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Frederick III 'The Simple'
Frederick IV (or III) (in Italian, ''Federico''; 1 September 1341 – Messina 27 July 1377Setton, Kenneth M. (1975) " Volume III: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries", Edited by Harry W. Hazzard, page 214.), called the Simple, was King of Sicily from 1355 to 1377. He was the second son of Peter II of Sicily and Elisabeth of Carinthia. He succeeded his brother Louis. The documents of his era call him the "infante Frederick, ruler of the kingdom of Sicily", without any regnal number. "Frederick the Simple" is often confused with an earlier Sicilian monarch, his grandfather Frederick III, who chose to call himself "Frederick III" even though he was actually only the second King Frederick to occupy the Sicilian throne; his self-appellation was sometimes retained by later generations of genealogists and historians, producing rival numberings of Sicilian kings named Frederick. The first King Frederick on the Sicilian throne was the latter's great-grandfather, King Frederick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierreale
The pierreale (plural ''pierreali'', i.e. "''Spanish real, reale'' of Peter") was a silver coin minted by the Kingdom of Trinacria (Sicily) between the reigns of Peter III of Aragon, Peter I (1282–1285) and Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ferdinand II (1479–1516). It was equivalent in weight and fineness to the Kingdom of Naples, Neapolitan ''Gigliato, carlino'' and was sometimes called a ''carlino''. It carried on the obverse the imperial eagle, the favoured emblem of the Staufer dynasty of Peter I's queen, Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon, Constance II, and on the reverse the Coat of arms of Aragon, arms of Aragon, representing Peter's native kingdom. The design deliberately contrasted with that of the ''carlino''. After Alfonso V of Aragon, Alfonso I's conquest of Naples in 1442, he replaced the arms with an image of the seated ruler (in imitation of the ''carlino'') and replaced the eagle with the quartered arms of Aragon and Naples.Philip Grierson and Lucia Travaini, ''Medieval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphemia Of Sicily
Euphemia of Sicily (1330–1359) was a Sicilian princess regent. She ruled the Kingdom of Sicily as regent from 1355 until 1357 during the minority reign of her brother, King Frederick the Simple. Life She was the daughter of King Peter II and his wife, Elisabeth of Carinthia.Eufemia d'Aragona, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Her father died in 1342 and her brother Louis succeeded him under the regency of their uncle and, from 1348, their mother. When their mother died in 1352, her sister succeeded her mother as regent during the minority of her brother. In 1355 she succeeded her sister Constance as regent, after the latter succumbed to the Black Death The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the list of epidemics, most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. .... Her regency had made marria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick I Of Athens
Frederick I (died 11 July 1355) was the Duke of Athens and Neopatria from 1348 to his death, also the Count of Malta. He succeeded his father John, Duke of Randazzo, in Greece after his father died of the Black Plague, but he too died of the same plague seven years later. Frederick was an absentee lord throughout his reign, although his regent Blasco II of Alagona, urged him to visit his duchy in 1349. Frederick appointed Ramón Bernardi as his vicar general there, but the latter was opposed by the baronage, who requested his removal from power just before the duke died. Frederick died young and was buried in Sant'Agata in Palermo Palermo ( ; ; , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan province. The .... References * *Setton, Kenneth M. ''Catalan Domination of Athens 1311–1380''. Revised edition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonia Visconti
Antonia Visconti (born after 1350, probably about 1360, Milan – 16 March 1405, Stuttgart) was Countess of Württemberg. Family Antonia was the tenth of 17 children of Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan. She was one of the 13 legitimately born children from his marriage to Beatrice Regina della Scala from the Scaliger family, the lords of Verona. Antonia's sister Taddea Visconti married Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria and was mother of Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France and ancestor to some notable people in history, including the Tudor Dynasty. Another sister, Agnes, married Francesco I Gonzaga and was executed for supposed adultery in 1391. Antonia's youngest sister Elisabetta was married to Ernest, Duke of Bavaria. Antonia's maternal grandparents were Mastino II della Scala and his wife Taddea da Carrara. Her paternal grandparents were Stefano Visconti and his wife Valentina Doria. Her father Bernabò was a cruel and ruthless despot, and an implacable enem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Villeneuve
The Treaty of Villeneuve (1372) was the definitive agreement that ended the dispute between the House of Anjou and the House of Barcelona over the Kingdom of Sicily that began ninety years earlier in 1282. Its final form was approved by Pope Gregory XI in a bull issued at Villeneuve-lès-Avignon on 20 August 1372, and it was ratified by Queen Joan I of Naples and King Frederick IV of Sicily on 31 March 1373 at Aversa, in Joan's kingdom, in front of the papal legate, Jean de Réveillon, Bishop of Sarlat. Background In 1266, Charles, Count of Anjou, took the Kingdom of Sicily by force at the invitation of the pope. The kingdom at that time included the island of Sicily and all of southern Italy. In 1282, a revolt broke out against the French on Sicily, the so-called Sicilian Vespers. King Peter III of Aragon, who claimed the kingdom as his inheritance through his wife, took advantage of the situation and invaded the island. The protracted War of the Vespers only ended in 1302 wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter IV Of Aragon
