|
Geographical Cluster
A geographical cluster is a localized anomaly, usually an excess of something given the distribution or variation of something else. Often it is considered as an incidence rate that is unusual in that there is more of some variable than might be expected. Examples would include: a local excess disease rate, a crime hot spot, areas of high unemployment, accident blackspots, unusually high positive residuals from a model, high concentrations of flora or fauna, physical features or events like earthquake epicenters etc... Identifying these extreme regions may be useful in that there could be implicit geographical associations with other variables that can be identified and would be of interest. Pattern detection via the identification of such geographical clusters is a very simple and generic form of geographical analysis that has many applications in many different contexts. The emphasis is on localized clustering or patterning because this may well contain the most useful info ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
|
|
Spatial Distribution
A spatial distribution in statistics is the arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics. A graphical display of a spatial distribution may summarize raw data directly or may reflect the outcome of a more sophisticated data analysis. Many different aspects of a phenomenon can be shown in a single graphical display by using a suitable choice of different colours to represent differences. One example of such a display could be observations made to describe the geographic patterns of features, both physical and human across the earth. The information included could be where units of something are, how many units of the thing there are per units of area, and how sparsely or densely packed they are from each other. Patterns of spatial distribution Usually, for a phenomenon that changes in space, there is a pattern that determines the location of the subject o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
|
|
Incidence Rate
In epidemiology Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and Risk factor (epidemiology), determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population, and application of this knowledge to prevent dise ..., incidence reflects the number of new cases of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Incidence proportion Incidence proportion (IP), also known as cumulative incidence, is defined as the probability that a particular event, such as occurrence of a particular disease, has occurred in a specified period: Incidence = \frac For example, if a population contains 1,000 persons and 28 develop a condition from the time the disease first occurred until two years later, the cumulative incidence is 28 cases per 1,000 persons, i.e. 2.8%. Incidence rate The incidence rate can be calculated by dividing the number of subjects developing a disease by the total time at risk from all patie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
|
 |
Accident Blackspot
In road safety management, an accident blackspot or black spot is a place where road traffic collisions have historically been concentrated. There may have been several reasons for this, such as * a sharp drop or corner in a straight road, concealing oncoming traffic * a hidden junction on a fast road, or * poor or concealed warning signs at a crossroads. History For some decades treatment of accident blackspots (e.g. by signage, speed restrictions, improving sightlines, straightening bends, or speed cameras) was a mainstay of road safety policy. In 1973, Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu said in a debate in the House of Lords: In July 1980, a SETRA report, named "Points noirs glissants" show that solutions which do not answer the diagnostic may be less efficient. In 1990, in Australia, the Black Spot program was initially established under the Hawke government as a three-year initiative to run from 1990–91. The Government had plans to spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
 |
Geography Terminology
Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called "a bridge between natural science and social science disciplines." Origins of many of the concepts in geography can be traced to Greek Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who may have coined the term "geographia" (). The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as the title of a book by Greek scholar Claudius Ptolemy (100 – 170 AD). This work created the so-called "Ptolemaic tradition" of geography, which included "Ptolemaic cartographic theory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
 |
Spatial Analysis
Spatial analysis is any of the formal Scientific technique, techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties, primarily used in Urban design, Urban Design. Spatial analysis includes a variety of techniques using different analytic approaches, especially ''spatial statistics''. It may be applied in fields as diverse as astronomy, with its studies of the placement of galaxies in the cosmos, or to chip fabrication engineering, with its use of "place and route" algorithms to build complex wiring structures. In a more restricted sense, spatial analysis is geospatial analysis, the technique applied to structures at the human scale, most notably in the analysis of geographic data. It may also applied to genomics, as in Spatial transcriptomics, transcriptomics data, but is primarily for spatial data. Complex issues arise in spatial analysis, many of which are neither clearly defined nor completely resolved, but form the basis for current resear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |