versus "dialect"."Guthrie (1967–71) names some 440 Bantu 'varieties', Grimes (2000) has 501 (minus a few 'extinct' or 'almost extinct'), Bastin ''et al.'' (1999) have 542, Maho (this volume) has some 660, and Mann ''et al.'' (1987) have ''c.'' 680." Derek Nurse, 2006, "Bantu Languages", in the ''Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics'', p. 2:Ethnologue report for Southern Bantoid" lists a total of 535 languages. The count includes 13 Mbam languages, which are not always included under "Narrow Bantu". Many Ntu languages borrow words from each other, and some are mutually intelligible. Some of the languages ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimijikenda
Mijikenda is a Bantu dialect cluster spoken along the coast of East Africa, mostly in Kenya, where there are 2.6 million speakers (2019 census) but also in Tanzania, where there are 166,000 speakers. The name ''Mijikenda'' means "the nine settlements" or "the nine communities" and refers to the multiple language communities that make up the group. An older, derogatory term for the group is ''Nyika'' which refers to the "dry and bushy country" along the coast. Varieties The New Updated Guthrie List from 2009 lists the following varieties and Guthrie codes as part of the Mijikenda cluster: * E72 – North Mijikenda (Nyika) ** E72a – Giryama yf** E72b – Kauma ** E73c – Chonyi oh** E73d – Duruma ug** E73e – Rabai ** E73F – Jibana ** E72G – Kambe ** E72H – Ribe * E73-732 – South Mijikenda ** E73 – Digo ig** E731 – Segeju eg** E732 – Degere The Degere are former hunter-gatherers like the Cushitic Waata, and are said to have once spoken a Cushitic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swahili Language
Swahili, also known as as it is referred to in the Swahili language, is a Bantu language originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique (along the East African coast and adjacent littoral islands). Estimates of the number of Swahili speakers, including both native and second-language speakers, vary widely. They generally range from 150 million to 200 million; with most of its native speakers residing in Tanzania and Kenya. Swahili has a significant number of loanwords from other languages, mainly Arabic, as well as from Portuguese, English and German. Around 40% of Swahili vocabulary consists of Arabic loanwords, including the name of the language ( , a plural adjectival form of an Arabic word meaning 'of the coasts'). The loanwords date from the era of contact between Arab traders and the Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Africa, which was also the time period when Swahili emerged as a lingua franca in the region. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giryama Dialect
Giryama is a dialect variety of the Mijikenda language spoken along the southern coast of Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ..., predominantly in the Kilifi district. Phonology Consonants *Labialized sounds /mʷ, kʷ, kʷʰ, ɡʷ, ᵑɡʷ/ can alternatively be pronounced as labio-velar stops �͡m, k͡p, k͡pʰ, ɡ͡b, ᵑɡ͡bamong speakers in free variation. */ɾ/ may have allophones as either � or � all heard interchangeably. * �is only heard in between vowel sounds, to break up a sequence of two vowels. *Taylor (1891), noted two dental stops ̪, d̪ however they were not easy to identify and therefore are not considered as phonemes. Vowels References Sources * Taylor, William Ernest. 1891. ''Giryama vocabulary and collections''. London: Socie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families. Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps. Definition Many forms of unfree labour are also covered by the term forced labour, which is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as all involuntary work or service exacted under the menace of a penalty.Andrees and Belser, "Forced labor: Coercion and exploitation in the private economy", 2009. Rienner and ILO. However, under the ILO Forced Labour Convention of 1930, the term forced or compulsory labour does not include: *"any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaloleni, Kenya
Kaloleni is a town in Kilifi County of Kenya. It is about by road north of Mombasa city center. Food and water supplies Kaloleni is in one of Kenya's poorest and least developed region. Over half of the students at Kaloleni Primary School are orphans, in many cases because their parents died of AIDS. The town lacks safe water supplies. In 2010 World Vision International provided assistance in water purification, which should reduce the incidence of diseases related to water contamination. In 2009 the district experienced drought, relieved by rains in November. After the rains, the average distance required to reach water fell to compared to the previous month. The number of children under five years old at risk of malnutrition rose from 5% in October to 8.30% in November, but this was expect to improve more food and milk became available. In July 2011 the Kaloleni area was again experiencing a severe food shortage. The main diet was maize flour, supplemented by mangoes fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
