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Francoist Influence In Chile
Spanish Francoism had an influence abroad in Chile, where it found clear expressions in the military dictatorship era (1973–1990), in particular in the period prior to 1980. Traditionalist historian Jaime Eyzaguirre was an admirer of Francoist Spain. Eyzaguirre did not promote Francoism in Chile but wrote a historiography that exalted the Spanish heritage in Chile to the point of being considered by some an exponent of the white legend. He received various awards from Francoist Spain. The lawyer Jaime Guzmán, once a student of Eyzaguirre, helped establishing the Francoist-influenced (rejected Francoist economic views) Guildist Movement at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in the 1960s.Rojas Sánchez, GonzaloGazmuri y Su "Gremialismo" This has been interpreted as a reaction inspired in Francoist corporatism against elements of the Chilean university reform, besides that gremialismo rejectes corporatism and other left economic policies. The movement rapidly gained a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francoism
Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During Franco's rule, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The informal term "Fascist Spain" is also used, especially before and during World War II. During its existence, the nature of the regime evolved and changed. Months after the start of the Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and he was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory which was controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all of the parties which supported the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the Civil War in 1939 brou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fundamental Laws Of The Realm
The Fundamental Laws of the Realm () were a set of constitutional laws organizing the powers of the Francoist regime in Spain, the dictatorship of Generalissimo Francisco Franco. In 1977, during the transition to democracy, an eighth law with the same status as the others was brought into effect, altering the legislative framework in order to bring to a head the process of political reform. Rather than a typical constitution, the laws were ', a distinctly Spanish legal concept dating to medieval times with a wide range of meanings, as they had not been developed or approved by elected representatives. The Fundamental Laws were ultimately revoked by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The dismissal of the Fundamental Laws had an impact abroad in Chile where Augusto Pinochet's advisor Jaime Guzmán studied them while drafting the Constitution of Chile of 1980 in order to armour the new constitution against reform. The eight laws were: :1. The of 1938: Influenced by the Italia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valley Of The Fallen
The Valley of Cuelgamuros (Spanish: ''Valle de Cuelgamuros''), until 2022 Valley of the Fallen (Spanish: ''Valle de los Caídos''), is a monument in the Sierra de Guadarrama, near Madrid. The valley contains a Catholic basilica and a monumental memorial in the municipality of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Dictator Francisco Franco ordered the construction of the monumental site in 1940; it was built from 1940 to 1958, and opened in 1959. Franco said that the monument was intended as a "national act of atonement" and reconciliation. The site served as Franco's burial place from his death in November 1975—although it was not originally intended that he be buried there—until his exhumation on 24 October 2019 following a long and controversial legal process due to moves to remove all public glorification of his dictatorship. The monument, considered a landmark of 20th-century Spanish architecture, was designed by Pedro Muguruza and Diego Méndez on a scale to equal, according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucía Hiriart
María Lucía Hiriart Rodríguez (10 December 1923 – 16 December 2021), also known as Lucía Hiriart de Pinochet, was the wife of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. Early life and education Hiriart was born into a wealthy family in Antofagasta, on 10 December 1923 to Osvaldo Hiriart Corvalán, a lawyer, former Radical Party senator, and former Interior Minister of president Juan Antonio Ríos; and Lucía Rodríguez Auda de Hiriart, of Basque French descent. Legal accusations In 2005, Hiriart was sued by Chile's Internal Tax Service (''Servicio de Impuestos Internos'') over tax evasion totaling US$2.35 million and was arrested with her son Marco Antonio a few months later. In October 2007, she was arrested again in the frame of the Riggs Bank case, along with Pinochet's five children and 17 other people (including two generals, one of his former lawyers and his former secretary) on charges of embezzlement and use of false passports. They were accused of having il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Cross Of Military Merit
The Cross of Military Merit () is Spain's military awards for gallantry or merit in war or peace and is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians. History and attribution Established on 3 August 1864 by Queen Isabella II as the Order of Military Merit (), it has been amended many times (in 1918, 1926, 1931, 1938, 1942, 1976, 1995, 2003 and 2007). During the Spanish Civil War it was recognized by both sides of the conflict. Awarded originally in four classes, in 1995 it lost the rank of an order of merit, and the classes were reduced to two and the number of categories extended to four. According to the current regulations the decoration is conferred in the following classes: * Grand Cross – to generals, admirals or civilian personnel of equivalent rank; * Cross – to other officers, warrant officers, enlisted ranks or equivalent civilian personnel. The categories are as follows: * with Red Decoration (''con distintivo rojo'') – for cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Spirit Of Democratic Capitalism
''The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism'' is a 1982 book by philosopher Michael Novak, in which Novak aims to understand and analyze the theological assumptions of democratic capitalism, its spirit, its values, and its intentions. Novak defines democratic capitalism as a pluralistic social system that contrasts with the unitary state of the traditional society and the modern socialist state. He analyzes it as a differentiation of society into three distinct yet interdependent power centers: a political sector, an economic sector, and a moral-cultural sector. Democracy needs the market economy and both need a pluralistic liberal culture. Against the continuing growth of democratic capitalism, modern socialism has contracted from a robust utopian program into vague "idealism about equality" and overwrought criticism of capitalism, most notably in the "liberation theology" of Latin America. Novak ends with the "beginnings of a theological perspective on democratic capitalism" illum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicago Boys
