Freisinn (Goethe)
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Freisinn (Goethe)
"Freisinn" (free spirit, free mind) is a poem written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1815, first published in West-Eastern Divan in 1819. Composition The first verse is inspired by the dictum of a free-spirited Ghalghai (Ingush) highlander, who, by the account of Moritz von Engelhardt in 1811, rejected the proposition of subservience to the rule of the Tsar, with a short phrase: "Above my hat are only the stars". The second verse is derived from a passage from the Quran. Publications The first German researcher to reveal the connection between the Ingush man's phrase and the poem was Christian Friedrich Wurm in his ''Commentary on Göthe's West-Eastern Diwan''. This would later on be confirmed in the works of Joseph Kürschner, Dieter Borchmeyer and Martin Mosebach. The following excerpt was published in the ''Neue Speyerer Zeitung'' on 11 July 1820:A free Ingush in the Caucasus, who was told of the benefits he could receive if he went under the rule of the Russian ...
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Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Political philosophy#European Enlightenment, political, and Western philosophy, philosophical thought in the Western world from the late 18th century to the present.. A poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre-director, and critic, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe bibliography, his works include plays, poetry and aesthetic criticism, as well as treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. Goethe took up residence in Weimar in 1775 following the success of his first novel, ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (1774), and joined a thriving intellectual and cultural environment under the patronage of Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess Anna Amalia that formed the basis of Weimar Classicism. He was ennobled by Karl August, G ...
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Dieter Borchmeyer
Dieter Borchmeyer (born 3 May 1941 in Recklinghausen) is a German literary critic. Borchmeyer is Professor Emeritus of Modern German Literature (''Neuere Deutsche Literatur'') and Dramatic Theory (''Theaterwissenschaft'') at the University of Heidelberg, where he is currently ''Seniorprofessor''. Borchmeyer is president of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts. His principal fields are German literature from the 18th to the 20th century and music theatre. He has published on Goethe, Schiller, Mozart and Richard Wagner. Life Borchmeyer began his study of ''German studies'' and Catholic Theology in 1961 at the University of Munich. After gaining his doctorate in 1970 he taught from 1972 until 1979 at a Munich ''Gymnasium'' and simultaneously carried out teaching duties at the German Department of the University. After his ''Habilitation'' in 1979 he taught at the Universities of Erlangen and Würzburg. In 1982 he was called to the Professorship of Dramatic Theory at the University ...
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Poetry By Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in place of, Denotation, literal or surface-level meanings. Any particular instance of poetry is called a poem and is written by a poet. Poets use a variety of techniques called poetic devices, such as assonance, alliteration, Phonaesthetics#Euphony and cacophony, euphony and cacophony, onomatopoeia, rhythm (via metre (poetry), metre), and sound symbolism, to produce musical or other artistic effects. They also frequently organize these effects into :Poetic forms, poetic structures, which may be strict or loose, conventional or invented by the poet. Poetic structures vary dramatically by language and cultural convention, but they often use Metre (poetry), rhythmic metre (patterns of syllable stress or syllable weight, syllable (mora) weight ...
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Myrthen
''Myrthen'' (''Myrtus communis, Myrtles''), Opus number, Op. 25, is a song cycle composed in the spring of 1840 by Robert Schumann. Its 26 Lieder were written as a wedding gift for his fiancée, Clara Schumann, Clara Wieck, and presented to her on the eve of their wedding which took place on 12 September that year. The cycle was published that same month, with a dedication to Clara, in four books by Kistner in Leipzig where the couple lived. The texts are poems by various authors, including eight by Robert Burns, translated into German by the poet Wilhelm Gerhard, and several each by Friedrich Rückert, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Heinrich Heine. The cycle was originally published in a version for high voice, but has been performed by singers of all voice types, sometimes by a woman and man alternating. The opening song "Widmung" (Dedication) is the best-known song from the cycle. Regarded as a profound expression of marital devotion, it was one of Clara Schumann's favourite ...
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Clara Schumann
Clara Josephine Schumann (; ; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic music, Romantic era, she exerted her influence over the course of a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital by lessening the importance of purely virtuoso, virtuosic works. She also composed solo piano pieces, a Piano Concerto (Clara Schumann), Piano Concerto, chamber music, choral pieces, and songs. She grew up in Leipzig, where both her father Friedrich Wieck and her mother Mariane Bargiel, Mariane were pianists and piano teachers. In addition, her mother was a singer. Clara was a child prodigy, and was trained by her father. She began touring at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She married the composer Robert Schumann, on 12 September 1840, and the couple had eight children. Together, they encouraged Johan ...
