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Front National Des Musiciens
Known by several names, including 'Comité de Front national des musiciens', the Front national des musiciens was an organisation of musicians in Nazi occupied France that was part of the French Resistance set up at the instigation of the French Communist Party, in May 1941. Active until the autumn of 1944, the group's most prominent members were composers Elsa Barraine and Louis Durey, and conductor Roger Désormière. Origins Elsa Barraine, Roger Désormière and Louis Durey (all Communist militants) met in the autumn of 1940. The group, led by Elsa Barraine, published a manifesto in September 1941 in ''L'Université libre'', the clandestine magazine created by Jacques Decour ("We refuse to betray", the musicians declared). From April 1942, the group published its own clandestine journal, ''Musiciens d'aujourd'hui'' (incorporated into ''Les Lettres françaises'' from March 1944) and then, from September 1943, a second journal, ''Le Musicien Patriote''. Barraine, Auric, Dés ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Occupation Of France During World War II
The Military Administration in France (; ) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Armistice of 22 June 1940 after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had dissolved in defeat. Though nominally extending its sovereignty over the whole co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irène Joachim
Irène Joachim (13 March 1913 - 20 April 2001) was a French soprano, and later a vocal teacher. Early life Daughter of German officer Herman Joachim and French violinist Suzanne Chaigneau, and granddaughter of the violinist Joseph Joachim, she learnt violin and piano as a child. She was bilingual in German and French. Just before the outbreak of the First World War she and her parents left Paris for Berlin, staying in a pension in the Lutherstrasse for the remainder of the war. Her father died of tuberculosis in 1917, and due to the hardships of life in the German capital Joachim was sent back to France in the autumn of 1918, living with an aunt before her mother returned in 1920.Massin B. ''Les Joachim – Une famille de musiciens.'' Fayard, Paris, 1999. Due to health problems and her mother's professional life-style, Joachim was educated privately, firstly by Jeanne Favart. Afternoons were devoted to music studies : violin, piano and solfège. As a child she heard musicians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Grimault
Paul Grimault (; 23 March 1905 – 29 March 1994) was one of the most important French animators. He made many traditionally animated films that were delicate in style, satirical, and lyrical. His most important work is ''Le Roi et l'oiseau'', which ultimately took over 30 years to produce. He began it as ''La Bergère et le Ramoneur'' (''The Shepherdess and the Chimney Sweep'') in 1948, and it was highly anticipated, but Grimault's partner André Sarrut showed the film unfinished work, unfinished in 1952, against Grimault's wishes. This caused a rift between partners and a stop in production. In 1967, Grimault got possession of the film and subsequently was able to complete it in 1980 under a new title, ''Le Roi et l'oiseau,'' incorporating some footage from the original and re-hiring the original animators, together with some new, younger ones. There are many names for it in English that have been used in various releases, including: ''The King and the Bird'' (literal), ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Daquin
Louis Daquin (20 May 1908 – 2 October 1980) was a French film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed 14 films between 1938 and 1963. He also appeared in 11 films between 1937 and 1979. Selected filmography * ''The Man from Nowhere (1937 film), The Man from Nowhere'' (1937) * ''Portrait of Innocence'' (1941) * ''Strange Inheritance (film), Strange Inheritance'' (1943) * ''First on the Rope'' (1944) * ''Patrie (1946 film), Patrie'' (1946) * ''The Bouquinquant Brothers'' (1947) * ''Mystery Trip'' (1947) * ''Daybreak (1949 film), Daybreak'' (1949) * ''The Perfume of the Lady in Black (1949 film), The Perfume of the Lady in Black'' (1949) * ''Skipper Next to God'' (1951) * ''Bel Ami (1955 film), Bel Ami'' (1955) * ''Ciulinii Bărăganului (film), Ciulinii Bărăganului'' (1958) (co-director, with Gheorghe Vitanidis) * ''The Opportunists (1960 film), The Opportunists'' (1959) * ''La Foire aux cancres'' (1963) References External links * 1908 births 1980 deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Wiéner
Jean Wiener (or Wiéner) (19 March 1896, 14th arrondissement of Paris – 8 June 1982, Paris) was a French pianist and composer. Life Wiener was trained at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he studied alongside Darius Milhaud, and worked with Erik Satie. He then embarked on a career as concert impresario, composer and pianist. He was the house pianist at the ''Gaya'' bar, and later at '' Le Boeuf sur le Toit''. In 1924, a chance encounter with Clement Doucet (who succeeded him at Le Boeuf) brought him into the world of popular music. Already a jazz enthusiast, Wiener found fame with Doucet in the music hall s of Europe as a piano duo,Jean-Pierre Thiollet, ''88 notes pour piano solo'', « Solo de duo », Neva Editions, 2015, p.97. under the name ''"Wiener et Doucet"'' in which they performed classical music, hot dance and jazz. The two friends recorded many duos between 1925 and 1937. After the end of the war in 1945, Wiener devoted himself fully to composition, notably film ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lily Pastré
Countess Lily Pastré (a.k.a. Marie-Louise Double de Saint-Lambert) (1891–1974) was a French heiress and patron of the arts. She sheltered many Jewish artists in her Château Pastré in Marseille during World War II. After the war, she helped establish the Aix-en-Provence Festival, an annual opera festival in Aix-en-Provence. Biography Early life Marie-Louise Double de Saint-Lambert was born in 1891 at 167 rue Paradis in Marseille.Le Salon de Lily, Hommage à la Comtesse Pastré, mécène , Culture 13 , Culture 13 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Paray
