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Foucauldian Discourse Analysis
Foucauldian discourse analysis is a form of discourse analysis, focusing on power relationships in society as expressed through language and practices, and based on the theories of Michel Foucault. Overview Subject of analysis Besides focusing on the meaning of a given discourse, the distinguishing characteristic of this approach is its stress on power relationships. These are expressed through language and behaviour, and the relationship between language and power. This form of analysis developed out of Foucault's genealogical work, where power was linked to the formation of discourse within specific historical periods. Some versions of this method stress the genealogical application of discourse analysis to illustrate how discourse is produced to govern social groups. The method analyses how the social world, expressed through language, is affected by various sources of power. As such, this approach is close to social constructivism, as the researcher tries to understand how ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis (discourse, writing, conversation, communicative symbolic interactionism, event) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentence (linguistics), sentences, propositions, speech acts, speech, or Conversation Analysis#Turn-taking organization, turns-at-talk. Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only study language use 'beyond the sentence boundary' but also prefer to analyze 'naturally occurring' language use, not invented examples. Text linguistics is a closely related field. The essential difference between discourse analysis and text linguistics is that discourse analysis aims at revealing social psychology (sociology), socio-psychological characteristics of a person/persons rather than text structure. Discourse analysis has been taken up in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Biopower
Biopower (or ''biopouvoir'' in French), coined by French social theorist Michel Foucault, refers to various means by which modern nation states control of populations, control their populations. In Foucault's work, it has been used to refer to practices of public health, regulation of heredity, and risk regulation, among many other regulatory mechanisms often linked less directly with literal physical health. Foucault first used the term in his lecture courses at the Collège de France, and the term first appeared in print in ''The Will to Knowledge'', Foucault's first volume of ''The History of Sexuality''. It is closely related to a term he uses much less frequently, but which subsequent thinkers have taken up independently, biopolitics, which aligns more closely with the examination of the strategies and mechanisms through which human life processes are managed under regimes of authority over knowledge, power, and the processes of Subject and object (philosophy), subjectiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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The History Of Sexuality
''The History of Sexuality'' () is a four-volume study of sexuality in the Western world by the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault, in which the author examines the emergence of "sexuality" as a discursive object and separate sphere of life and argues that the notion that every individual has a sexuality is a relatively recent development in Western societies. The first volume, ''The Will to Knowledge'' (''La volonté de savoir''), was first published in 1976; an English translation appeared in 1978. ''The Use of Pleasure'' (''L'usage des plaisirs'') and ''The Care of the Self'' (''Le souci de soi'') were published in 1984. The fourth volume, ''Confessions of the Flesh'' (''Les aveux de la chair''), was published posthumously in 2018. In Volume 1, Foucault criticizes the " repressive hypothesis": the idea that western society suppressed sexuality from the 17th to the mid-20th century due to the rise of capitalism and bourgeois society. Foucault argues that discours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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The Archaeology Of Knowledge
''The Archaeology of Knowledge'' (''L’archéologie du savoir,'' 1969) by Michel Foucault is a treatise about the methodology and historiography of the systems of thought (''epistemes'') and of knowledge (''discursive formations'') which follow rules that operate beneath the consciousness of the subject individuals, and which define a conceptual system of possibility that determines the boundaries of language and thought used in a given time and domain. The archaeology of knowledge is the analytical method that Foucault used in '' Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason'' (1961), '' The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception'' (1963), and '' The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences'' (1966). Summary The contemporary study of the History of Ideas concerns the transitions between historical world-views, but ultimately depends upon narrative continuities that break down under close inspection. The history of ideas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Postmodernism
Postmodernism encompasses a variety of artistic, Culture, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from modernism. They have in common the conviction that it is no longer possible to rely upon previous ways of depicting the world. Still, there is disagreement among experts about its more precise meaning even within narrow contexts. The term began to acquire its current range of meanings in literary criticism and architectural theory during the 1950s–1960s. In opposition to modernism's alleged self-seriousness, postmodernism is characterized by its playful use of Eclecticism, eclectic styles and performative irony, among other features. Critics claim it supplants Morality, moral, Politics, political, and Aesthetics, aesthetic ideals with mere style and spectacle. In the 1990s, "postmodernism" came to denote a general – and, in general, celebratory – response to cultural pluralism. Proponents align themselves with feminism, multiculturalism, and pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Post-structuralism
