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Florin Pavlovici
Florin Constantin Pavlovici (14 March 1936 - 13 December 2021) was a Romanian writer and memoirist. Biography Pavlovici was born in Concești, Botoșani County, to school teachers Hareta and Dionisie Pavlovici. He studied journalism at the University of Bucharest, in the Philosophy department, and graduated in 1958. Arrested on 2 February 1959 and accused of conspiracy against the communist social order, he was sentenced by the Bucharest Military Court to five years of incarceration. He initially served his sentence at Jilava and Gherla prisons, then at labor camps in the Great Brăila Island ( Salcia labor camp) and the Danube Delta (Periprava labor camp). He was released on 31 January 1964. Pavlovici is the author of two books: ''Basics of Torture'' (Romanian: ''Tortura, Pe Înțelesul Tuturor'', or literally: Torture, for Everyone's Understanding), which is a memoir of his time spent in detention, and ''Fear and Watch'' (Romanian: ''Frica și Pânda''), about the difficultie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Template:Infobox Writer/doc
Infobox writer may be used to summarize information about a person who is a writer/author (includes screenwriters). If the writer-specific fields here are not needed, consider using the more general ; other infoboxes there can be found in :People and person infobox templates. This template may also be used as a module (or sub-template) of ; see WikiProject Infoboxes/embed for guidance on such usage. Syntax The infobox may be added by pasting the template as shown below into an article. All fields are optional. Any unused parameter names can be left blank or omitted. Parameters Please remove any parameters from an article's infobox that are unlikely to be used. All parameters are optional. Unless otherwise specified, if a parameter has multiple values, they should be comma-separated using the template: : which produces: : , language= If any of the individual values contain commas already, add to use semi-colons as separators: : which produces: : , ps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securitate
The Securitate (, Romanian for ''security'') was the popular term for the Departamentul Securității Statului (Department of State Security), the secret police agency of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Previously, before the communist regime, Romanian secret police was called Siguranța Statului. It was founded on 30 August 1948, with help and direction from the Soviet MGB. Following the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1989, the new authorities assigned the various intelligence tasks of the DSS to new institutions. The Securitate was, in proportion to Romania's population, one of the largest secret police forces in the Eastern bloc. The first budget of the Securitate in 1948 stipulated a number of 4,641 positions, of which 3,549 were filled by February 1949: 64% were workers, 4% peasants, 28% clerks, 2% persons of unspecified origin, and 2% intellectuals. By 1951, the Securitate's staff had increased fivefold, while in January 1956, the Securitate had 25,468 employees. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Steinhardt
Nicolae Steinhardt (; born Nicu-Aurelian Steinhardt; July 29, 1912 – March 29, 1989) was a Romanian writer, Orthodox monk and lawyer. His main book, ''Jurnalul Fericirii'', is regarded as a major text of 20th century Romanian literature and a prime example of Eastern European anti-Communist literature. Biography Early life He was born in Pantelimon commune, near Bucharest, from a Jewish father and a Romanian mother. His father was an engineer, architect and decorated World War I participant (following the Battle of Mărăști). Due to his lineage from his father side, he was to be subject to anti-semitic discrimination during the fascist governments of World War II Romania. Between 1919 and 1929, he attended Spiru Haret primary school and college in Bucharest, where, despite his background, he was taught Religion by a Christian priest. His talent for writing was first noticed when he joined the '' Sburătorul'' literary circle. Early career and World War II In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Ioanid
Ion Ioanid (28 March 1926 – 12 October 2003) was a Romanian dissident and writer. Ioanid was a political prisoner of the communist-led regime after the Second World War and spent 12 years in prison and labour camps. He is best known for taking part at the 1953 Cavnic labor camp escape and for his book "Give us each day our daily prison" (''Închisoarea noastră cea de toate zilele''), a reference to the verse from the Christian Lord's Prayer. The book is a comprehensive recollection of his time spent in detention. He is considered a Romanian Solzhenitsyn, as his description of the communist detention regime in Romania is the most detailed one submitted by one of its victims. Biography Ioanid was born on 28 March 1926 at his father's estate in Ilovăț village, Mehedinți County. His godfather was Octavian Goga, a friend of his father, Tilică Ioanid. Tilică Ioanid was descended from an old and well-known Greek landlord family, a National Liberal Party member and a secreta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases, people may experience confusion. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. Other people may carry the bacterium without being affected, but they are still able to spread the disease. Typhoid fever is a type of enteric fever, along with paratyphoid fever. ''S. enterica'' Typhi is believed to infect and replicate only within humans. Typhoid is caused by the bacterium ''Salmonella enterica'' subsp. ''enterica'' serovar Typhi growing in the intestines, peyers patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letea Forest
