|
Folding Endurance
In paper testing, folding endurance is defined as the logarithm (to the base of ten) of the number of double folds that are required to make a test piece break under standardized conditions:ISO 5626:1993 Paper – Determination of folding endurance, 3.2. :''F'' = log10 ''d'', where ''F'' is the folding endurance and ''d'' the number of double folds. Folding endurance is especially applicable for papers used for maps, bank notes, archival documents, etc. The direction of the grain in relation to the folding line, the type of fibres used, the fibre contents, the calliper of the test piece, etc., as well as which type of folding tester that is used affect how many double folds a test piece can take. Folding endurance must not be confused with the related term fold number. Standards on folding endurance *ISO 5626: Paper – Determination of folding endurance. *TAPPI Test Method T 511: Folding endurance of paper (MIT tester). *TAPPI Test Method T 423: Folding endurance of pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Fold
''Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper'' is a non-fiction book by Nicholson Baker that was published in April 2001. An excerpt appeared in the July 24, 2000 issue of ''The New Yorker'', under the title "Deadline: The Author's Desperate Bid to Save America's Past." This exhaustively researched work (there are 63 pages of endnotes and 18 pages of references in the paperback edition) details Baker's quest to uncover the fate of thousands of books and newspapers that were replaced and often destroyed during the microfilming boom of the 1980s and 1990s. ''Double Fold'' is a controversial work and is not meant to be objective. In the preface, Baker says, "This isn't an impartial piece of reporting", (preface p. x) and ''The New York Times'' characterized the book as a "blistering and thoroughly idiosyncratic attack". Overview The term " double fold" refers to the test used by many librarians and preservation administrators to determine the brittleness and "usability" of pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fold Number
Fold number refers to how many double folds that are required to cause rupture of a paper test piece under standardized conditions. Fold number is defined in ISO 5626:1993 as the antilogarithm of the mean folding endurance: f=\text_ \frac=10^ where ''f'' is the fold number, ''Fi'' is the folding endurance for each test piece and ''n'' is total number of test pieces used. In the introduction of ISO 5626:1993 it is emphasized that fold number, as defined in that very International Standard, does not equal the mean number of double folds observed. The latter is however still the definition used in some countries.ISO 5626:1993 Paper – Determination of folding endurance, Introduction. If the numerical value of the folding endurance is not rounded off, these will however be equal. In the former Swedish standard SS 152005 ("Pappersordlista") from 1992, with paper related terms defined in Swedish and English, fold number is explained as "the number of double folds which a test str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TAPPI
TAPPI is a registered not-for-profit, international Non-Governmental Organization of about 14,000 member engineers, scientists, managers, academics and others involved in the areas of pulp, and paper. In addition to pulp and paper, the TAPPI membership includes some allied areas of packaging (such as corrugated fiberboard, flexible packaging, lamination, adhesives, coatings and extrusion). It was founded in 1915 as the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. TAPPI provides a forum for the professionals involved in the industry. It publishes articles, standards, and books, conducts events for peer-reviewed information relevant to the industry and offers scholarships. Peer-reviewed journals published by TAPPI include: * Journal of Pulp and Paper Science * TAPPI Journal * The Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics The TAPPI website serves as a focal point for the members' access to knowledge and networks. TAPPI also serves as a major contributor to world standa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fold Number
Fold number refers to how many double folds that are required to cause rupture of a paper test piece under standardized conditions. Fold number is defined in ISO 5626:1993 as the antilogarithm of the mean folding endurance: f=\text_ \frac=10^ where ''f'' is the fold number, ''Fi'' is the folding endurance for each test piece and ''n'' is total number of test pieces used. In the introduction of ISO 5626:1993 it is emphasized that fold number, as defined in that very International Standard, does not equal the mean number of double folds observed. The latter is however still the definition used in some countries.ISO 5626:1993 Paper – Determination of folding endurance, Introduction. If the numerical value of the folding endurance is not rounded off, these will however be equal. In the former Swedish standard SS 152005 ("Pappersordlista") from 1992, with paper related terms defined in Swedish and English, fold number is explained as "the number of double folds which a test str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Fold
''Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper'' is a non-fiction book by Nicholson Baker that was published in April 2001. An excerpt appeared in the July 24, 2000 issue of ''The New Yorker'', under the title "Deadline: The Author's Desperate Bid to Save America's Past." This exhaustively researched work (there are 63 pages of endnotes and 18 pages of references in the paperback edition) details Baker's quest to uncover the fate of thousands of books and newspapers that were replaced and often destroyed during the microfilming boom of the 1980s and 1990s. ''Double Fold'' is a controversial work and is not meant to be objective. In the preface, Baker says, "This isn't an impartial piece of reporting", (preface p. x) and ''The New York Times'' characterized the book as a "blistering and thoroughly idiosyncratic attack". Overview The term " double fold" refers to the test used by many librarians and preservation administrators to determine the brittleness and "usability" of pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paper
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, Textile, rags, poaceae, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage, design, packaging, decorating, writing, and Housekeeping, cleaning. It may also be used as filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, or currency and security paper, or in a number of industrial and construction processes. The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 Common Era, CE, by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
