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Garmon
The garmon ( rus, гармо́нь, p=gɐˈrmonʲ, links=yes, from rus, гармо́ника, p=gɐˈrmonʲɪkə, r=garmonika, cognate of English ''harmonica''), commonly called garmoshka, is a kind of Russian button accordion, a free-reed wind instrument. A garmon has two rows of buttons on the right side, which play the notes of a diatonic scale, and at least two rows of buttons on the left side, which play the primary chords in the key of the instrument as well as its relative harmonic minor key. Many instruments have additional right-hand buttons with useful accidental notes, additional left-hand chords for playing in related keys, and a row of free-bass buttons, to facilitate playing of bass melodies. The garmons can be of two major classes: unisonoric, meaning that each button plays the same note or chord when the bellows is being expanded as it does when compressed; and bisonoric, in which the note depends on the direction of the bellowswork. Examples of un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khromka
Khromka (, ''khromka'') is a type of Russian garmon ( unisonoric diatonic button accordion). It is the most widespread variant in Russia and in the former USSR. Nearly all Russian garmons made since the mid of the 20th century are khromkas. History Since 1830s when first Russian diatonic accordions (named ''garmonika, garmon'' or ''garmoshka'' after ) began being produced in Tula many regional variations appeared. One of them were one-row accordions from Vyatka (called ''severyanka'' from ''sever'' "North") and from Livny (called ''livenka''). Their important feature was that it was unisonoric (the same note is produced on pressing and drawing the bellows), while all other European types including Russian ones were bisonoric (two notes are produced on pressing and drawing the bellows). From those types under the probable influence of two-row bisonoric German accordions the first khromkas were made in 1890s. At first they were one of many types and were competing with other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livenka (music)
The livenka () or Livenskaya garmoshka () is a specific variety of accordion used in Russian folk music, specifically in the region around the town of Livny (Oryol Oblast), from which the instrument takes its name. Description *The livenka is a unisonoric instrument, meaning that each button produces the same tone, regardless of the direction of the bellows. *The right-hand buttons (of which there may be 12 to 15) play the notes of the '' obikhodnyy'' pitch set, which may also be thought of as a series of overlapping Mixolydian modes. (Banin, A.A. 1997. p.161) *The left-hand levers play intervals of thirds or fourths, so that adjacent levers operated simultaneously will play a triad. *The livenka has a very long bellows, when compared to other accordions—sometimes having forty folds, and extending to over a meter in length. History The name of the inventor of the livenka was not preserved. It is believed to have been developed in the second half of the 19th century as a modif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Reed Aerophone
A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument that produces sound as air flows past a vibrating reed (instrument), reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows. In the Hornbostel–Sachs system, it is number 412.13 (a member of interruptive free aerophones). Free reed instruments are contrasted with non-free or enclosed reed instruments, where the timbre is fully or partially dependent on the shape of the instrument body, Hornbostel–Sachs number: 42 (flute, reed aerophone, reed, and brass instrument, brass). Operation The following illustrations depict the type of reed typical of harmonicas, pitch pipes, accordions, and reed organs as it goes through a cycle of vibration. One side of the reed frame is omitted from the images for clarity; in reality, the frame completely encloses the reed. Airflow over one side of the reed (labeled “AR”) creates a region of low pressure on that side (see the Bernoulli's principle article for details), cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free-bass System
A free-bass system is a system of left-hand Bass (sound), bass button (control), buttons on an accordion, arranged to give the performer#Music, performer greater ability to play melodies with the left-hand and form one's own chord (music), chords. The left-hand buttonboard consists of single-note buttons with a range of three octaves or more, in contrast to the standard Stradella bass system, which offers a shorter range of single bass notes, plus preset major, minor, dominant seventh, and diminished chord buttons. (Pressing a single preset chord button sounds a three-note chord.) The term "free-bass system" refers to various left-hand manual systems that provide this functionality:Dan Lindgren,Free-bass Systems Compared The Stradella system does not have buttons for different octaves of the bass notes, which limits the types of melodies and basslines that can be performed with the left hand. * Two related layouts exist as mirror versions of the chromatic button accordion, these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accordion
