|
Flea Beetle
The flea beetle is any small, jumping beetle of the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) that is part of the tribe (biology), tribe Alticini, which is part of the subfamily Galerucinae. Historically the flea beetles were classified as their own subfamily. Traditionally, the Alticini were separated from other Galerucinae by the presence of jumping hind legs, characterised by enlarged arthropod leg, femora containing a spring structure allowing the flea beetles to jump. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that jumping hind legs evolved multiple times in the Galerucinae, rather than once, and that several genera should be transferred between Alticini and Galerucinae ''sensu stricto'' (or Galerucini in some classifications). Description and ecology The adults are very small to moderately sized Chrysomelidae (i.e. among beetles in general they are on the smallish side). They are similar to other leaf beetles, but characteristically have the hindleg femora greatly enlarged. These enla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altica Cirsicola
''Altica cirsicola'' is a species of flea beetle from the genus '' Altica'', which belongs to the family Chrysomelidae (commonly known as leaf beetles). ''A. cirsicola'' is found throughout East Asia. Adults feed exclusively on plants from the genus ''Cirsium''. This food resource provides the species with the opportunity to create holes in the leaves of the plant, which helps to provide the beetles with camouflage and protection from predators. Both male and female ''A. cirsicola'' make multiple matings throughout their lives. ''A. cirsicola'' males have been discovered to exhibit mate choice, using cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) as one of several signals to help them identify potential mates. ''A. cirsicola'' have the ability to jump extensive distances, which provides them with a method of escaping predators. The jumping mechanism of ''A. cirsicola'' and other flea beetles has been described to be extremely efficient, and several studies have been conducted to analyze this jump ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllotreta Vittula
''Phyllotreta'' is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are at least 300 described species worldwide. Agricultural pests Many species have been recorded as pests of millets and sorghum ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the Poaceae, grass genus ''Sorghum (genus), Sorghum'' cultivated for its grain. The grain i ... See also * List of ''Phyllotreta'' species References * Riley, Edward G., Shawn M. Clark, and Terry N. Seeno (2003). "Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae)". ''Coleopterists Society Special Publication no. 1'', 290. Further reading * Arnett, R. H. Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley and J. H. Frank. (eds.). (21 June 2002). ''American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea''. CRC Press LLC, Boca Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German (language)
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland ( Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic ( North Bohemia), Denmark ( North Schleswig), Slovakia ( Krahule), Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 million total speakers as of 2024. It is the most spoken native language within the European Union. German is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language, after En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trap Crop
A trap is a device used for trapping animals. Trap or TRAP may also refer to: Art and entertainment Films and television * Trap (2015 film), ''Trap'' (2015 film), a Filipino film * Trap (2024 film), ''Trap'' (2024 film), an American film by M. Night Shyamalan * Traps (1985 film), ''Traps'' (1985 film), an Australian film by John Hughes * Traps (1994 film), ''Traps'' (1994 film), an Australian film by Pauline Chan * ''A Trap'', a 1997 Polish film * Trap (TV series), ''Trap'' (TV series), a 2019 South Korean television series * Traps (TV series), ''Traps'' (TV series), a 1994 American police family drama Music * Trap music, a subgenre of hip hop that originated in the 1990s in the Southeastern United States * Trap music (EDM), a subgenre of electronic dance music that originated in the 2010s * Trap (EP), ''Trap'' (EP), debut by Henry, 2013 * Trap (Dead Man Ray album), ''Trap'' (Dead Man Ray album), 2000 * Trap (Shakira song), "Trap" (Shakira song) (featuring Maluma), 2018 *" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radish
The radish (''Raphanus sativus'') is a flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its large taproot is commonly used as a root vegetable, although the entire plant is edible and its leaves are sometimes used as a leaf vegetable. Originally domesticated in Asia, radishes are now grown and consumed globally. The radish is sometimes considered to form a species complex with the wild radish, and instead given the trinomial name ''Raphanus raphanistrum'' subsp. ''sativus''. Radishes are often used raw as a crunchy salad vegetable with a pungent, slightly spicy flavor, varying in intensity depending on its growing environment. There are numerous varieties varying in size, flavor, color, and length of time they take to mature. Radishes owe their sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase, and isothiocyanate. They are sometimes grown as companion plants and suffer from few pests and diseases. They germinate q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mentha
''Mentha'', also known as mint (from Greek , Linear B ''mi-ta''), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear. Hybridization occurs naturally where some species' ranges overlap. Many hybrids and cultivars are known. The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution, growing best in wet environments and moist soils. Description Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial herbs. They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. Mints will grow tall and can spread over an indeterminate area. Due to their tendency to spread unchecked, some mints are considered invasive. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with a serrated margin. Leaf colors range from dark green and gray-green to purple, blue, and sometimes pale yellow. The flowers are produced in long bracts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thyme
