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Gecekondu Bölgesi
, meaning 'put up overnight' (plural ), is a Turkish word meaning a house put up quickly without proper permissions, a squatter's house, and by extension, a shanty or shack. is a neighborhood made of those gecekondular. neighborhoods offer an affordable alternative for shelter for many low-income households who can not afford to purchase or rent formal housing. Before the gecekondu phenomenon, (tin-can neighbourhoods) constituted the main pattern of informal housing starting from the late 19th century. The term gained popularity with the construction of informal settlements by migrants from rural Turkey in the 1950s when the mechanisation of agriculture created a significant surplus population in villages. The immigrants, including Roma, who fled Bulgarian and south Romanian cities after the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, were the earliest founders of teneke mahalles in different parts of Istanbul such as Kumkapı and Nişantaşı. However, the inexpensive housing option provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gecekondu
, meaning 'put up overnight' (plural ), is a Turkish language, Turkish word meaning a house put up quickly illegal building, without proper permissions, a Squatting, squatter's house, and by extension, a shanty or shack. is a neighborhood made of those gecekondular. neighborhoods offer an affordable alternative for shelter for many low-income households who can not afford to purchase or rent formal housing. Before the gecekondu phenomenon, (tin-can neighbourhoods) constituted the main pattern of informal housing starting from the late 19th century. The term gained popularity with the construction of informal settlements by migrants from rural Turkey in the 1950s when the mechanisation of agriculture created a significant surplus population in villages. The immigrants, including Romani people, Roma, who fled Bulgarian and south Romanian cities after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, were the earliest founders of teneke mahalles in different parts o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shadow Cities (book)
''Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, A New Urban World'' is a 2004 book by Robert Neuwirth. He wrote it after visiting informal settlements such as Dharavi, Kibera and Rocinha. Overview US-based journalist Robert Neuwirth spent two years visiting in informal settlements across the globe, including Kibera (a slum in Nairobi, Kenya), Rocinha (a favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), a gecekondu bölgesi zone in Sultanbeyli, Istanbul, Turkey and Dharavi and Sanjay Gandhi Nagar (two squatted areas in Mumbai, India). In the book Neuwirth draws on his experiences to argue that much can be learnt from the self-organization and adaptability of squatters worldwide. He also gives a partial history of slums in such places as London, New York and Paris, suggesting that informal settlements are an integral part of urbanization and concluding on an optimistic note that there are so many squatters that their needs cannot be ignored. Critical reception Reviewers welcomed the book as a general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tŷ Unnos
( pl.: ; English: 'one-night house', also ) is an old Welsh tradition that has parallels in other folk traditions in other areas of the British Isles. It was believed by some that if a person could build a house on common land in one night, the land then belonged to them as a freehold. There are other variations on this tradition, for example that the test was to have a fire burning in the hearth by the following morning and the squatter could then extend the land around by the distance they could throw an axe from the four corners of the house. Origins From a period spanning the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries, the expansion of the Welsh population combined with poverty brought about a series of incidents of squatting on isolated patches of land in the most rural parts of Wales. The practice arose because of the pressure of the lack of land due to the land enclosures of the period, and the taxation laws established by landowners. Family units paid taxes based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refers to an underdevelopment, under-developed, racial segregation, racially segregated urban area, urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, were reserved for non-whites, namely Bantu peoples in South Africa, Black Africans, Coloureds and South African Indians, Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term ''township'' also has a distinct #Legal meaning, legal meaning in South African property law, South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations. Townships for non-whites were also called ''locations'' or ''lokasies'' in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large shanty town, informal settlements nearby. History Early development During 1900–1950 (roughly), the majority of the black popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favela
Favela () is an umbrella name for several types of impoverished neighborhoods in Brazil. The term, which means slum or ghetto, was first used in the Slum of Providência in the center of Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century, which was built by soldiers who had lived under the favela trees in Bahia and had nowhere to live following the Canudos War. Some of the last settlements were called ''bairros africanos'' (African neighborhoods). Over the years, many former enslaved Africans moved in. Even before the first favela came into being, poor citizens were pushed away from the city and forced to live in the far suburbs. Most modern favelas appeared in the 1970s due to rural exodus, when many people left rural areas of Brazil and moved to cities. Unable to find places to live, many people found themselves in favelas. Census data released in December 2011 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) showed that in 2010, about 6 percent of the Brazilian pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanty Town
