|
Gas Analysis (other)
Gas analysis may refer to: * Blood gas analysis, a method that measures arterial oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, and other aspects of a blood sample * Breath gas analysis, a non-invasive method that measures volatile organic compounds present in the exhaled breath * Dissolved gas analysis, a method that measures dissolved gases in insulating fluids * Evolved gas analysis, a method that measures the gas evolved from a heated sample that undergoes decomposition or desorption * Breathing gas analysis, especially for breathing gas mixtures * Trace gas analysis, as an application of mass spectrometry, ion-mobility spectrometry or a combination of the two methods Gas analyzer may refer to: * Infrared gas analyzer * Residual gas analyzer * Orsat gas analyser * Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer, a scientific instrument aboard the Phoenix spacecraft * Helium analyzer, an instrument to measure the concentration of helium in a gas mixture * Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor An electr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blood Gas Analysis
A blood gas test or blood gas analysis tests blood to measure blood gas tension values, it also measures blood pH, and the level and base excess of bicarbonate. The source of the blood is reflected in the name of each test; arterial blood gases come from arteries, venous blood gases come from veins and capillary blood gases come from capillaries.Seifter JL. Acid-base disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 119 The blood gas tension levels of partial pressures can be used as indicators of ventilation, respiration and oxygenation. Analysis of paired arterial and venous specimens can give insights into the aetiology of acidosis in the newborn. Values measured Blood samples for testing are taken from arterial blood by a radial artery puncture, and from venous blood by venipuncture. Samples of capillary blood are taken using a lancet and capillary action. Samples from capillaries from either the earlobe or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breath Gas Analysis
Breath gas analysis is a method for gaining information on the clinical state of an individual by monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the exhaled breath. Exhaled breath is naturally produced by the human body through expiration and therefore can be collected in non-invasively and in an unlimited way. VOCs in exhaled breath can represent biomarkers for certain pathologies (lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and others). Breath gas concentration can then be related to blood concentrations via mathematical modeling as for example in blood alcohol testing. There are various techniques that can be employed to collect and analyze exhaled breath. Research on exhaled breath started many years ago, there is currently limited clinical application of it for disease diagnosis. However, this might change in the near future as currently large implementation studies are starting globally. History It is known that since the times of Hippocrates, exhaled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolved Gas Analysis
Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is an examination of electrical transformer oil contaminants. Insulating materials within electrical equipment liberate gases as they slowly break down over time. The composition and distribution of these dissolved gases are indicators of the effects of deterioration, such as pyrolysis or partial discharge, and the rate of gas generation indicates the severity. DGA is beneficial to a preventive maintenance program. The collection and analysis of gases in an oil-insulated transformer was discussed as early as 1928. , many years of empirical and theoretical study have gone into the analysis of transformer fault gases. DGA usually consists of sampling the oil and sending the sample to a laboratory for analysis. Mobile DGA units can be transported and used on site as well; some units can be directly connected to a transformer. Online monitoring of electrical equipment is an integral part of the smart grid. Oil Large power transformers are filled with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolved Gas Analysis
Evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a method used to study the gas evolved from a heated sample that undergoes decomposition or desorption. It is either possible just to detect evolved gases using evolved gas detection (EGD) or to analyse explicitly which gases evolved using evolved gas analysis (EGA). Therefore different analytical methods can be employed such as mass spectrometry, Fourier transform spectroscopy, gas chromatography Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Typical uses of GC include testing the purity of a particular substance, ..., or optical in-situ evolved gas analysis. By coupling the thermal analysis instrument, e. g. TGA ( thermogravimetry) or DSC ( differential scanning calorimetry), with a fast Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS) the detection of gas separation and identification of the separated components are possible in exact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breathing Gas Analysis
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for breathing, respiration. Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas, but other mixtures of gases, or pure oxygen, are also used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as Scuba set, scuba equipment, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, Bottled oxygen (climbing), high-altitude mountaineering, high-flying aircraft, submarines, space suits, spacecraft, Oxygen therapy#Supplemental oxygen, medical life support and first aid equipment, and anaesthetic machines. Oxygen is the essential component for any breathing gas, at a partial pressure of between roughly 0.16 and 1.60 bar (unit), bar at the ambient pressure. The oxygen is usually the only Metabolism, metabolically active component unless the gas is an anaesthetic mixture. Some of the oxygen in the breathing gas is consumed by the metabolic processes, and the inert components are unchanged, and serve mainly to di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trace Gas Analysis