Thyme () is a culinary herb consisting of the dried aerial parts of some members of the genus ''Thymus (plant), Thymus'' of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae. Thymes are native to Eurasia and north Africa. Thymes have culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The species most commonly cultivated and used for culinary purposes is ''Thymus vulgaris'', native to Southeast Europe. History Thymus serpyllum, Wild thyme grows in the Levant, where it might have been first cultivated. Ancient Egyptians used common thyme (''Thymus vulgaris'') for embalming. The Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks used it in their baths and burnt it as incense in their temples, believing it was a source of courage. The spread of thyme throughout Europe was thought to be due to the Ancient Rome, Romans, as they used it to purify their rooms and to "give an aromatic flavour to cheese and liqueurs". In the European Middle Ages, the herb was placed beneath pillows to aid sleep and ward off nightmares ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intercrop
Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice that involves the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field, a form of polyculture. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources or ecological processes that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. Methods The degree of spatial and temporal overlap in the two crops can vary somewhat, but both requirements must be met for a cropping system to be an intercrop. Numerous types of intercropping, all of which vary the temporal and spatial mixture to some degree, have been identified. Mixed intercropping Mixed intercropping consists of multiple crops freely mixed in the available space. In the 21st century, it remains a common practice in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Georgia, and a few other places. Freely mixed intercropping has been practiced for thousands of years. In medieval England, farmers mixed oat and barley, which they called dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companion Plant
Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop productivity. Companion planting is a form of polyculture. Companion planting is used by farmers and gardeners in both industrialized and developing countries for many reasons. Many of the modern principles of companion planting were present many centuries ago in forest gardens in Asia, and thousands of years ago in Mesoamerica. The technique may allow farmers to reduce costly inputs of artificial fertilisers and pesticides. Traditional practice History Companion planting was practiced in various forms by the indigenous peoples of the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans. These peoples domesticated squash 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, then maize, then common beans, forming the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Holland Publishers
New Holland Publishers is an Australian based international publisher of non-fiction books, founded in 1955. It is a privately held company, with offices in Australia. History The publishing firm was established as "Holland Press" was on 20 June 1955 in Southwark, London, England, and renamed to New Holland Publishers in 1988. It currently operates offices in Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia. The company went through a significant round of redundancies from 2008 to 2011. In 2013 the company sold US publishing rights to over 200 titles to Bloomsbury Publishing, Bloomsbury; and in 2014 over 1,400 titles to Fox Chapel Publishing of East Petersburg, Pennsylvania. In 2018 The UK branch of New Holland Publishers closed its offices and the original 1955 business NEW HOLLAND PUBLISHERS (UK) LIMITED was dissolved on 21 August 2018 In 2022 New Holland publishers; New Zealand branch was purchased by Upstart Press Limited References Book publishing companies based in London Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altica
''Altica'' (Neo-Latin from Greek , ''haltikós'', "jumper" or "jumping") is a large genus of flea beetles in the subfamily Galerucinae, with about 300 species, distributed nearly worldwide.Ross H. Arnett et al. ''American Beetles'', Vol. 2: ''Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea''. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2002. . P. 662–663. The genus is best represented in the Neotropical realm, well represented in the Nearctic and Palearctic, but occurs also in the Afrotropic, Indomalaya, and Australasia. The species are similar to each other, small metallic blue-green-bronze beetles, often distinguished from each other only by the aedeagus. The species of ''Altica'', both as larvae and as adults, are phytophagous, feeding on plant foliage of various food plant taxa, specific for each ''Altica'' species. Onagraceae and Rosaceae (mainly ''Rubus'') are the dominant host plant families for Holarctic species. The adult ''Altica'' beetles are able to jump away when approached. Select ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothmannia
''Rothmannia'' is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described in 1776 and is named for Göran Rothman (1739–1778) by Thunberg – both were pupils of Linnaeus. Description Although Rubiaceae flowers are generally organized in many-flowered inflorescences, solitary flowers are also found in this genus. The reduction of the number of flowers per inflorescence is often invertedly proportionate to the size of the flowers, which explains the large solitary flowers of some ''Rothmannia''. Distribution and species The genus originally had wide distribution, but is now restricted to species found in tropical and southern Africa: * '' Rothmannia annae'' (E.P. Wright) Keay * '' Rothmannia capensis'' Thunb. * '' Rothmannia ebamutensis'' Sonké * '' Rothmannia engleriana'' ( K.Schum.) Keay * '' Rothmannia fischeri'' ( K.Schum.) Bullock ex Oberm. * '' Rothmannia globosa'' ( Hochst.) Keay * '' Rothmannia hispida'' ( K.Schum.) Fagerl. * '' Rothmannia jol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
