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Five Martyrs Of The League Of Left-Wing Writers
__NOTOC__ The League of Left-Wing Writers (), commonly abbreviated as the Zuolian in Chinese, was founded in Shanghai on 2 March 1930 and subsequently established branches in Beijing, Tianjin, and Tokyo, Japan. Upon creation, the group had over 50 members, many of whom were also members of the Chinese Communist Party. The league eventually grew to have an estimated count of over 400 members. Due to danger from the Kuomintang party and the common threat of betrayal from within the league, the league kept no records of its membership and was structured in cells of four to five members. Within the cells, members were only allowed contact with their immediate supervisor. History Before the official inauguration of the league, a preparatory committee of twelve members was formed by the Cultural Committee of the Central Propaganda Section. The preparatory committee members included, Lu Xun, Rou Shi, Feng Xuefeng, Xia Yan, Jiang Guangci, Hong Lingfei, Zheng Boqi, Feng Naichao, Qian Xin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feng Keng
Feng Keng (; 7 October 1907 – 10 February 1931) was a poet and author who, following her execution became known as one of the Five Martyrs of the League of Left-Wing Writers. Feng was born in Guangdong province, China. Her mother was a teacher. When the magazine ''China Forum'' reported on the executions, it also published poems and stories written by four of those killed, and Feng's work was featured. References Bibliography * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Feng, Keng 1907 births 1931 deaths Executed writers People executed by the Republic of China Executed people from Guangdong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guo Moruo
Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 – June 12, 1978), courtesy name Dingtang, was a Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official. Biography Family history Guo Moruo, originally named Guo Kaizhen, was born on November 10 or 16, in the small town of Shawan, located on the Dadu River some southwest from what was then called the city of Jiading (Lu) (Chia-ting (Lu), ), and now is the central urban area of the prefecture level city of Leshan in Sichuan Province. At the time of Guo's birth, Shawan was a town of some 180 families.David Tod Roy, "Kuo Mo-jo: The Early Years". Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1971. No ISBN. Guo's father's ancestors were Hakkas from Ninghua County in Tingzhou Prefecture, near the western border of Fujian. They moved to Sichuan in the second half of the 17th century, after Sichuan had lost much of its population to the rebels/bandits of Zhang Xianzhong ( 1605–1647). According to family legend, the only possessio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhou Yang (literary Theorist)
Zhou Yang or Chou Yang (November 7, 1908 – July 31, 1989), courtesy name Qiying (起应), was a Chinese literary theorist, translator and Marxist thinker, active from the founding of the League of the Left-Wing Writers in 1930. In the 1930s he was notable for his sharp disagreements with other leftist writers, including Lu Xun, concerning leftist literary theory.Lovell, Julia. "Introduction". In ''Lu Xun: The Real story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China, The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun.'' England: Penguin Classics. 2009. . p.xxxii Zhou also translated the works of Leo Tolstoy and other Russian writers into Chinese. History After the People's Republic of China was declared in 1949, Zhou became one of Mao Zedong's most-supported literary theorists. In August 1956, Ding Ling was accused during the Sufan Movement of forming an anti-party clique. As part of her response to the allegations, she criticized Zhou for his extramarital affair. Ding's criticism of Zhou was widely circul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Feng
Hu Feng (, November 2, 1902 – June 8, 1985) was a Chinese Marxist writer, poet and literary theorist. He was a prominent member of the League of Left-Wing Writers. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hu Feng became a member of the First National People's Congress of China, but was then heavily persecuted as the chief of the Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique (). The persecution became a massive Purge, political purge. He was first Political rehabilitation, rehabilitated in 1980 and fully rehabilitated, posthumously, in 1988. Life Early life Hu Feng was born in Qichun, Hubei on November 2, 1902, as a son of a toufu artisan. He started school in his village in 1913 and entered middle school in Wuchang, capital of Hubei, in 1920. He transferred to the High School Affiliated to the National Southeastern University (, now High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University), which was also the school of writer Ba Jin. He joined Socialist Youth League of Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mei Zhi
Mei Zhi (22 June 1914 – 8 October 2004) was a Chinese children's author and essayist. Biography Mei Zhi was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi, the eldest daughter of three children. Mei joined the League of Left-Wing Writers in Shanghai in 1932. She met another member of this group, Hu Feng, in 1933 when he returned after being deported from Japan and the two married at the end of the year. The two lived in Shanghai, where their home became a meeting place for other members of the League of Left-Wing Writers. Mei published her first volume in 1934 titled ''Shoushang zhi ye''(). During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Mei moved with her family first to Wuhan, then to Chongqing. Whilst they moved, Hu increased the number of publications of his literary magazine ''Qi Yue'' (), which Mei copy-edited. Mei also edited the magazine ''Xiwang'' (). In 1941, Mei fled with her family to Hong Kong, which soon fell to the Japanese, after which they went to Guilin. By 1946, the family reached ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ding Ling