The Chicago Boys were a group of Chilean economists prominent around the 1970s and 1980s, the majority of whom were educated at the Department of Economics of the University of Chicago under Larry Sjaastad, Milton Friedman, and Arnold Harberger, or at its affiliate in the economics department at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. After they finished their studies and returned to Latin America, they adopted positions in numerous South American governments including the military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990), as economic advisors. Many of them reached the highest positions within those governments. Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher were influenced by Chile's policies and economic reforms. History The term "Chicago Boys" has been used at least as early as the 1980s to describe Latin American economists who studied or identified with the liberal economic theories then taught at the University of Chicago, popularly known as the Chicago school of economics, even thou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Liberalism
Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production. Adam Smith is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism, and his writing is generally regarded as representing the economic expression of 19th-century liberalism up until the Great Depression and rise of Keynesianism in the 20th century. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to feudalism and mercantilism. Economic liberalism is associated with markets and private ownership of capital assets. Economic liberals tend to oppose government intervention and protectionism in the market economy when it inhibits free trade and competition, but tend to support government intervention where it protects property rights, opens new markets or funds market growth, and resolves market failures. An economy that is managed according to these precepts may be described as a liberal economy or o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atenea
''Atenea'' is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal containing research and critical reflections on Chilean and Latin American culture including arts, literature, history, sociology, and other sciences. It is published by the University of Concepción. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Arts and Humanities Citation Index The Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI), also known as Arts and Humanities Search, is a citation index, with abstracting and indexing for more than 1,700 arts and humanities academic journals, and coverage of disciplines that includes s ..., Hispanic American Periodicals Index, SciELO, and Redalyc. Further reading * * External links * University of Concepción academic journals Latin American studies journals Academic journals established in 1924 Spanish-language journals 1924 establishments in Chile Biannual journals {{Area-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acto De Chacarillas
The Acto de Chacarillas was a ceremony performed on the summit of Cerro Chacarillas in Santiago, Chile on 9 July 1977 organized by the Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990), military dictatorship of Chile. It was organized by the Frente Juvenil de Unidad Nacional to commemorate its second anniversary and a new anniversary of the Battle of La Concepción. The event was prepared by Álvaro Puga, who was director of Public Affairs of the General Secretariat of the Government, and by Jaime Guzmán. Guzmán was in charge of writing the speech made by president and dictator Augusto Pinochet. The design and scene of the event was made by Enrique Campos Menéndez (national director of Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos) and Germán Becker Ureta, an advertiser with experience in organising massive shows. Seventy seven young men and women were invited to the act, the number being chosen to represent the 77 Chilean soldiers that died in the Battle of La Concepción in 1882. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Democratic Union
The Independent Democratic Union (''Unión Demócrata Independiente'', UDI) is a conservative and right-wing political party in Chile, founded in 1983. Its founder was the lawyer, politician, law professor and senator Jaime Guzmán, a civilian allied with Augusto Pinochet. Its ideological origins date back to Guzmán's Guildist Movement, born out of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in 1966, espousing the independence and depoliticization of intermediate bodies of civil society. The UDI is today a conservative political party with strong links to the Opus Dei, that opposes abortion in nearly all or all cases. UDI has for most of its history formed coalitions with National Renewal (RN) and other minor movements under different names such as; Participación y Progreso (1992), Unión por el Progreso de Chile (1993), Alliance for Chile (1999–2009, 2013), Coalition for Change (2009–2012) and Chile Vamos (2015–present). UDI was the largest political party in Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of The Andes, Chile
Universidad de los Andes () (UANDES) is a private catholic-inspired higher learning institution that carries out non-profit education, research, and assistance activities, and was founded in 1989 in Santiago de Chile by a group of academics and professionals. UANDES is currently accredited by the National Accreditation Commission for a period of 5 years out of a maximum of 7 in five areas: pre- and postgraduate teaching, research, community engagement, and institutional management. Since 2019 it is a member of the Council of Chancellors. History The university was founded on September 8, 1989, by Eduardo Fernández León, Matías Izquierdo Menéndez, and Eduardo Gulisasti Gana, and others. The faculty of law was the first to begin, in 1990, followed by the medical faculty and the institute of philosophy. Over the years, new majors were added on today reaching a total of 22 undergraduate majors, 10 associate degree programs, 1,700 academics, 4 doctorates, 8 postgraduate pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