A shanty town, squatter area, squatter settlement, or squatter camp is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood, or from cheap building materials such as corrugated iron sheets. A typical shanty town is squatted and, at least initially, lacks adequate infrastructure, including proper sanitation, safe water supply, electricity and street drainage. Over time, shanty towns may develop their infrastructure and even change into middle class neighbourhoods. They can be small informal settlements or they can house millions of people. First used in North America to designate a shack, the term ''shanty'' is likely derived from French ''chantier'' (construction site and associated low-level workers' quarters), or alternatively from Scottish Gaelic ''sean'' () meaning 'old' and ''taigh'' () meaning 'house old. Globally, some of the largest shanty towns are Ciudad Neza in Mexico, Orangi in Pakistan and Dharavi i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slum
A slum is a highly populated Urban area, urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are primarily inhabited by impoverished people."What are slums and why do they exist?" UN-Habitat, Kenya (April 2007) Although slums are usually located in urban areas, in some countries they can be located in suburban areas where housing quality is low and living conditions are poor. While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, Water supply, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, law enforcement, and other basic services. Slum residences vary from shanty town, shanty houses to pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center (Etimesgut, Yenimahalle, Çankaya District, Çankaya, Keçiören, Altındağ, Pursaklar, Mamak, Ankara, Mamak, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Gölbaşı, Sincan, Ankara, Sincan) and 5,864,049 in Ankara Province (total of 25 districts). Ankara is Turkey's List of cities in Turkey, second-largest city by population after Istanbul, first by urban land area, and third by metro land area after Konya and Sivas. Ankara was historically known as Ancyra and Angora. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celts, Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman Empire, Roman province with the Galatia (Roman province), same name (25 BC–7th century), Ankara has various Hattians, Hattian, Hittites, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatians (people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İzmir
İzmir is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara. It is on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, and is the capital of İzmir Province. In 2024, the city of İzmir had a population of 2,938,292 (in eleven urban districts), while İzmir Province had a total population of 4,493,242. Its built-up (or metro) area was home to 3,264,154 inhabitants. It extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River Delta; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south. İzmir has more than 3,000 years of recorded history, recorded urban history, and Yeşilova Höyük, up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. In classical antiquity, the city was known as Smyrna – a name which remained in use in English and various other languages until around 1930, when governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TOKI
Toki may refer to: People * The Toki clan, a Japanese samurai clan * Luke Toki (born 1986), Australian television personality *, Japanese decathlete *, Japanese sumo wrestler * Palnatoki, a legendary Danish hero and chieftain * Toki (also spelled Toqui), the title of a selected leader of the Mapuche (indigenous Chilean people) during a time of war * Valmaine Toki, New Zealand barrister and solicitor * Toki, son of Wigod of Wallingford, English soldier in the service of William the Conqueror Places *Toki, Gifu, a city in Gifu prefecture, Japan * Toki, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-east Poland * Toki, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland Public institutions * TOKİ, Turkey's government-run public housing authority Fictional characters * Kamen Rider Tōki, a fictional character in ''Kamen Rider Hibiki'' * Princess Toki, a character in ''Naruto'' * Toki, the second of the four brothers of Hokuto Shinken in ''Fist of the North Star'' * Toki, a character from Hayao Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Of Living
Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society. A contributing factor to an individual's quality of life, standard of living is generally concerned with objective metrics outside an individual's personal control, such as economic, societal, political, and environmental matters. Individuals or groups use the standard of living to evaluate where to live in the world, or when assessing the success of society. In international law, an "adequate standard of living" was first described in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and further described in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. To evaluate the impact of policy for sustainable development, different disciplines have defined ''Decent Living Standards'' in order to evaluate or compare relative living experience. During much of its use in economics, improvements to standard of living were thought to be directly connected to eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