Peter IV (Catalan: ''Pere IV d'Aragó;'' Aragonese; ''Pero IV d'Aragón;'' 5 September 1319 – 6 January 1387), called the Ceremonious (Catalan: ''El Cerimoniós''; Aragonese: ''el Ceremonioso''), was from 1336 until his death the king of Aragon, king of Sardinia and Corsica, Sardinia-Corsica, and King of Valencia, Valencia, and count of Barcelona. In 1344, he deposed James III of Majorca and made himself King of Majorca. His reign was occupied with attempts to strengthen the crown against the Union of Aragon and other such devices of the nobility, with their near constant revolts, and with foreign wars, in Sardinia, Sicily, the Mezzogiorno, Latin Empire, Greece, and the Balearics. His wars in Greece made him Duke of Athens and Duchy of Neopatria, Neopatria in 1381. Succession conflicts Peter was born at Balaguer, the eldest son and heir of Alfonso IV of Aragon, Alfons IV, then Count of Urgell, and his first wife, Teresa d'Entença. Peter was designated to inherit all of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habsburgs
The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe during the Middle Ages and early modern period, including the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. The house takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland by Radbot of Klettgau, who named his fortress Habsburg. His grandson Otto II was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. In 1273, Count Radbot's seventh-generation descendant, Rudolph, was elected King of the Romans. Taking advantage of the extinction of the Babenbergs and of his victory over Ottokar II of Bohemia at the Battle on the Marchfeld in 1278, he appointed his sons as Dukes of Austria and moved the family's power base to Vienna, where the Habsburg dynasty gained the name of "House of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carniola
Carniola ( ; ; ; ) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region still tend to identify with its traditional parts Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola (with the sub-part of White Carniola), and to a lesser degree with Inner Carniola. In 1991, 47% of the population of Slovenia lived within the borders of the former Duchy of Carniola. Overview The March of Carniola was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, established as an immediate territory in the 11th century. From the second half of the 13th century it was ruled by the Habsburgs and its capital was Ljubljana (Laibach); previous overlords had their seats in Kranj (Krainburg) and Kamnik (Stein), which are therefore sometimes referred to as its earlier capitals. In the 14th century the Duchy of Carniola was declared, a status which was formally recognised in the 16th century. As a hereditary possession of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carinthia
Carinthia ( ; ; ) is the southernmost and least densely populated States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass.The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian dialect group, Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic languages, Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by Carinthian Slovenes, a small minority in the area. Carinthia's main Industry (economics), industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture. Name The etymology of the name "Carinthia", similar to Carnia or Carniola, has not been conclusively established. The ''Ravenna Cosmography'' (about AD 700) referred to a Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrol
Tyrol ( ; historically the Tyrole; ; ) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from its formation in the 12th century until 1919. In 1919, following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, it was divided into two modern administrative parts through the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye: * State of Tyrol (state), Tyrol: Formed through the merger of North Tyrol, North and East Tyrol, as part of Austria. * Region of Trentino-Alto Adige: At that time still with Souramont (Cortina d'Ampezzo, Livinallongo del Col di Lana and Colle Santa Lucia) and the municipalities Valvestino, Magasa, Lombardy, Magasa, and Pedemonte. This was seized in 1918 by the Kingdom of Italy, and since 1946 has been part of the Italy, Italian Republic. With the founding of the European region Tyrol- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Alps
The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Main chain of the Alps, Alpine divide, and down the Liro (Como), Liro River to Lake Como in the south. The peaks and mountain passes are lower than the Western Alps, while the range itself is broader and less arched. Geography Overview The Eastern Alps include the eastern parts of Switzerland (mainly Graubünden), all of Liechtenstein, and most of Austria from Vorarlberg to the east, as well as parts of extreme Southern Germany (Upper Bavaria), northwestern Italy (Lombardy), northeastern Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and a good portion of northern Slovenia (Upper Carniola and Lower Styria). In the south the range is bound by the Italian Po Valley, Padan Plain; in the north the valley of the Danube River separates it from the Bohemian Massif. The easternmost spur is formed by the Vienna Woods range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Maultasch
Margaret, nicknamed Maultasch (1318 – 3 October 1369), was the last Countess of Tyrol from the House of Gorizia (''Meinhardiner''), and an unsuccessful claimant to the Duchy of Carinthia. Upon her death, Tyrol became united with the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburg dynasty. Biography Descent Margaret was the only surviving daughter of Duke Henry of Carinthia, also landgrave of Carniola, Count of Tyrol and former King of Bohemia, with his second wife, Adelaide of Brunswick, a daughter of the Welf duke Henry I of Brunswick. As her father's three marriages had produced no male heirs, he reached an agreement with the Wittelsbach emperor Louis IV in 1330 that enabled Margaret to succeed him in his Carinthian and Tyrolean estates, while Carniola would be handed over to the Habsburgs. In the ongoing struggle between the rivalling Habsburg, Wittelsbach and Luxembourg dynasties, Emperor Louis had assured his position by defeating his Habsburg rival Frederick the Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