Letea Forest is the oldest natural reservation in Romania. It was established in 1938, when the Romanian Council of Ministers passed Decision No. 645 declaring the forest a nature reserve. It is located between the Sulina and Chilia branches of Danube in the Danube Delta. It covers an area of approximately . This forest was the initial foundation of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, which has been declared a World Heritage Site. It was internationally recognized as a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1992.UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme - Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Retrieved on 2008-07-23. It has a subtropical aspect, due to the presence of the tropical creeper named '' |
Grindu, Tulcea
Grindu (formerly ''Pisica'') is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a .... It is composed of a single village, Grindu. References * Communes in Tulcea County Localities in Northern Dobruja {{Tulcea-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilia Branch
The Chilia branch (; ) is one of three main distributary channels of the river Danube that contributes to forming the Danube Delta. Lying at the northernmost area of the delta, the distributary creates a natural border between Romania and Ukraine (see Romania-Ukraine border) and is named after the two towns carrying the same name, located across from one another on both banks: Kiliya, on the northern, Ukrainian bank and Chilia Veche (Old Chilia) on the southern, Romanian bank. The other two main branches of the Danube are the Sulina branch and the Sfântu Gheorghe branch. The Chilia branch begins at the Ismail Islet where Danube splits on Chilia branch and Sulina branch and ends near the town of Vylkove where Chilia branch splits further into Ochakove distributary (eastward) and Old Istambul distributary (southward). Chilia branch is long. The flow at the entrance into the delta is of 6,350 m3/s; the Chilia branch carries between 58 and 60 percent of this flow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine before draining into the Black Sea. Its drainage basin extends into nine more countries. The largest cities on the river are Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade and Bratislava, all of which are the capitals of their respective countries; the Danube passes through four capital cities, more than any other river in the world. Five more capital cities lie in the Danube's basin: Bucharest, Sofia, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Sarajevo. The fourth-largest city in its basin is Munich, the capital of Bavaria, standing on the Isar River. The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through much of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Internal Affairs (Romania)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Romania ( ro, Ministerul Afacerilor Interne) is one of the eighteen ministries of the Government of Romania. From 23 August 1944 to 18 March 1975 the ministry held the title of ''Minister of Internal Affairs'', between 2004 and 2007, held the title of ''Minister of Administration and Interior'', and since April 2007, ''Minister of Interior and Administrative Reform''. In December 2008, the Boc government changed the name back to ''Ministry of Administration and Interior''. Until 2006, the ministry was housed near Lipscani in ''Palatul Vama Poştei'', built between 1914 and 1926 according to the architect Statie Ciortan's plans. In 2006 the ministry moved into the former building of the Senate on Revolution Square. Subordinated structures * Romanian Police * Romanian Inspectorate for Emergency Situations * Romanian Border Police * Romanian Gendarmerie * Romanian National Archives * General Directorate for Intelligence and Internal Securi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Communist Youth
, colorcode = red , logo = Symbol of Union of Communist Youth.svg , caption = Emblem , logo2 = , caption2 = , founded = 1922 , dissolved = 1989 , headquarters = Bucharest, Socialist Republic of Romania , ideology = , mother party = Romanian Communist Party , international = World Federation of Democratic Youth , national = Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy , membership = , newspaper = The Union of Communist Youth (Romanian: '; UTC) was the Romanian Communist Party's youth organisation. Like many Young Communist organisations, it was modelled after the Soviet Komsomol. It aimed to cultivate young cadres into the party, as well as to help create the "new man" envisioned by communist ideologues. History Founded in 1922, the UTC went underground along with the rest of the party when it was banned in 1924. A marginal group under strict control of the Comintern's Young Communist International, it began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Show Trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt or innocence of the defendant. The actual trial has as its only goal the presentation of both the accusation and the verdict to the public so they will serve as both an impressive example and a warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors. Show trials tend to be retributive rather than corrective and they are also conducted for propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected classes or characteristics, such trials are examples of political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928. China During the Land Reform Movement, between 1 and 2 million landlords were executed as counterrevolutionaries during the early years of Communist China. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, show trials were given to "rioters and counter-revolutionaries" involved in the protests and the subsequent military massacre. Chinese Nobel P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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