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Fourth Philippine Republic
The Fourth Philippine Republic, also known as the Fourth Republic of the Philippines (; ), was established after Ferdinand Marcos won the 1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum. Marcos announced the beginning of the Fourth Republic on June 30, during his inauguration speech. He was also the first and only president of the Fourth Philippine Republic. On February 25, 1986, due to the People Power Revolution, Marcos went into exile in Hawaii, and Corazon Aquino became the 11th president of the Philippines. The Fourth Republic would come to an end under Aquino's leadership, and the Fifth Republic would commence with the adoption of a new constitution. Background Marcos officially lifted martial law on January 17, 1981. However, he retained much of the government's power for arrest and detention. At the time, corruption, nepotism, as well as civil unrest contributed to a serious decline in economic growth and development under Marcos, whose own health faced obstacl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Philippines
The coat of arms of the Philippines (; ) features the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines with each ray representing the eight provinces (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna (province), Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Tarlac) which were placed under martial law by Governor-General of the Philippines, Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas, Ramón Blanco Sr. during the Philippine Revolution, and the three five-pointed stars representing the Island groups of the Philippines, three major island groups of Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. On the blue field on the Dexter and sinister, dexter side is the Bald eagle, North American bald eagle of the Coat of arms of the United States, United States, and on the red field on the dexter and sinister, sinister side is the ''lion rampant'' of the coat of arms of the Kingdom of León of Spain, both representing the country's colonial past. The current arms, which shares many features of the Flag of the Philippines, national flag, wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; ), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an UTC offset, offset of UTC+08:00, but has used daylight saving time for brief periods in the 20th century until July 28, 1990. Geographic details Geographically, the Philippines lies and 126°34′ east of the Prime Meridian, and is physically located within the UTC+08:00 time zone. Philippine Standard Time is maintained by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). The Philippines shares the same time zone with China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, Western Australia, Brunei, Irkutsk Oblast, Irkutsk (Russia), Time in Indonesia, Central Indonesia, and time in Mongolia, most of Mongolia. History For 323 years, 9 months, and 4 days, which lasted from Saturday, March 16, 1521 (Julian Calendar), until Monday, December 30, 1844 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Philippine Republic
Fifth is the ordinal form of the number five. Fifth or The Fifth may refer to: * Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as in the expression "pleading the Fifth" * Fifth Avenue * Fifth column, a political term * Fifth disease, a contagious rash that spreads in school-aged children * Fifth force, a proposed force of nature in addition to the four known fundamental forces * Fifth of July (New York), historic celebration of an Emancipation Day in New York * Fifth (''Stargate''), a robotic character in the television series ''Stargate SG-1'' * Fifth (unit), a unit of volume formerly used for distilled beverages in the U.S. * 1st Battalion, 5th Marines * The fraction 1/5 * The royal fifth (Spanish and Portuguese), an old royal tax of 20% Music * A musical interval (music); specifically, a ** perfect fifth ** diminished fifth ** augmented fifth * Quintal harmony, in which chords concatenate fifth intervals (rather than the third intervals of tertian harmony) * Fifth (ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Inauguration Of Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator, and Kleptocracy, kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled the country under Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, martial law from 1972 to 1981, granting himself expanded powers under the Constitution of the Philippines#The 1973 Constitution, 1973 Constitution. Marcos described his philosophy as "constitutional authoritarianism". He was deposed in 1986 by the People Power Revolution and was succeeded as president by Corazon Aquino. Marcos gained political success by exaggerating his actions in World War II, claiming to have been the "most decorated war hero in the Philippines". — United States Army documents described his claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd". After the war, he became a lawyer. He served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the Philippine Senate from 1959 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Philippine Presidential Election And Referendum
The 1981 Philippine presidential election and national referendum was held on June 16, 1981. It was the first time an election was held in the Philippines, 12 years after the 1969 Philippine presidential election, the declaration of martial law on September 21, 1972 and under the 1973 constitution. President Ferdinand E. Marcos of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) defeated retired general and World War II veteran Alejo Santos of the Nacionalista Party in a landslide victory. Most opposition parties boycotted the election as a sign of protest over the 1978 election for the Interim Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), which they condemned as fraudulent. At the same time, a national referendum was held on the question in holding elections for barangay elections in 1982. Marcos' 80% margin of victory is the most lopsided Philippine presidential election ever, beating out Manuel L. Quezon's landslide victory of 64% in 1941. Marcos getting 88% of the vote is also the largest i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Power Revolution
