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Flak Division
In the ''Luftwaffe'' of Nazi Germany during World War II, a Flak division () was a Division (military), division-sized military formation that was officially tasked with the conduct of anti-aircraft warfare, often against the Strategic bombing during World War II, Allied strategic bombing campaigns. History German anti-aircraft forces (dubbed Flak, an abbreviation of ''Flugzeugabwehrkanone'', '[anti-]aircraft defense cannon') had been organized in the years 1939 and 1940 into Flak Detachments (), some of which were mobilized for the Battle of France and placed into the newly formed Flak Corps (), I Flak Corps and II Flak Corps, which were attached to Army Group A,Army Group A, responsible for the central sector, and Army Group B, responsible for the northern sector, respectively.Army Group A, Besides the Flak Corps and the Flak Detachments, air defense in the German homeland was handled by the Air Defense Commands (), of which 6 had been formed by the beginning of war in Septemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German '' Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the '' Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabteilung'' of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force. During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the ''Luftwaffe''s existence was publicly acknowledged on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a ''Luftwaffe'' detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, provided the force with a valuable testing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its namesake Main River, it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighboring city of Offenbach am Main and its urban area has a population of over 2.3 million. The city is the heart of the larger Rhine-Main metropolitan region, which has a population of more than 5.6 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region. Frankfurt's central business district, the Bankenviertel, lies about northwest of the geographic center of the EU at Gadheim, Lower Franconia. Like France and Franconia, the city is named after the Franks. Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhine Franconian dialect area. Frankfurt was a city state, the Free City of Frankfurt, for nearly five centuries, and was one of the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th Flak Division
15 (fifteen) is the natural number following 14 and preceding 16. Mathematics 15 is: * A composite number, and the sixth semiprime; its proper divisors being , and . * A deficient number, a smooth number, a lucky number, a pernicious number, a bell number (i.e., the number of partitions for a set of size 4), a pentatope number, and a repdigit in binary (1111) and quaternary (33). In hexadecimal, and higher bases, it is represented as F. * A triangular number, a hexagonal number, and a centered tetrahedral number. * The number of partitions of 7. * The smallest number that can be factorized using Shor's quantum algorithm. * The magic constant of the unique order-3 normal magic square. * The number of supersingular primes. Furthermore, * 15 is one of two numbers within the ''teen'' numerical range (13-19) not to use a single-digit number in the prefix of its name (the first syllable preceding the ''teen'' suffix); instead, it uses the adjective form of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Flak Division
In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the note thirteen scale degrees from the root of a chord and also the interval between the root and the thirteenth. The interval can be also described as a compound sixth, spanning an octave plus a sixth. The thirteenth is most commonly major or minor . A thirteenth chord is the stacking of six (major or minor) thirds, the last being above the 11th of an eleventh chord. Thus a thirteenth chord is a tertian (built from thirds) chord containing the interval of a thirteenth, and is an extended chord if it includes the ninth and/or the eleventh. "The jazzy thirteenth is a very versatile chord and is used in many genres." Since 13th chords tend to become unclear or confused with other chords when inverted, they are generally found in root position.Benward & Saker (2009). ''Music in Theory and Practice: Volume II'', p.179. Eighth Edition. . For example, depending on voicing, a major triad with an added major sixth is usuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Flak Division
The 9th Flak Division was a division of the Luftwaffe created in western France in January 1941. It served on the Eastern Front before being surrounded in Stalingrad in November 1942 and destroyed. The division was reformed in February 1943 in the before Kuban Peninsula, and spent the remainder of the war on the Eastern Front. Order of battle The Division consisted of the following units at Stalingrad, under the command of Wolfgang Pickert __NOTOC__ Wolfgang Pickert (3 February 1897 – 19 July 1984) was a general in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded the III Flak Corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. In Jan ...: * 37th Motorised Flak Regiment * 91st Motorised Flak Regiment * 104th Motorised Flak Regiment * 129th Motorised Signals Battalion References * * {{Use dmy dates, date=June 2017 Luftwaffe Divisions Air defence divisions Military units and formations established in 1941 Military units an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th Flak Division
