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Fujiwara No Uchimaro
was a Japanese noble of the Nara period and early Heian period. He was the third son of the ''dainagon'' Fujiwara no Matate and thus a member of the Hokke. He reached the court rank of and the position of ''udaijin'', and posthumously of and ''daijō-daijin''. He was also known as . He served the emperors Kanmu, Heizei, and Saga, and was trusted and valued by each. He succeeded his uncle Nagate and his line as the head of the family. Unlike his father, whose secondary status in the family had prevented him from making ''daijin'', Uchimaro rose to ''udaijin'', and led the cabinet in Heizei's reign and the beginning of Saga's. He had many children, helping to lay the foundation for the later success of the Hokke. Life On the ascension of Emperor Kanmu in 781, Uchimaro was promoted from to . He was consecutively promoted in 785, 786, and 787, culminating in the rank of . This came shortly after Uchimaro's first wife, Kudara no Nagatsugu, who had since become a court lady, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokke (Fujiwara)
The was one of the four houses of the powerful Fujiwara clan, the other three being the Nanke, Kyōke and Shikike. The Hokke were the ''de facto'' rulers of Japan through their hereditary position as imperial regents ( ''Sesshō'' and ''Kampaku''). In the Kamakura period, it split into the Five regent houses, who continued to monopolize the regency from the 12th century until 1868. After the Meiji Restoration, these houses were appointed Duke in the new hereditary peerage. History The Hokke was founded by Fujiwara no Fusasaki, the second son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, in the Heian period. Fusasaki had three brothers: Muchimaro, Maro and Umakai, and these four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara; the Hokke, Nanke, Kyōke and Shikike. During the time of Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, the Hokke became prosperous after Fuyutsugu was appointed ''kurōdo-no-tō'' (Head Chamberlain). His son Fujiwara no Yoshifusa became the first ''sesshō'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujiwara No Tsuginawa
, also known as Fujiwara no Tsugutada and Monozomo no Udajin, was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Nara period.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Tsuginawa" in ; Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). Career In 780 (''Hōki 11''), Tsuginawa is given the title ''sei-i-tai-shogun'' (barbarian subduing general) for an expedition to northern Honshu to subdue the ''emishi'', also known as the ''ebisu''. Tsuginawa served as a minister during the reign of Emperor Kanmu. * 788 (''Enryaku 7, 1st month''): Tsuginawa participates in the coming of age ceremony for Ate-''shinno'' (安殿親王) who would become Emperor Heizei. * 790 (''Enryaku 9, 2nd month''): Tsuginawa was named ''udaijin''. * 796 (''Enryaku 15, 16th day of the 7th month''): Tsuginawa died at age 70. Genealogy This member of the Fujiwara clan was the son of Toyonari. He was the father of Fujiwara no Otoaki. Selected works In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Osabe
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word ''prince'', from the Latin noun , from (first) and (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince". Historical background The Latin word (older Latin *prīsmo-kaps, literally "the one who takes the first lace/position), became the usual title of the informal leader of the Roman senate some centuries before the transition to empire, the ''princeps senatus''. Emperor Augustus established the formal position of monarch on the basis of principate, not dominion. He also tasked his grandsons as summer rulers of the city when most of the government were on holiday in the country or attending religious rituals, and, for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kōfuku-ji
is a Buddhist temple that was once one of the powerful Seven Great Temples in the city of Nara, Japan. The temple is the national headquarters of the Hossō school. History Kōfuku-ji has its origin as a temple that was established in 669 by Kagami-no-Ōkimi (), the wife of Fujiwara no Kamatari, wishing for her husband’s recovery from illness. Its original site was in Yamashina, Yamashiro Province (present-day Kyoto). In 672, the temple was moved to Fujiwara-kyō, the first planned Japanese capital to copy the orthogonal grid pattern of Chang'an. In 710, the temple was dismantled for the second time and moved to its present location, on the east side of the newly constructed capital, Heijō-kyō, today's Nara. Kōfuku-ji was the Fujiwara's tutelary temple, and enjoyed prosperity for as long as the family did. The temple was not only an important center for the Buddhist religion, but also retained influence over the imperial government, and even by "aggressive means" in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujiwara No Fuyutsugu
was a Japanese noble, statesman, general, and poet of the early Heian period. A member of the Hokke, he was the second son of the ''udaijin'' Fujiwara no Uchimaro. He attained the court rank of and the position of ''sadaijin'', and posthumously of and ''daijō-daijin''. He was also known as . Life In the court of Emperor Kanmu, Fuyutsugu held posts as chief judge and then as a captain in the imperial guard. Upon Emperor Heizei's ascension in 806, Fuyutsugu was promoted to and . The next year, he was promoted to . Even while so supporting Crown Prince Kamino, he also held a position as chamberlain, and as in the ''daijō-kan''. In 809, Emperor Saga assumed the throne, and Fuyutsugu was promoted at a stroke to and in the Imperial Guard. As a close aide of the emperor since his days as crown prince, Fuyutsugu had Saga's deep trust, and when the was created as a new secretarial organ for the emperor in response to the Kusuko Incident, Fuyutsugu was made its first head ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanyin
Guanyin () is a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. She is the East Asian representation of Avalokiteśvara ( sa, अवलोकितेश्वर) and has been adopted by other Eastern religions, including Chinese folk religion. She was first given the appellation of "Goddess of Mercy" or "Mercy Goddess" by Jesuit missionaries in China. Guanyin is short for Guanshiyin, which means "he One WhoPerceives the Sounds of the World." On the 19th day of the sixth lunar month, Guanyin's attainment of Buddhahood is celebrated. Some Buddhists believe that when one of their adherents departs from this world, they are placed by Guanyin in the heart of a lotus, and then sent to the western pure land of Sukhāvatī. Guanyin is often referred to as the "most widely beloved Buddhist Divinity" with miraculous powers to assist all those who pray to her, as is mentioned in the ''Pumen chapter'' of '' Lotus Sutra'' and '' Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra''. Several large temples in East Asia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Heavenly Kings
The Four Heavenly Kings are four Buddhist gods, each of whom is believed to watch over one cardinal direction of the world. In Chinese mythology, they are known collectively as the "Fēng Tiáo Yǔ Shùn" () or "Sìdà Tiānwáng" (). In the ancient language Sanskrit, they are called the "Chaturmahārāja" (चतुर्महाराज) or "Chaturmahārājikādeva": "Four Great Heavenly Kings". The Hall of Four Heavenly Kings is a standard component of Chinese Buddhist temples. Names The Kings are collectively named as follows: The Four Heavenly Kings are said to currently live in the Cāturmahārājika heaven (Pali: Cātummahārājika, "Of the Four Great Kings") on the lower slopes of Mount Sumeru, which is the lowest of the six worlds of the devas of the Kāmadhātu. They are the protectors of the world and fighters of evil, each able to command a legion of supernatural creatures to protect the Dharma. File:Guardian of Phra Meru Mas of Bhumibol Adulyadej - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nihon Kōki
is an officially commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 840, it is the third volume in the Six National Histories. It covers the years 792–833. Background Following the earlier national history ''Shoku Nihongi'' (797), in 819 Emperor Saga ordered the compilation of the years since then. Primarily edited by Fujiwara no Otsugu, Minamoto no Tokiwa, Fujiwara no Yoshino and Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, the text was completed in 840. Much of the text was lost during the Ōnin and Bunmei Wars in the late 15th century. Of the original 40 volumes, only ten currently exist: 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20–22, and 24. Contents Written in kanbun-style, the contents covered the years 792 through 833. It spans four imperial reigns: Kanmu, Heizei, Saga, Junna. The text is characteristic in that it contains criticism of emperors and officials as well as poetry. See also * '' Ruijū Kokushi'', a categorized and chronological history text of the ''Six National Histories''; valuable resou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadaijin
The ''Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary'', Kenkyusha Limited, was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''sadaijin'' in the context of a central administrative body called the ''Daijō-kan'' (Council of State). This early Daijō-kan was composed of the three ministers—the '' daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the ''sadaijin'' and the '' udaijin'' (Minister of the Right).Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1993)''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232./ref> The ''sadaijin'' was the Senior Minister of State, overseeing all functions of government with the '' udaijin'' as his deputy.''Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten'',Sanseido Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1974 Within the ''Daijō-kan'', the ''sadaijin'' was second only to the '' daijō-daijin'' (the Great Minister, or Chancellor of the Realm) in power and influence. Frequently, a member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kusuko Incident
The , also known as the , occurred in the early Heian period. In 810, Emperor Saga and ex-Emperor Heizei stood in opposition, but Saga's side quickly raised enough troops to resolve the confrontation, making Heizei become a monk. Heizei's lover the Fujiwara no Kusuko and her older brother the '' sangi'' Fujiwara no Nakanari were punished for the incident. The incident was originally viewed as having been precipitated by Kusuko herself, and thus was called the "Kusuko Incident". In recent years, the view that the incident was caused by the division of power between the emperor of Japan and retired emperor under the Ritsuryō system has taken root. Since 2003, some Japanese high school textbooks have begun to refer to the incident as the "Retired Emperor Heizei Incident". Background When Emperor Kanmu died in 806, his son Crown Prince Ate took the throne as Emperor Heizei. Heizei in turn appointed his younger brother Prince Kamino as crown prince. This decision is thought to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Miwa
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word ''prince'', from the Latin noun , from (first) and (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince". Historical background The Latin word (older Latin *prīsmo-kaps, literally "the one who takes the first lace/position), became the usual title of the informal leader of the Roman senate some centuries before the transition to empire, the ''princeps senatus''. Emperor Augustus established the formal position of monarch on the basis of principate, not dominion. He also tasked his grandsons as summer rulers of the city when most of the government were on holiday in the country or attending religious rituals, and, for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugano No Mamichi
, originally known as , was a Japanese noble of the early Heian period. He reached the court rank of and the position of '' sangi''. Life In 778, Mamichi was appointed as an in the Ministry of the Center. In 783, he was conferred the rank of . In this period, he also held various posts in the imperial guard and as a regional administrator. In 785, with the investiture of Prince Ate, the future Emperor Heizei, as Crown Prince, Mamichi was promoted to and appointed . In 790 Mamichi appealed to have his family's rank increased from '' muraji'' to ''ason'', and was granted the new family name of Sugano no Ason, based on his place of residence. Thanks to the confidence of Emperor Kanmu, Mamichi was able to hold increasingly important positions in the imperial guard and the daijō-kan. He was also deeply involved as an assistant director in the construction of the new capital at Heian-kyō. During the same period, his court rank steadily rose, to in 789, in 791, in 794, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