Accordions (from 19th-century German language, German ', from '—"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a Reed (mouthpiece), reed in a frame). The essential characteristic of the accordion is to combine in one instrument a melody section, also called the descant, diskant, usually on the right-hand keyboard, with an accompaniment or Basso continuo functionality on the left-hand. The musician normally plays the melody on buttons or keys on the right-hand side (referred to as the Musical keyboard, keyboard or sometimes the manual (music), ''manual''), and the accompaniment on Bass (sound), bass or pre-set Chord (music), chord buttons on the left-hand side. A person who plays the accordion is called an accordionist. The accordion belongs to the free-reed aerophone family. Other instruments in this family include the concertina, harmonica, and bandoneon. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diatonic And Chromatic
Diatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are used to characterize Scale (music), scales. The terms are also applied to musical instruments, Interval (music), intervals, Chord (music), chords, Musical note, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony. They are very often used as a pair, especially when applied to contrasting features of the Common practice period, common practice music of the period 1600–1900. These terms may mean different things in different contexts. Very often, ''diatonic'' refers to musical elements derived from the modes and transpositions of the "white note scale" C–D–E–F–G–A–B. In some usages it includes all forms of heptatonic scale that are in common use in Western music (the major, and all forms of the minor). ''Chromatic'' most often refers to structures derived from the chromatic scale in 12-tone equal temperament, which consists of all semitones. Historically, however, it had other senses, referring in Ancient Greek mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryol Oblast
Oryol Oblast (), also known as Orlovshchina (), is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Oryol. Population: Geography It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District, in the Central Russian Upland. In terms of area, at it is one of the smallest federal subjects. From north to south, it extends for more than , and from west to east—for over . It borders Kaluga Oblast to the north-west, Tula Oblast to the north, Lipetsk Oblast to the east, Kursk Oblast to the south, and Bryansk Oblast to the west. There are of black earth soils (chernozems) in the oblast, which amounts to three-quarters of the world chernozem reserves. Climate The climate is temperate (Köppen climate classification, Köppen: Humid continental climate#Warm summer subtype, ''Dfb''). The winter is moderately cold, with an average January temperature from . Summers are w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circle Of Fifths
In music theory, the circle of fifths (sometimes also cycle of fifths) is a way of organizing pitches as a sequence of perfect fifths. Starting on a C, and using the standard system of tuning for Western music (12-tone equal temperament), the sequence is: C, G, D, A, E, B, F/G, C/D, G/A, D/E, A/B, F, and C. This order places the most closely related key signatures adjacent to one another. Twelve-tone equal temperament tuning divides each octave into twelve equivalent semitones, and the circle of fifths leads to a C seven octaves above the starting point. If the fifths are tuned with an exact frequency ratio of 3:2 (the system of tuning known as just intonation), this is not the case (the circle does not "close"). Definition The circle of fifths organizes pitches in a sequence of perfect fifths, generally shown as a circle with the pitches (and their corresponding keys) in clockwise order. It can be viewed in a counterclockwise direction as a circle of fourths. Harmonic progres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Busking Accordionist
Street performance or busking is the act of performing in public places for gratuity, gratuities. In many countries, the rewards are generally in the form of money but other gratuities such as food, drink or gifts may be given. Street performance is practiced all over the world and dates back to ancient history, antiquity. People engaging in this practice are called street performers or buskers, although ''busker'' is generally not used in American English. Performances are anything that people find entertainment, entertaining, including acrobatics, Animal training, animal tricks, balloon modelling, balloon twisting, caricatures, clowning, comedy, contortions, escapology, dance, singing, Fire performance, fire skills, flea circus, fortune-telling, juggling, magic (illusion), magic, mime artist, mime, living statue, musical performance, one man band, puppeteering, snake charming, storytelling or reciting poetry or prose, street art such as sketch (drawing), sketching and paintin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovenian Music
In the minds of many foreigners, Slovenian folk music means a form of polka that is still popular today, especially among expatriates and their descendants. However, there are many styles of Slovenian folk music beyond polka and waltz. , , , and are a few of the traditional music styles and dances. Prehistory The Divje Babe flute, a perforated bone found in a cave at the Divje Babe site Cerkno, Slovenia. It is controversially believed to be a flute, which makes it possibly the oldest known musical instrument ever. Its age is estimated at approximately 55,000 years. The history of modern Slovenian music can be traced back to the 5th century, when Christianity spread in Carantania. Liturgical hymns (''kyrie Eleison'') were introduced, and became the first plainchant to make a connection to the peoples' language. Classical music Medieval During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music, including wandering minnesingers. George Slatkonia, a Carniolan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