14 (fourteen) is a natural number following 13 and preceding 15. In relation to the word "four" ( 4), 14 is spelled "fourteen". In mathematics * 14 is a composite number. * 14 is a square pyramidal number. * 14 is a stella octangula number. * In hexadecimal, fourteen is represented as E * Fourteen is the lowest even ''n'' for which the equation φ(''x'') = ''n'' has no solution, making it the first even nontotient (see Euler's totient function). * Take a set of real numbers and apply the closure and complement operations to it in any possible sequence. At most 14 distinct sets can be generated in this way. ** This holds even if the reals are replaced by a more general topological space. See Kuratowski's closure-complement problem * 14 is a Catalan number. * Fourteen is a Companion Pell number. * According to the Shapiro inequality 14 is the least number ''n'' such that there exist ''x'', ''x'', ..., ''x'' such that :\sum_^ \frac < \frac where ''x'' = ''x'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th Flak Division
The 12th Flak Division () was a flak division of the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II. It was active from early 1942 until 1945. History The 12th Flak Division was formed in early 1942 (probably on 1 February 1942) in the central sector of the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front from the staff of the 9th Flak Brigade. It took over the former 9th Flak Brigade's air signals detachment, which became Air Signals Detachment 132 under command of the 12th Flak Division. It was the first newly-formed motorized flak division that was deployed in the field to provide additional combat strength on the Eastern Front, in this case to Army Group Center in the aftermath of the Battle of Moscow (1941/42). In May 1942, it was placed in charge of the air defense of the southern part of the army group, including the 2nd Army (Wehrmacht), 2nd Army and 4th Army (Wehrmacht), 4th Army, by taking over the 21st, 34th and 101st Flak Regiment from 18th Flak Division. The initial divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front of World War II was a Theater (warfare), theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Polish Armed Forces in the East, Poland and other Allies of World War II, Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltic states, Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. It was known as the Great Patriotic War (term), Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union – and still is in some of its successor states, while almost everywhere else it has been called the ''Eastern Front''. In present-day German and Ukrainian historiography the name German-Soviet War is typically used. The battles on the Eastern Front of the Second World War constituted the largest military confrontation in history. They were characterised by unprecedented ferocity and brutality, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life due to combat, starvation, expos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Flak Division
The 3rd Flak Division () was a Flak division of the '' Luftwaffe'' of Nazi Germany during World War II. Its primary function during the war was the defense of the airspace of the city of Hamburg, where it remained for the duration of the conflict. It was initially formed in 1938 and designated a division in 1941. History The command staff of the Air Space Command Hamburg () was formed in Hamburg on 1 July 1938. The initial head of the air defense staff was Ottfried Sattler. It received the cardinal number 3 on 1 August 1939, making it 3rd Air Space Defense Command (). On 15 January 1940, Wolfgang Rüter assumed command of the division. On 1 September 1941, it was renamed to become the 3rd Flak Division (). On the same day, Theodor Spieß became divisional commander. For the entire rest of the war, the 3rd Flak Division remained in the area of greater Hamburg, where it provided the first line of defense against the Western Allied Bombings of Hamburg in World War II. The city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Flak Division
The 1st Flak Division () was a Flak division of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. Its primary and most noteworthy function throughout the war was the defense of the air space of the city of Berlin. History The staff of the 1st Flak Division was created in Berlin ( Luftgau III) on 1 July 1938 under the name "Air Defense Command Berlin" (). On 1 August 1939, the name was specified into "1st Air Defense Command Berlin" (). The initial head of the Air Defense Command staff was a Major General named Braun, who was in August 1938 replaced by Gerhard Hoffmann.At the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939, 1st Air Defense Command consisted of elements of Flak Regiment 12, Flak Regiment 22, Flak Regiment 32, Flak Regiment 52 and Flak Regiment General Göring, spread across the various boroughs of Berlin. The overall HQ was in Berlin-Dahlem, the staffs of Flak Regiment 12, Flak Regiment 22 and Flak Regiment General Göring were positioned at Berlin-Lankwitz, Brandenburg an der Havel a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ploiești
Ploiești ( , , ), formerly spelled Ploești, is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania. Part of the historical region of Muntenia, it is located north of Bucharest. The area of Ploiești is around , and it borders the Blejoi commune in the north, Bărcănești and Brazi communes in the south, Târgșoru Vechi commune in the west, and Bucov and Berceni communes in the east. According to the 2011 Romanian census, there were 201,226 people living within the city limits, making it the ninth most populous in the country. The city grew beginning with the 17th century on an estate bought by Michael the Brave from the local landlords, gradually taking the place of the nearby Wallachian fairs of Târgșor, Gherghița and Bucov. Its evolution was accelerated by heavy industrialisation, with the world's first systematic petroleum refinery being opened in 1856–1857. Following massive exploitation of the oil deposits in the area, Ploiești earned the nickname of "th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Military Administration In Occupied France During World War II
The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Second Armistice at after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