Ding Ling ( zh, c=丁玲, p=Dīng Líng; October 12, 1904 – March 4, 1986), formerly romanized as Ting Ling, was the pen name of Jiang Bingzhi ( zh, s=蒋冰之, t=蔣冰之, p=Jiǎng Bīngzhī), also known as Bin Zhi (彬芷 ''Bīn Zhǐ''), one of the most celebrated Chinese women authors of the 20th century. She is known for her feminist and socialist realist literature. Ding was active in leftist literary circles connected to the Chinese Communist Party and was imprisoned by the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang or "KMT") for her politics. She later became a leader in the literary community in the Communist base of Yan'an, and held high literature and culture positions in the early government of the People's Republic of China. She was awarded the Soviet Union's Stalin second prize for Literature in 1951 for her socialist-realist work ''The Sun Shines Over Sanggan River''. Ding's political loyalties were questioned over time because of a note she had written while be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liang Shiqiu
Liang Shih-chiu (January 6, 1903 – November 3, 1987), also romanized as Liang Shiqiu, and also known as Liang Chih-hwa (), was a renowned Chinese educator, writer, translator, literary theorist and lexicographer. Biography Liang was born in Beijing in 1903. His father, Liang Xianxi (), was a '' xiucai'' in the Qing dynasty. He was educated at Tsinghua College in Beijing from 1915 to 1923. He went on to study at Colorado College and later pursued his graduate studies at Harvard and Columbia Universities. At Harvard, he studied literary criticism under Irving Babbitt, whose New Humanism helped shape his conservative literary tenets. After his return to China in 1926, he began a long career as a professor of English at several universities, including Peking University, Tsingtao University, and Jinan University. He also served as the editor of a succession of literary supplements and periodicals, including the famous '' Crescent Moon Monthly'' (1928–1933). During this peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Zhimo
Xu Zhimo (, , Mandarin: , 15 January 1897 – 19 November 1931) was a Chinese poet. Best known for his work in modern Chinese poetry, he strove to loosen Chinese poetry from its traditional forms and to reshape it under the influences of Western poetry and the vernacular Chinese language. He died in a plane crash at age 34. Biography Xu Zhimo has several names. He is most known as Xú Zhìmó (; Wu IPA: , Wu pinyin: Zhi Tsymu; Mandarin IPA: , Wades-Giles: Hsü Chih-mo), while he was born Xú Zhāngxù () with the courtesy name Yǒusēn (). Xu was born in Haining, Zhejiang and graduated from Hangzhou High School, a well-known school in Southern China. He married Zhang Youyi in 1915 and attended Peiyang University in 1916 (now Tianjin University) to study law. In 1917, he moved to Peking University (PKU) due to the law department of Peiyang University merging into PKU. In 1918, he traveled to the United States to earn his bachelor's degree at Clark University in Worceste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Shi
Hu Shih ( zh, t=胡適; 17 December 189124 February 1962) was a Chinese academic, writer, and politician. Hu contributed to Chinese liberalism and language reform, and was a leading advocate for the use of written vernacular Chinese. He participated in the May Fourth Movement and China's New Culture Movement. He was a president of Peking University and Academia Sinica. Hu was the editor of the ''Free China Journal'', which was shut down for criticizing Chiang Kai-shek. In 1919, he also criticized Li Dazhao. Hu advocated that the world adopt Western-style democracy. Moreover, Hu criticized Sun Yat-sen's claim that people are incapable of self-rule. Hu criticized the Nationalist government for betraying the ideal of Constitutionalism in ''The Outline of National Reconstruction''. Hu wrote many essays questioning the political legitimacy of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party. Specifically, Hu said that the autocratic dictatorship system of the CCP was "un-Chinese" and aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao Dun
Shen Dehong (Shen Yanbing; 4 July 1896 – 27 March 1981), best known by the pen name of Mao Dun, was a Chinese novelist, essayist, journalist, playwright, literary and cultural critic. He was highly celebrated for his Literary realism, realist novels, including ''Ziye, Midnight'', which depicts life in cosmopolitan Shanghai. Mao was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party and participated in a number of left-wing cultural movements during the 1920s and 1930s. He was the editor-in-chief of ''Fiction Monthly'' and helped lead the League of Left-Wing Writers. He formed a strong friendship with fellow left-wing Chinese author Lu Xun. From 1949 to 1965, Mao served as the first Minister of Culture and Tourism (China), Minister of Culture in the People's Republic of China. In addition to novels, Mao Dun published a number of essays, scripts, theories, short stories, and novellas. He was well known for translating Western literature, as he had gained academic knowledge o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qu Qiubai
Qu Qiubai (; 29 January 1899 – 18 June 1935) was a Chinese writer, poet, translator, and a political activist. In the late 1920s and early 1930s he was the de facto leader of the Chinese Communist Party. In 1935, he was arrested and executed by the Republic of China Government led by the Kuomintang in Changting, Fujian. Early life Qu was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu. His family lived in Tianxiang Lou () located on Qingguo Lane (). Qu's father, Qu Shiwei (), was born in a family that was once powerful. He was good at painting and fencing and acquired much medical knowledge, but had no interest in politics and business. Qu's mother, Jin Xuan (), the daughter of an elite government official, was skilled in poetry. Qu had five brothers and one sister, he being the eldest. When Qu was young, his family lived in his uncle's house and was supported financially by relatives. Though Qu's father took a job as teacher, he was not able to support his family due to his addiction to opium. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