Post-structuralism is a philosophical movement that questions the objectivity or stability of the various interpretive structures that are posited by structuralism and considers them to be constituted by broader systems of Power (social and political), power. Although different post-structuralists present different critiques of structuralism, common themes include the rejection of the self-sufficiency of structuralism, as well as an interrogation of the binary oppositions that constitute its structures. Accordingly, post-structuralism discards the idea of interpreting media (or the world) within pre-established, socially constructed structures.José Guilherme Merquior, Merquior, José G. 1987. ''Foucault'', (Fontana Modern Masters series). University of California Press. . ''Structuralism'' proposes that human culture can be understood by means of a Structural linguistics, structure that is modeled on language. As a result, there is concrete reality on the one hand, abstract idea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Michel Foucault Bibliography
Michel Foucault (1926–1984) was a prominent Twentieth-century French philosophy, twentieth-century French philosopher, who wrote prolifically. Many of his works were translated into English. Works from his later years remain unpublished. Monographs Collège de France Course Lectures Other Lectures In a 1967 lecture, titled in English as either "Different Spaces" or "Of Other Spaces" (reprinted in ''Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology'', and in ''The Visual Culture Reader'', ed. Nicholas Mirzoeff), Foucault coined a novel concept of the Heterotopia (space), heterotopia. Collaborative works Other books Anthologies In French, almost all of Foucault's shorter writings, published interviews and miscellany have been published in a collection called ''Dits et écrits'', originally published in four volumes in 1994, latterly in only two volumes. In English, there are a number of overlapping anthologies, which often use different translations of the overlapping pieces, freque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Foucault's Lectures At The Collège De France
On the proposal of Jules Vuillemin, a chair in the department of Philosophy and History was created at the to replace the late Jean Hyppolite. The title of the new chair was ''The history of systems of thought'' and it was created on November 30, 1969. Vuillemin put forward Michel Foucault to the general assembly of professors and Foucault was duly elected on 12 April 1970. He was 44 years old, and at the time was relatively unknown beyond the borders of his native France. As required by this appointment, he held a series of public lectures from 1970 until his death in 1984 (excepting a sabbatical year in 1976–1977). These lectures, in which he further advanced his work, were summarised from audio recordings and edited by Michel Senellart. They were subsequently translated into English and further edited by Graham Burchell and published posthumously by St Martin's Press. ''Lectures on the Will to Know'' (1970–1971) This was an important time for Foucault and marks an imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis (discourse, writing, conversation, communicative symbolic interactionism, event) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentence (linguistics), sentences, propositions, speech acts, speech, or Conversation Analysis#Turn-taking organization, turns-at-talk. Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only study language use 'beyond the sentence boundary' but also prefer to analyze 'naturally occurring' language use, not invented examples. Text linguistics is a closely related field. The essential difference between discourse analysis and text linguistics is that discourse analysis aims at revealing social psychology (sociology), socio-psychological characteristics of a person/persons rather than text structure. Discourse analysis has been taken up in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Discourse
Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication. Discourse is a major topic in social theory, with work spanning fields such as sociology, anthropology, continental philosophy, and discourse analysis. Following work by Michel Foucault, these fields view discourse as a system of thought, knowledge, or communication that constructs our world experience. Since control of discourse amounts to control of how the world is perceived, social theory often studies discourse as a window into Power (social and political), power. Within theoretical linguistics, discourse is understood more narrowly as linguistic information exchange and was one of the major motivations for the framework of dynamic semantics. In these expressions, denotations are equated with their ability to update a discourse context. Social theory In the humanities and social sciences, discourse describes a formal way of thinking that can be expressed through language. Discourse i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Discipline And Punish
''Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison'' () is a 1975 book by French philosopher Michel Foucault. It is an analysis of the social and theoretical mechanisms behind the changes that occurred in Western penal systems during the modern age based on historical documents from France. Foucault argues that prison did not become the principal form of punishment just because of the humanitarian concerns of reformists. He traces the cultural shifts that led to the predominance of prison via the body and power. Prison is used by the "disciplines" – new technological powers that can also be found, according to Foucault, in places such as schools, hospitals, and military barracks. Summary The main ideas of ''Discipline and Punish'' can be grouped according to its four parts: torture, punishment, discipline, and prison. Torture Foucault begins by contrasting two forms of penalty: the violent and chaotic public torture of Robert-François Damiens, who was convicted of attempted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Difference (philosophy)
Difference is a key concept of philosophy, denoting the process or set of Property (philosophy), properties by which one wikt:entity, entity is distinguished from another within a Relational theory, relational field or a given conceptual system. In the Western philosophy, Western philosophical system, difference is traditionally viewed as being opposed to Identity (philosophy), identity, following the Gottfried Leibniz#Principles, Principles of Leibniz, and in particular, his Law of the identity of indiscernibles. In structuralism, structuralist and poststructuralism, poststructuralist accounts, however, difference is understood to be ''constitutive'' of both meaning and identity. In other words, because identity (particularly, personal identity) is viewed in non-essentialism, non-essentialist terms as a construct, and because constructs only produce meaning through the interplay of differences (see below), it is the case that for both structuralism and poststructuralism, identity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |