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Gavialosuchus Eggenburgensis
''Gavialosuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialoid crocodylian from the early Miocene of Europe. Currently only one species is recognized, as a few other species of ''Gavialosuchus'' have since been reclassified to other genera. Taxonomy The type species, ''G. eggenburgensis'', is known from the early Miocene of Austria. Two other species - ''G. americanus'' and ''G. carolinensis'' - have since been reclassified to other genera. Myrick Jr. (2001) proposed synonymizing ''Gavialosuchus americanus'' with '' Thecachampsa antiqua''. Piras ''et al.'' (2007) advocated transferring both ''G. americanus'' and ''G. carolinensis'' to ''Thecachampsa'' as distinct species of the latter genus, however. Jouve ''et al.'' (2008) retained ''G. americanus'' in ''Gavialosuchus'' and found it to be the sister group of ''G. eggenburgensis'' (''G. carolinensis'' was not discussed). However, Jouve ''et al.'' (2008) didn't test ''Thecachampsa antiqua'' in their phylogenetic analysis. Shan ''et al.'' (20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Miocene
The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch made up of two faunal stage, stages: the Aquitanian age, Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages. The sub-epoch lasted from 23.03 ± 0.05 annum, Ma to 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). It was preceded by the Oligocene epoch. As the climate started to get cooler, the landscape started to change. New mammals evolved to replace the extinct animals of the Oligocene epoch. The first members of the hyena and weasel family started to evolve to replace the extinct ''Hyaenodon'', entelodonts and bear-dogs. The chalicotheres survived the Oligocene epoch. A new genus of entelodont called ''Daeodon'' evolved in order to adapt to the new habitats and hunt the new prey animals of the Early Miocene epoch; it quickly became the top predator of North America. But it became extinct due to competition from ''Amphicyon'', a newcomer from Eurasia. ''Amphicyon'' bested ''Daeodon'' because the bear-dog's la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodylidae
Crocodiles (family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large, semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. The term "crocodile" is sometimes used more loosely to include all extant members of the order Crocodilia, which includes the alligators and caimans (both members of the family Alligatoridae), the gharial and false gharial (both members of the family Gavialidae) as well as other extinct taxa. Crocodile size, morphology, behaviour and ecology differ among species. However, they have many similarities in these areas as well. All crocodiles are semiaquatic and tend to congregate in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water and saltwater. They are carnivorous animals, feeding mostly on vertebrates such as fish, reptiles, birds and mammals, and sometimes on invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans, depending on species and age. All crocodiles are tropical speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paratomistoma
''Paratomistoma'' (meaning "next to or near ''Tomistoma''") is an extinct monospecific genus of gavialoid crocodylian. It is based on the holotype specimen CGM 42188, a partial posterior skull and lower jaw discovered at Wadi Hitan, Egypt, in Middle Eocene-age rocks of the Gehannam Formation. The skull is unfused but considered morphologically mature. ''Paratomistoma'' was named in 2000 by Christopher Brochu and Philip Gingerich; the type species is ''P. courti'' in honor of Nicholas Court, who found CGM 42188. They performed a phylogenetic analysis and found ''Paratomistoma'' to be a derived member of Tomistominae, related to the false gharial. It may have been a marine or coastal crocodilian. Below is a cladogram based morphological studies comparing skeletal features that shows ''Paratomistoma'' as a member of Tomistominae: Based on morphological studies of extinct taxa, the tomistomines were long thought to be classified as crocodiles and not closely re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomistoma Lusitanicum
''Tomistoma'' is a genus of gavialid crocodilians. They are noted for their long narrow snouts used to catch fish, similar to the gharial. ''Tomistoma'' contains one extant (living) member, the false gharial (''Tomistoma schlegelii''), as well as potentially several extinct species: ''T. cairense'', ''T. lusitanicum'' and ''T. coppensi''. Previously assigned extinct species known from fossils are reclassified as different genera such as ''Eogavialis'', ''Toyotamaphimeia'' and ''Sutekhsuchus''. Unlike the gharial, the false gharial's snout broadens considerably towards the base and so is more similar to those of true crocodiles than the gharial, whose osteology indicated a distinct lineage from all other living crocodilians.Piras, P., Colangelo, P., Adams, D. C., Buscalioni, A., Cubo, J., Kotsakis, T., & Raia, P. (2010). ''The Gavialis–Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships''. Evolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Gharial
The false gharial (''Tomistoma schlegelii''), also known by the names Malayan gharial, Sunda gharial and tomistoma is a freshwater crocodilian of the Family (biology), family Gavialidae native to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. It is listed as Endangered species, Endangered on the IUCN Red List, as the global population is estimated at around 2,500 to 10,000 mature individuals. The Specific name (zoology), species name ''schlegelii'' honors Hermann Schlegel. Characteristics The false gharial is dark reddish-brown above with dark brown or black spots and cross-bands on the back and tail. Ventrals are grayish-white, with some lateral dark mottling. Juveniles are mottled with black on the sides of the jaws, body, and tail. The smooth and unornamented snout is extremely long and slender, parallel sided, with a length of 3.0 to 3.5 times the width at the base. All teeth are long and needle-like, interlocking on the insides of the jaws, and are individually socketed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maomingosuchus
''Maomingosuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialoid crocodylian from Late Eocene of Southeast Asia. It was discovered in Priabonian-aged deposits of China and possibly also Thailand. The type species, originally ''Tomistoma petrolica,'' was named in 1958 and was redescribed as ''Maomingosuchus'' in 2017. A second species, ''Maomingosuchus acutirostris'', was described in 2022 from middle-upper Eocence deposits (late Bartonian–Priabonian age, 39–35 Ma) of the Na Duong Basin in northern Vietnam. It is proposed to be a basal member of Gavialoidea, or alternatively within the family Tomistominae Tomistominae is a subfamily of crocodylians that includes one living species, the false gharial. Many more extinct species are known, extending the range of the subfamily back to the Eocene epoch. In contrast to the false gharial, which is a fres .... It was a relatively small gavialoid with an estimated total length of . References Gavialoidea Eocene crocodylomorphs F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomistoma Cairense