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Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber music, chamber groups, orchestra, choir and the opera. His works typify the spirit of the Romantic era in German music. Schumann was born in Zwickau, Saxony, to an affluent middle-class family with no musical connections, and was initially unsure whether to pursue a career as a lawyer or to make a living as a pianist-composer. He studied law at the universities of Leipzig University, Leipzig and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg but his main interests were music and Romantic literature. From 1829 he was a student of the piano teacher Friedrich Wieck, but his hopes for a career as a virtuoso pianist were frustrated by a worsening problem with his right hand, and he concentrated on composition. His early works were mainly piano pieces, inclu ...
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Martin Mosebach
Martin Mosebach (born 31 July 1951, in Frankfurt am Main) is a German writer. Biography He has published novels, stories, and collections of poems, written scripts for several films, opera libretti, theatre and radio plays. His first major non-fiction work is the book '' The 21 - A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs'' detailing his visit to Egypt to examine the lives of the 21 Coptic martyrs beheaded by ISIS in 2015. The German Academy for Language and Literature praised him for "combining stylistic splendour with original storytelling that demonstrates a humorous awareness of history." He is a Traditionalist Roman Catholic. Among Mosebach's works translated into English is '' The Heresy of Formlessness'', a collection of essays on the Latin language Tridentine Mass and its replacement by the vernacular Mass of Paul VI, as viewed from the perspective of a Catholic author and intellectual. It has been published in the United States by Ignatius Press. The book argues for ...
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Joseph Kürschner
Joseph Kürschner (20 September 1853, in Gotha – 29 July 1902, on a journey to Huben) was a German author and editor most often cited for his critical edition of classics from German literature. Biography At first engaged in mechanical engineering, he afterwards studied at the University of Leipzig. Then he lived several years in Berlin. He then managed the Stuttgart periodical ''Vom Fels zum Meer'' (1881–89). From 1880 to 1882, he was editor of ''Neue Zeit'', official organ of German dramatical authors and composers, then from 1885 to 1886 he edited ''Deutsche Schriftstellerzeitung'' (German writers' newspaper). He was appointed literary director of the Deutsche Verlagsanstalt and moved in 1893 to Eisenach. In 1889, he was made councilor (''Hofrat'') and professor by Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Besides several publications connected with the history of German theater, he edited successively in Berlin and Stuttgart Stuttgart (; ; Swabian German, Swabian: ...
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West–östlicher Divan
' (; ''West–Eastern Diwan'') is a diwan, or collection of lyrical poems, by the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. It was inspired by Goethe's readings of the Persian national poet Hafez. Composition ''West–Eastern Diwan'' was written between 1814 and 1819, the year when it was first published. It was inspired by Goethe's correspondence with Marianne von Willemer and the translation of Hafez's poems by the orientalist Joseph von Hammer. An expanded version was printed in 1827. It is part of Goethe's late work and the last great cycle of poetry he wrote. The initial issue consisted of twelve books: * Book of the Singer (Moganni Nameh) * Book of Hafiz (Hafis Nameh) * Book of Love (Uschk Nameh) * Book of Reflection (Tefkir Nameh) * Book of Ill Humour (Rendsch Nameh) * Book of Maxims (Hikmet Nameh) * Book of Timur (Timur Nameh) * Book of Zuleika (Suleika Nameh) * Book of the Cupbearer (Saki Nameh) * Book of Parables (Mathal Nameh) * Book of the Parsees (Parsi Nameh) * ...
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Allah
Allah ( ; , ) is an Arabic term for God, specifically the God in Abrahamic religions, God of Abraham. Outside of the Middle East, it is principally associated with God in Islam, Islam (in which it is also considered the proper name), although the term was used in pre-Islamic Arabia and continues to be used today by Arabic-speaking adherents of any of the Abrahamic religions, including God in Judaism, Judaism and God in Christianity, Christianity. It is thought to be derived by contraction from ''Arabic definite article, al-Ilah, ilāh'' (, ) and is linguistically related to God's names in other Semitic languages, such as Aramaic ( ) and Hebrew language, Hebrew ( ). The word "Allah" now conveys the superiority or sole existence of Monotheism, one God, but among the Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia#Role of Allah, pre-Islamic Arabs, Creator deity, Allah was a supreme deity and was worshipped alongside lesser deities in a Pantheon (religion), pantheon. Many Jews, Christians, and ea ...
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Quran
The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic, Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad through the Angel#Islam, angel Gabriel#Islam, Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Night of Power, Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important Islamic view of miracles, miracle, a proof of his prophet ...
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