Fine Structure Constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by (the Greek letter ''alpha''), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. It is a dimensionless quantity, independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge ''e'' with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately , with a relative uncertainty of The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 Equation 12a, ''"rund 7·" (about ...)'' when extending the Bohr model of the atom. quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887. Definition In terms of other fundamental physical constants, may be defined as: \alpha = \frac = \frac , where * is the elementary ...
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Physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order o