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Gien Viaduct
The Gien viaduct is a railway bridge crossing the Loire at Gien in the Loiret and the Centre-Val de Loire region. It was part of the Gien - Argent railway line of which today only the Gien - Poilly-lez-Gien section is still in service, for the transport of goods. With a total length of 1,832,20 meters, it is in fact made up of three structures: a masonry viaduct on the left bank with an opening of 1,198,20 meters, a truss bridge crossing the Loire with a length of 361 meters, and a masonry viaduct on the right bank with an opening of 273 meters. At the time of its construction, this structure was one of the three List of longest bridges, longest structures in the world. Geography The bridge connects the towns of Gien, on the right bank of the Loire, and Poilly-lez-Gien on the left bank. It is used by a railway line which begins in the southern part of the territory of the commune of Poilly-lez-Gien, along the departmental road 956 known as the Coullons route, and joins the Gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to Span (engineering), span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge, dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese is one of the oldest arch bridges in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deck (bridge)
A deck is the surface of a bridge. A structural element of its superstructure, it may be constructed of concrete, steel Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to steel's high Young's modulus, elastic modulus, Yield (engineering), yield strength, Fracture, fracture strength a ..., grating, open grating, or wood. Sometimes the deck is covered by a track ballast, railroad bed and railroad track, track, asphalt concrete, or other form of pavement (material), pavement for ease of vehicle crossing. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure (T-beam or double tee structure) or it may be supported with I-beams or steel girders. When a bridge deck is installed in a through truss, it is sometimes called a floor system. A suspended bridge deck will be suspended from the main structural elements on a suspension or arch bridge. On some bridges, such as a Tied-arch bridge, tied- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suspension Bridge
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (bridge), deck is hung below suspension wire rope, cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world. Besides the bridge type most commonly called suspension bridges, covered in this article, there are other types of suspension bridges. The type covered here has cables suspended between towers, with vertical ''suspender cables'' that transfer the Structural load#Live load, imposed loads, transient load, live and Structural load#Dead load, dead loads of the deck below, upon which traffic crosses. This arrangement allows the deck to be level or to arc upward for additional clearance. Like other suspension bridge types, this type often is constructed without the use of falsework. The suspension cables must be anchored at each end of the bridge, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pont Du Bonhomme
The Pont du Bonhomme is located in the Lorient region of France. It links the cities of Kervignac and Lanester across the Blavet, Blavet river, replacing a ferry that had been in use since the 17th century. Its location at the entrance to the valley was chosen to allow sailing boats to continue providing services to the upstream commune of Hennebont. The first structure is a Cable-stayed bridge, cable-stayed truss-girder bridge, built between 1900 and 1904 by Ferdinand Arnodin. Damaged several times during World War II, it was restored after the conflict and put into operation until 1974. It was then demolished, with the exception of its two pillars, and replaced by a second structure by Jacques Mathivat, reusing the girder bridge technique. Toponymy The name comes from a rock on the left Bank (geography), bank of the Blavet, on the Kervignac side, which, seen from a certain angle, resembles a human form. The Breton language, Breton toponym, "''Roch ar Boulom''", captures this mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morlaix Viaduct
The Morlaix viaduct is a railway bridge, of the viaduct type, located in the city of Morlaix which allows the crossing of the Morlaix river and the service to the city station by the line from Paris-Montparnasse to Brest. On 29 January 1943, as part of Allied strategic bombing, eight American Boston fighter-bombers of the Royal Air Force dropped 43 bombs, accidentally killing eighty residents. A single bomb damaged the viaduct which was quickly repaired. The La Méaugon viaduct, which is also important but located far from any habitation, was not bombed. Railway situation The Morlaix viaduct is at kilometer point (PK) 562,464 of the Paris–Montparnasse line in Brest. Preceded by the Plouigneau station and the Trévidy viaduct, its crossing allows arrival at Morlaix station located on the heights of the town at an altitude of 61 meters. History Before its construction the viaduct aroused controversy, particularly regarding its location, in the very heart of the city. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crueize Viaduct
The Crueize viaduct is a railway viaduct on the Béziers to Neussargues Railway, Béziers to Neussargues line, located in the commune of Saint-Léger-de-Peyre, in the Lozère département of France. It is nicknamed the "Viaduc de l'Enfer" after the valley it crosses. Built by the French government under the direction of Léon Boyer, it was commissioned in 1887 by the Chemins de fer du Midi, Compagnie des chemins de fer du Midi et du Canal latéral à la Garonne (Cie du Midi), the concession holder for the line and viaduct. It should not be confused with the Crueize road bridge. Location At an altitude of 905 metres, the Crueize viaduct is located at Milestone, kilometric point (KP) 629.723 on the Béziers to Neussargues line, between the Marvejols station, Marvejols and Saint-Sauveur-de-Peyre station, Saint-Sauveur-de-Peyre stations (the latter currently closed). It is flanked by the Lestoura tunnel at KP 628.977 and the Born tunnel at KP 634.564. History Marvejols to Neussar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1887
Events January * January 11 – Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher. * January 20 ** The United States Senate allows the United States Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base. ** British emigrant ship '' Kapunda'' sinks after a collision off the coast of Brazil, killing 303 with only 16 survivors. * January 21 ** The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed in the United States. ** Brisbane receives a one-day rainfall of (a record for any Australian capital city). * January 24 – Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian troops defeat the Italians. * January 28 ** In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana, the largest snowflakes on record are reported. They are wide and thick. ** Construction work begins on the foundations of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. February * February 2 – The first Groundhog Day is observed in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. * February 4 – The Interstate Commerce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological
Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure. Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation. Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their Geochronology, absolute ages. By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole. One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, Clay minerals, clays, and silt. When Lithification, hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae. Marl makes up the lower part of the White cliffs of Dover, cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States. Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement. Description Marl or marlstone is a carbonate mineral, carbonate-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of Clay minerals, clays and silt. The term was originally loosely applied to a variety of materials, most of which occur as loose, earthy deposits consisting chiefly of an intimate mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, formed under freshwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
