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GPCR Neuropeptide Receptor
GPCR neuropeptide receptors are G-protein coupled receptors which bind various neuropeptides. Members include: * Neuropeptide B/W receptor ** NPBWR1 ** NPBWR2 * Neuropeptide FF receptor ** NPFFR1 ** NPFFR2 * Neuropeptide S receptor ** NPSR1 * Neuropeptide Y receptor Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are invo ... ** Y1 - NPY1R ** Y2 - NPY2R ** Y4 - PPYR1 ** Y5 - NPY5R References External links * * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G-protein Coupled Receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5) license. Ligands can bind either to extracellular N-terminus and loops (e.g. glutamate receptors) or to the binding site within transmembrane helices (Rhodopsin-like family). They are all activated by agonists although a spontaneous auto-activation of an empty receptor can also be observed. G protein-coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptides
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the gut, muscles, and heart. There are over 100 known neuropeptides, representing the largest and most diverse class of signaling molecules in the nervous system. Neuropeptides are synthesized from large precursor proteins which are cleaved and post-translationally processed then packaged into dense core vesicles. Neuropeptides are often co-released with other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a single neuron, yielding a multitude of effects. Once released, neuropeptides can diffuse widely to affect a broad range of targets. Synthesis Neuropeptides are synthesized from large, inactive precursor proteins called prepropeptides. Prepropeptides contain sequences for a family of distinct peptides and often contain repeated copies of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide B/W Receptor
The neuropeptide B/W receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the neuropeptides B and W. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the CNS and have a number of functions including regulation of the secretion of cortisol Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones. When used as a medication, it is known as hydrocortisone. It is produced in many animals, mainly by the '' zona fasciculata'' of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal g .... References External links * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Neuropeptide B W receptor G protein-coupled receptors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptides B/W Receptor 1
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 1, also known as NPBW1 and GPR7, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR1 gene. As implied by its name, it and related gene NPBW2 (with which it shares 70% nucleotide identity) are transmembranes protein that bind Neuropeptide B (NPB) and Neuropeptide W (NPW), both proteins expressed strongly in parts of the brain that regulate stress and fear including the extended amygdala and stria terminalis. When originally discovered in 1995, these receptors had no known ligands ("orphan receptors") and were called GPR7 and GPR8, but at least three groups in the early 2000s independently identified their endogenous ligands, triggering the name change in 2005. Structure NPBW1 has seven transmembrane domains, which it unsurprisingly shares with NPBWR2, but also a family of somatostatin and opioid receptors, and like these proteins couple to Gi-class G proteins. Functions In rodent models, NPBWR1 is over-expressed in Schwann cells associated with neuropathic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptides B/W Receptor 2
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2, also known as NPBW2, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and G protein-coupled receptor. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to another G protein-coupled receptor (GPR7), and it is structurally similar to opioid and somatostatin receptors. This protein binds neuropeptides B and W. This gene is intronless and is expressed primarily in the frontal cortex of the brain. See also * Neuropeptide B/W receptor The neuropeptide B/W receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the neuropeptides B and W. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the CNS and have a number of functions i ... References Further reading * * * * * * * External links * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide FF Receptor
The neuropeptide FF receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the pain modulatory neuropeptides AF and FF. The Neuropeptide FF receptor family is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily containing two subtypes, NPFF1 and NPFF2, which exhibit a high affinity for Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) peptides. NPFF1 is broadly distributed in the central nervous system with the highest levels found in the limbic system and the hypothalamus. NPFF2 is present in high density, particularly in mammals in the superficial layers of the spinal cord where it is involved in nociception and modulation of opioid functions. These receptors participate to the modulation of opioid receptor function in the brain and spinal cord, and can either reduce or increase opioid receptor function depending which tissue they are released in, reflecting a complex role for neuropeptide FF in pain responses. NPFF receptors are coupled to G prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide FF Receptor 1
Neuropeptide FF receptor 1, also known as NPFF1 is a human protein, encoded by the NPFFR1 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... See also * Neuropeptide FF receptor References Further reading * * External links * {{G protein-coupled receptors G protein-coupled receptors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide FF Receptor 2
Neuropeptide FF receptor 2, also known as NPFF2 is a human protein encoded by the NPFFR2 gene. See also * Neuropeptide FF receptor The neuropeptide FF receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the pain modulatory neuropeptides AF and FF. The Neuropeptide FF receptor family is a member of the G protein-coupled ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * External links * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide S Receptor
The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which binds neuropeptide S (NPS). It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a plasma membrane protein. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with this disease. Clinical significance In the CNS, activation of the NPSR by NPS promotes arousal and anxiolytic-like effects. In addition, mututations in NPSR have been linked to a susceptibility to asthma (rs3249801, A107I). Hence NPSR has also been called GPRA (G protein-coupled receptor for asthma susceptibility). Activation of NPSR in the airway epithelium has a number of effects including upregulation of matrix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide Y Receptor
Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are involved in the control of a diverse set of behavioral processes including appetite, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Activated neuropeptide receptors release the Gi subunit from the heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi subunit in turn inhibits the production of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Only the crystal structure of Y1 in complex with two antagonist is available. Types There are five known mammalian neuropeptide Y receptors designated Y1 through Y5. Four neuropeptide Y receptors each encoded by a different gene have been identified in humans, all of which may represent therapeutic targets for obesity and other disorders. * Y1 - * Y2 - * Y4 - * Y5 - Antagonists *BIBP-3226 *Lu AA-33810 *BIIE-0246 *UR-AK49 UR-AK49 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y1
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NPY1R'' gene. Selective ligands Agonists * Neuropeptide Y (endogenous agonist, non subtype selective) * Peptide YY Antagonists ;Peptide * BVD-10 (selective NPY1 antagonist, CAS# 262418-00-8) * GR-231,118 (mixed NPY1 antagonist / NPY4 agonist, CAS# 158859-98-4) ;Non-peptide * BIBO-3304 (CAS# 191868-14-1) * BIBP-3226 (CAS# 159013-54-4) * PD-160,170 (CAS# 181468-88-2) Available Structures 5ZBH(Neuropeptide Y1 bound to antagonist BMS-193835) 5ZBQ(Neuropeptide Y1 bound to antagonist UR-MK299) See also * Neuropeptide Y receptor Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are invo ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * G protein-cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y2
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (Y2R) is a member of the neuropeptide Y receptor family of G-protein coupled receptors, that in humans is encoded by the ''NPY2R'' gene. Selective ligands Agonists * Neuropeptide Y (endogenous agonist, non subtype selective) * Neuropeptide Y fragment 13-36 (NPY2 selective agonist) * Peptide YY * Peptide YY 3-36 fragment Antagonists * BIIE-0246 (CAS# 246146-55-4) * JNJ 5207787 (CAS# 683746-68-1) * SF 11 (CAS# 443292-81-7) See also * Neuropeptide Y receptor Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are invo ... References External links * Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
