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GSM Modem
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a family of standards to describe the protocols for second-generation ( 2G) digital cellular networks, as used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and mobile broadband modems. GSM is also a trade mark owned by the GSM Association. "GSM" may also refer to the voice codec initially used in GSM. 2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation ( 1G) analog cellular networks. The original GSM standard, which was developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony, employing time division multiple access (TDMA) between stations. This expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then by packet data transport via its upgraded standards, GPRS and then EDGE. GSM exists in various versions based on the frequency bands used. GSM was first implemented i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The majority of the population are Finns, ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish language, Finnish and Swedish language, Swedish; 84.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental climate, humid continental in the south to boreal climate, boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with List of lakes of Finland, more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period, last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by differen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal
The IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal is an award given by the IEEE and Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK. It is named after James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), who made fundamental contributions to the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation. The award is presented annually, and was established in 2006. The award is given annually to outstanding individuals in recognition of: "groundbreaking contributions that have had an exceptional impact on the development of electronics and electrical engineering, or related fields". Background The medal was jointly established in 2006 by the IEEE and Royal Society of Edinburgh UK, with initial funding by Wolfson Microelectronics Ltd. Following the acquisition of Wolfson Electronics by Cirrus Logic Inc., in 2014, the medal is now supported by Cirrus Logic. Recipients receive an honorarium, a gold medal, a bronze replica and a certificate. The award is given to one or two individuals. Award recommendations are established by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Haug
Thomas Haug (26 April 1927 – 9 December 2023) was a Norwegian-Swedish electrical engineer known for developing the Nordic Mobile Telephone, cellular telephone networks. Early life and education Thomas Haug was born in Norway on 26 April 1927. He received a master's degree in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Norway in Trondheim in 1951, and a degree of Licentiate from KTH—corresponding to a PhD—from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1973. Professional career Haug worked at the Ericsson group in Stockholm and with Westinghouse in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, primarily on radio projects. In 1966 Haug joined the Swedish Board of Telecommunications where, together with Östen Mäkitalo and lead the joint Nordic project for cellular communications called the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system. NMT was an analog mobile phone system commercialized in 1980 in Saudi Arabia and throughout the Nordic countries through 1982, reaching 1 million s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Dupuis (engineer)
Philippe Dupuis (; 1931-2019) was a French post-war telecommunications engineer, polytechnician, and a radiocommunications expert born in Saint Romain de Colbosc, Normandy, France. He co-invented Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). He was on the ETSI Technical Committee and also served as the president of the GSM group. Early life and education Dupuis received a laureate in mathematics in the general competition of high schools and colleges in 1949. He graduated from Polytechnique in 1956. Career Dupuis started his career at PTT or "Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones de France," in 1956. He supervised the launch of the first French mobile VHF telephony network covering Paris. Dupuis joined France Câbles & Radio, a state-owned company in 1962. The company sent him to Senegal for three years to oversee the activities in West Africa. In 1973, Dupuis led the creation of the Telecommunications Department for external networks. He re-joined PTT as the head of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the Øresund strait. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road. Originally a Vikings, Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. During the 16th century, the city served as the ''de facto'' capital of the Kalmar Union and the seat of the Union's monarchy, which governed most of the modern-day Nordic countries, Nordic region as part of a Danish confederation with Sweden and Norway. The city flourished as the cultural and economic centre of Scandinavia during the Renaissance. By the 17th century, it had become a regional centre of power, serving as the heart of the Danish government and Military history ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, Fashion capital, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the French art, arts and Science and technology in France, sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Conference Of Postal And Telecommunications Administrations
The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) was established on 26 June 1959 by nineteen European states in Montreux, Switzerland, as a coordinating body for European state telecommunications and postal organizations. The acronym comes from the French version of its name, . CEPT was responsible for the creation of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in 1988. Organization CEPT is organised into three main components: * Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) – responsible for radiocommunications and telecommunications matters and formed by the merger of ECTRA (European Committee for Telecommunications Regulatory Affairs) and ERC (European Radiocommunications Committee) in September 2001 **The permanent secretariat of the ECC is the European Communications Office (ECO) * European Committee for Postal Regulation (CERP, after the French ''"Comité européen des régulateurs postaux"'') – responsible for postal matt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dupuis Haug GSM Around 1990
Éditions Dupuis S.A. () is a Belgian publisher of comic albums and magazines. Based in Marcinelle near Charleroi, Dupuis is mostly famous for its comic albums and magazines. Initially a French language publisher, it now publishes numerous editions in both the French language and Dutch. Other language editions are mostly licensed to other publishers. History Early years Dupuis was founded in 1922 by Jean Dupuis (1875–1952). The growth of Dupuis towards becoming the leading comic book editor of Belgium started in 1938, when Dupuis added to its portfolio a men's magazine (''Le moustique'' he mosquitoin French, '' Humoradio'' in Dutch), a women's magazine (''Bonnes Soirées'' ood eveningsin French, ''De Haardvriend'' he hearth's friendin Dutch) and the children's comics magazine '' Spirou''. The latter was originally only in French, and contained a mixture of American comics (e.g. ''Superman'', '' Brick Bradford'', and '' Red Ryder'') and new creations ( and '' Tif et To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discontinuation
Medication discontinuation is the ceasing of a medication treatment for a patient by either the clinician or the patient themself. When initiated by the clinician, it is known as deprescribing. Medication discontinuation is an important medical practice that may be motivated by a number of reasons: * Reducing polypharmacy * Reducing health expenditure * Improving quality of life by ceasing medications with potential adverse effects or where the indication for a medical treatment may have changed * Reflect changes in evidence that support a treatment * Reflecting changes in treatment goals, such as a move to end-of-life care. Unlike the prescribing of medications, appropriate discontinuation has not attracted nearly as much attention or interest. End-of-life care Medications may be stopped in the context of end-of-life care, such as medications that may affect risk factors for future disease. Medications that may be stopped as part of discussions about end-of-life care inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