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a ''mass spectrum'', a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures. A mass spectrum is a type of plot of the ion signal as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. These spectra are used to determine the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical identity or structure of molecules and other chemical compounds. In a typical MS procedure, a sample, which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, is ionized, for example by bombarding it with a beam of electrons. This may cause some of the sample's molecules to break up into positively charged fragments or simply become positively charged without fragmenting. These ions (fragments) are then separated according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infrared Gas Analyzer
] An infrared gas analyzer measures trace gases by determining the Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption of an emitted infrared light source through a certain air sample. Trace gases found in the Earth's atmosphere become excited under specific wavelengths found in the infrared range. The concept behind the technology can be understood as testing how much of the light is absorbed by the air. Different molecules in the air absorb different frequencies of light. Air with much of a certain gas will absorb more of a certain frequency, allowing the sensor to report a high concentration of the corresponding molecule. Infrared gas analyzers usually have two chambers, one is a reference chamber while the other chamber is a measurement chamber. Infrared light is emitted from some type of source on one end of the chamber, passes through a series of chambers that contains given quantities of the various gases in question. Principles of Operation The design from 1975 (pictured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Residual Gas Analyzer
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in vacuum systems. When constructed as a quadrupole mass analyzer, there exist two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10^ Torr levels, possessing sub- ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences. RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ leak detectors commonly using helium, isopropyl alcohol or other tracer molecules. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10^ Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orsat Gas Analyser
An Orsat gas analyser is a piece of laboratory equipment used to analyse a gas sample (typically fossil fuel flue gas) for its oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide content. Although largely replaced by instrumental techniques, the Orsat remains a reliable method of measurement and is relatively simple to use. The apparatus was invented by Louis Orsat who reported it in the Annales des Mines in 1875. There was an earlier report by Thomas Egleston in 1873. Construction The apparatus consists of an intake valve which feeds into a calibrated water or glycerin jacketed gas burette, this burette is then connected by tubing to two or more absorption pipettes containing chemical solutions that absorb the gases it is being used to measure. The intake and each of the absorption pipettes are valved with stopcocks to allow the movement of gas through the apparatus to be precisely controlled. For safety and portability, the apparatus is usually encased in a wooden box with a handle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal And Evolved Gas Analyzer
The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) is a scientific instrument aboard the ''Phoenix'' spacecraft, a Mars lander which landed and operated on the planet Mars in 2008. TEGA's design is based on experience gained from the failed Mars Polar Lander. Soil samples taken from the Martian surface by the robot arm are eventually delivered to the TEGA, where they are heated in an oven to about 1,000 °C. This heat causes the volatile compounds to be given off as gases which are sent to a mass spectrometer for analysis. This spectrometer is adjusted to measure particularly the isotope ratios for oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and heavier gases. Detection values are as low as 10 parts per billion. The Phoenix TEGA has 8 ovens, which are enough for 8 samples. Major components: *Differential Scanning Calorimeter *Mass Spectrometer The soil was delivered to TEGA by a robotic arm with a scoop. See also *CheMin *Sample Analysis at Mars * Urey instrument * Viking lander biological ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helium Analyzer
A Helium analyzer is an instrument used to identify the presence and concentration of helium in a mixture of gases. In Technical diving where breathing gas mixtures known as Trimix comprising oxygen, helium and nitrogen are used, it is necessary to know the fraction of helium in the mixture to reliably calculate decompression schedules for dives using that mixture. Thermal conductivity principle Portable instruments for the analysis of helium content of breathing gas mixtures may be based on a thermal conductivity sensor ( katharometer). These sensors can be very stable and maintenance free and also highly reliable and accurate. A typical thermal helium analyser comprises two chambers, each with an identical thermal conductivity sensor. One chamber is sealed and is filled with pure helium as the reference gas, and the other receives the sample gas. The difference in thermal conductivity of the reference and sample gases is measured and converted into a concentration valu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Trace Gas Analysis")