Paul Marie-Adolphe Charles Paray (French: [pɔl paʁɛ]; 24 May 1886 – 10 October 1979) was a French conductor, organist and composer. After winning France's top musical award, the Prix de Rome, he fought in the First World War and was a prisoner of war for nearly four years. He held a succession of chief conductorships, including those of the Lamoureux Orchestra, Lamoureux and Colonne Orchestra, Colonne Orchestras in Paris and the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra in Monaco. For ten years from 1952 he was chief conductor of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, with which he made a celebrated series of recordings for Mercury Records#Mercury Living Presence series, Mercury Records' "Living Presence" series, many of which have been digitally released in the 21st century. Life and career Early years Paul Paray was born in Le Tréport, Normandy, on 10 October 1886,Goodwin, Noë"Paray, Paul" ''Grove Music Online'', Oxford University Press, 2011 , the second son and youngest of three chil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Munch (conductor)
Charles Munch (; born Karl Münch; 26 September 1891 – 6 November 1968) was an Alsacian French symphonic conductor and violinist. Noted for his mastery of the French orchestral repertoire, he was best known as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Life and career Munch was born in 1891 in Strasbourg, Alsace. The son of organist and choir director Ernst Münch, he was the fifth of six children. He was the brother of conductor Fritz Münch and the cousin of conductor and composer Hans Münch. Although his first ambition was to be a locomotive engineer, he studied violin at the Strasbourg Conservatory. His father, Ernst, was a professor of organ at the conservatory and performed at the cathedral; he also directed an orchestra with his son Charles in the second violins. After receiving his diploma in 1912, Charles studied with Carl Flesch in Berlin and Lucien Capet at the Conservatoire de Paris. He was conscripted into the German army in World War I, serving as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Rosenthal
Manuel Rosenthal (18 June 1904 – 5 June 2003) was a French composer and conductor who held leading positions with musical organizations in France and the United States. He was friends with many contemporary composers, and despite a considerable list of compositions is mostly remembered for having orchestrated the popular ballet score ''Gaîté Parisienne'' from piano scores of Offenbach operettas, and for his recordings as a conductor. Early life and career Rosenthal was born in Paris to Anna Devorsosky, of Russian-Jewish descent, and a French father he never met.Nichols R. Manuel Rosenthal: Obituary. ''The Guardian'', 9 June 2003. His surname was taken from his stepfather, Bernard Rosenthal. He started his musical studies on violin at age 6, which he played in cafés and cinemas after his stepfather's death in 1918 to support his mother and sisters.Anderson, Martin, "A Century in Music: Manuel Rosenthal in Conversation" (April 2000). ''Tempo'' (New Ser.) (212): pp. 31-37. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service Du Travail Obligatoire
The ' (STO; ) was the forced enlistment and deportation of hundreds of thousands of French workers to Nazi Germany to work as Forced labor in Germany during World War II, forced labour for the German war effort during World War II. The STO was created under laws and regulations of Vichy France, but it was used by Nazi Germany to compensate for its loss of manpower as it enlisted more and more soldiers for the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front. The German government promised that for every three French workers sent it would release one French prisoner of war (POW). Those requisitioned under the STO were accommodated in work camps on German soil. French forced laborers were the only nationality to have been required to serve by the laws of their own state rather than by German orders. This was an indirect consequence of the autonomy negotiated from the German administration by the Vichy government. A total of 600,000 to 650,000 French workers were sent to Germany betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Chailley
Jacques Chailley (24 March 1910 – 21 January 1999) was a French musicologist and composer. Alain Lompech, "Jacques Chailley, musicologue-praticien et infatigable chercheur", ''Consociatio internationalis musicæ sacræ, Musicæ sacræ ministerium'', Anno XXXIV-XXXVI (1997 - 1999), Rome, p. 146 - 147 Biography Chailley’s mother was the pianist Céliny Chailley-Richez (1884–1973), his father the cellist Marcel Chailley (1881–1936). Adolescent, he was a boarder at the Fontgombault Abbey (Indre) where he learned to play the organ and learned about choir directing. At the age of 14, he composed a four-voice ''Domine non sum dignus''. He received a classical and musical training of high quality, studying harmony with Nadia Boulanger, counterpoint and fugue with Claude Delvincourt, musicology with Yvonne Rokseth who gave him insight into medieval music. At the Conservatoire de Paris, he followed Maurice Emmanuel's class of music history and studied music composition with Hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Dutilleux
Henri Paul Julien Dutilleux (; 22 January 1916 – 22 May 2013) was a French composer of late 20th-century classical music. Among the leading French composers of his time, his work was rooted in the Impressionistic style of Debussy and Ravel, but in an idiosyncratic, individual style. Among his best known works are his early Flute Sonatine and Piano Sonata; concertos for cello, ''Tout un monde lointain...'' ("A whole distant world") and violin, ''L'arbre des songes'' ("The tree of dreams"); a string quartet known as ''Ainsi la nuit'' ("Thus the night"); and two symphonies: No. 1 (1951) and No. 2 ''Le Double'' (1959). Works were commissioned from him by such major artists as Charles Munch, George Szell, Mstislav Rostropovich, the Juilliard String Quartet, Isaac Stern, Paul Sacher, Anne-Sophie Mutter, Simon Rattle, Renée Fleming, and Seiji Ozawa. In addition to composing, he worked as the Head of Music Production for Radio France for 18 years. He also taught a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