''Tomistoma cairense'' is an extinct species of gavialoid crocodilian from the Lutetian stage of the Eocene era. It lived in North East Africa, especially Egypt. Remains of ''T. cairense'' have been found in the Mokattam Formation, in Mokattam, Egypt. ''Tomistoma cairense'' did not have a Maxilla process within their lacrimal gland, whereas all extant (living) crocodilians do. Below is a cladogram based morphological studies comparing skeletal features that shows ''Tomistoma cairense'' as a member of Tomistominae, related to the false gharial: Based on morphological studies of extinct taxa, the tomistomines (including the living false gharial) were long thought to be classified as crocodiles and not closely related to gavialoids. However, recent molecular studies using DNA sequencing have consistently indicated that the false gharial (''Tomistoma'') (and by inference other related extinct forms in Tomistominae) actually belong to Gavialoidea (and Gavialidae). Below is a clado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyotamaphimeia
''Toyotamaphimeia'' (named after Toyotama-hime) is a genus of extinct gavialid crocodylian which lived in Japan and Taiwan during the Middle Pleistocene. A specimen recovered in 1964 at Osaka University during the construction of a new science building has been dated to around 430–380 thousand years old based on the stratum in which it was found. ''Toyotamaphimeia'' was a fairly large crocodylian measuring approximately long. Two species are named, ''T. machikanensis'' from Japan and ''T. taiwanicus'' from Taiwan, both originally described as members of the genus ''Tomistoma''. History and naming The first bones belonging to ''Toyotamaphimeia'' were discovered on May 3, 1964, during the construction of a new school building on the grounds of Ôsaka University. A field survey was conducted shortly afterwards, confirming the presence of more fossils, however not yet identifying their crocodilian nature. Following the survey several digs were organized starting on 9 June 1964. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penghusuchus
''Penghusuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodylian. It is known from a skeleton found in Middle to Upper Miocene rocks of Penghu Island, off Taiwan. The taxon was described in 2009 by Shan and colleagues; the type species is ''P. pani''. It may be related to two other fossil Asian gavialids: '' Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis'' of Japan and '' Hanyusuchus sinensis'' of South China. It was a medium-sized gavialid with an estimated total length of . Discovery On 25 March 2006, on the coast of Neian, Shiyu, Penghu Islands, an excavator driver Mr. Ming-Kuo Pan found a fossilized crocodylian tooth exposed in the sandstone interlayer between basaltic rocks and then dug up a whole skeleton. The skeleton is 70% complete and was found in the Yuwentao Formation of the middle Miocene (more than 10 million years ago), and its sedimentary rocks were dated as 17-15 million years ago, according to the pollen dating in the stratum, making it one of the oldest and most complete vert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dollosuchoides
''Dollosuchoides'', colloquially known as the Crocodile of Maransart, is an extinct monospecific genus of gavialoid crocodilian, traditionally regarded as a member of the subfamily Tomistominae. Fossils have been found in the Brussels Formation of Maransart, Belgium and date back to the middle Eocene. The holotype, IRScNB 482, was discovered in 1915 and it was prepared during 1926–1927 by M. Hubert, J. Mehschaert and M. Jean de Kleermaeker, and also in 1927, Louis Dollo had the holotype put on display in the Museum of Natural Sciences and he intended to describe the specimen but he died in 1931 before he was able to describe it and the specimen was eventually referred to '' Dollosuchus'' by Swinton (1937)Swinton, W. E. (1937)The Crocodile of Maransart (Dollosuchus dixoni [Owen]).''Mémoire'' 80: 3–46 until it was moved to its own genus by Brochu (2007). It is currently housed in the Gand Museum in Belgium. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram based morphological stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maroccosuchus
''Maroccosuchus zennaroi'' is an extinct gavialoid crocodylian from the Early Eocene of Morocco, traditionally regarded as a member of the subfamily Tomistominae. Below is a cladogram based on morphological studies comparing skeletal features that shows ''Maroccosuchus'' as a member of Tomistominae, related to the false gharial: Based on morphological studies of extinct taxa, the tomistomines were long thought to be classified as crocodiles and not closely related to gavialoids. However, recent molecular studies using DNA sequencing have consistently indicated that the false gharial (''Tomistoma'') (and by inference other related extinct forms in Tomistominae) actually belong to Gavialoidea (and Gavialidae). Below is a cladogram from a 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data that shows ''Maroccosuchus'' as an early-diverging gavialoid, more basal than the last common ancestor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kentisuchus
''Kentisuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialoid crocodylian, traditionally regarded as a member of the subfamily Tomistominae. Fossils have been found from England and France that date back to the early Eocene. The genus has also been recorded from Ukraine, but it unclear whether specimens from Ukraine are referable to ''Kentisuchus''. Species The genus ''Kentisuchus'' was erected by Charles Mook in 1955 for the species ''"Crocodylus" toliapicus'', described by Richard Owen, in 1849. William Buckland named ''"Crocodylus" spenceri'' on the basis of a partial skull found from the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, England. In 1888 Richard Lydekker considered ''"C." toliapicus'' synonymous with ''"C." champsoides'' and ''"C." arduini'', named by De Zigno, and reapplied the name ''"C." spenceri'' to all of these species. The genus name ''Kentisuchus'' was constructed only after it was realized that these specimens were clearly distinct from the genus '' Crocodylus'' and that some specime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