The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, were a series of popular Demonstration (people), demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of Ferdinand Marcos, the end of his 20-year dictatorship and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines. It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during demonstrations (in reference to the Tony Orlando and Dawn song "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree") as a symbol of protest following the Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr., assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. in August 1983 upon his return to the Philippines from exile. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of presidential rule by President Marcos, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 Philippine Presidential Election
The 1986 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on February 7, 1986. Popularly known as the 1986 snap election, it is among the landmark events that led up to the People Power Revolution, the downfall of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, and the accession of Corazon C. Aquino as president. The authoritarian Marcos regime called for snap elections in an attempt to re-assert legitimacy to the embattled regime. The election was marred by substantial irregularities, repression of the opposition and manipulation of votes. The main opposition candidate, Corazon C. Aquino, refused to accept the initial results announced by the regime, citing large-scale fraud. Background Influence of the American media After being dared by an American journalist, President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared a snap election during an interview on the ABC political affairs program, '' This Week with David Brinkley'' in November 1985. On December 3, the Batasang Pambansa (N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Ninoy Aquino
Ninoy Aquino, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., a former Senate of the Philippines, Philippine senator, was assassinated on Sunday, August 21, 1983, on the airport apron, apron of Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila International Airport (now named Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor). A longtime political opponent of President of the Philippines, President Ferdinand Marcos, Aquino had just landed in his home country after three years of self-imposed exile in the United States when he was shot in the head while being escorted from an aircraft to a vehicle that was waiting to transport him to prison. Also killed was Rolando Galman, who was accused of murdering him. Aquino was elected to the Philippine Senate in 1967 and was critical of Marcos. He was imprisoned on frameup, trumped up charges shortly after Marcos's 1972 declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines, martial law. In 1980, he had a heart attack in prison and was allowed to leave the country two months ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cesar Virata
Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata (born December 12, 1930) is a Filipino former statesman and businessman who was the fourth Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. He is currently serving as the corporate vice chairman of the Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation. He is the eponym of the Cesar Virata School of Business, the business school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Education While he was studying at Wharton School, Virata studied about American labor, steel industry, automotive industry, and many others which was not discussed when he was a student of the University of the Philippines. He also took money and banking as well as cost accounting and advanced money and banking courses, while doing so. In line with that, he realized that around a third of the things he was learning at Wharton were in reality, not applicable to the Philippine setting, specifically the automotive industry. Government service Finance minister He served as Finan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of The Philippines
The prime minister of the Philippines was the official designation of the head of the government (whereas the president of the Philippines was the head of state) of the Philippines from 1978 until the People Power Revolution in 1986. During martial law and the fourth republic, the prime minister served as the head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.Article IX, Section 12. ''1973 Constitution of the Philippines'' A limited version of this office, officially known as the President of the Council of Government, existed temporarily in 1899 during the First Philippine Republic. Salvador Laurel served as the last prime minister of the Philippines and later served as the vice president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. History First creation (1899) The 1899 Constitution of the Philippines created the office of the Council of Government () which was composed of the President of the Council () and seven secretaries.Title IX, Article 73. ''1899 Constitution of the Philipp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvador Laurel
Salvador Roman Hidalgo Laurel (, November 18, 1928 – January 27, 2004), also known as Doy Laurel, was a Filipino people, Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the Vice President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992 under President Corazon Aquino and briefly served as the last Prime Minister of the Philippines, Prime Minister from February 25 to March 25, 1986, when the position was abolished. He was a major leader of the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), the political party that helped topple the History of the Philippines (1965–1986), regime of President Ferdinand Marcos with the 1986 People Power Revolution. Early life Salvador Laurel was the fifth son and eighth child of José P. Laurel, who served as president during the Second Philippine Republic. Salvador was born into a family with a long lineage of public servants spanning several generations. His grandfather, Sotero Remoquillo Laurel, was a delegate to the Malolos Congress in 1899 and int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of The Philippines
The vice president of the Philippines (, also referred to as ) is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the president. The current office of the vice president was re-established under the 1987 Constitution, bearing similarities with the office as created in the 1935 Constitution that was abolished by the Marcos regime. The vice president may be elected to two consecutive six-year terms. The 15th and incumbent vice president Sara Duterte was inaugurated on June 19, 2022, but her term officially began 11 days later on June 30, as per the constitution. Title The official title of the office in Filipino is ''Pangalawang Pangulo,'' although ''Bise Presidente,'' derived from Spanish, is the usual title used in some of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
