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Field Mill (carriage)
A field mill, also known as a camp mill, was a premodern vehicle which acted as a mobile mill used for grinding grains, which had the very practical use of feeding a moving army. History Later Zhao In the ''Yezhongji'' (鄴中記) ('Record of Affairs at the Capital of the Later Zhao Dynasty') by Lu Hui, covering the history of the Later Zhao (319–351 AD) court in China, the text describes various mechanical devices used, including the wheeled odometer for measuring distance and the south-pointing chariot for indicating cardinal direction.Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 256. Two engineers in particular, the Palace Officer Xie Fei and Director of Imperial Workshops Wei Mengbian,Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 257. were known for their designs and worked at the court of Shi Hu (r. 334–349). The two had crafted a four-wheeled carriage about 6 m (20 ft) long with water-spouting dragons hanging over a large golden Buddhist statue that had a mechanical wooden statue of a Daoist conti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pompeo Targone's Field Mill In Zonca's Treatise Of 1607
Pompeo is both a masculine Italian given name and a surname, derived from the Roman " Pompeius". Notable people with the name include: Name Given name: * Pompeo Aldrovandi (1668–1752), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church * Pompeo Aldrovandini (1677–1735), Italian painter of the Baroque period * Pompeo Batoni (1708–1787), Italian painter * Pompeo Cannicciari (1670–1744), Italian composer * Pompeo Colonna (1479–1532), Italian Cardinal, politician and condottiero * Pompeo Coppini (1870–1957), Italian sculptor who emigrated to the United States * Pompeo D'Ambrosio (1917–1998), Italian who became a Venezuelan businessman * Pompeo Ghitti (1631–1703), Italian painter of the Baroque period * Pompeo Landulfo (1515–1590), Italian painter of the Renaissance period * Pompeo Marchesi (1783–1858), Lombard sculptor of the neoclassical school * Pompeo Posar (1921–2004), Playboy magazine staff photographer * Pompeo Targone, Italian military engineer in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as List of islands of Italy, nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the List of European countries by area, tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering , and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and List of cities in Italy, largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. The history of Italy goes back to numerous List of ancient peoples of Italy, Italic peoples—notably including the ancient Romans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of China
The recorded military history of China extends from about 2200 BC to the present day. This history can be divided into the military history of China before 1912, when a revolution overthrew the imperial state, and the period of the Republic of China Army and the People's Liberation Army. Pre-modern period Although the traditional Chinese Confucian philosophy favored peaceful political solutions and showed contempt for brute military force, the military was influential in most Chinese states. The Chinese pioneered the use of crossbows, advanced metallurgical standardization for arms and armor, early gunpowder weapons such as the Cannon and Fire Lance, and other advanced weapons, but also adopted nomadic cavalry and Western military technology later on.Frederic E. Wakeman: ''The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China'', Vol. 1 (1985), , p. 77 In addition, China's armies also benefited from an advanced logistics system as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Inventions
Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Italian, regional variants of the Italian language ** Languages of Italy, languages and dialects spoken in Italy ** Italian culture, cultural features of Italy ** Italian cuisine, traditional foods ** Folklore of Italy, the folklore and urban legends of Italy ** Mythology of Italy, traditional religion and beliefs Other uses * Italian dressing, a vinaigrette-type salad dressing or marination * Italian or Italian-A, alternative names for the Ping-Pong virus, an extinct computer virus * ''Italien'' (magazine), pro-Fascist magazine in Germany between 1927 and 1944 See also * * * Italia (other) * Italic (other) * Italo (other) * The Italian (other) * Italian people (other) Italian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grinding Mills
A mill is a device, often a structure, machine or kitchen appliance, that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting. Such comminution is an important unit operation in many processes. There are many different types of mills and many types of materials processed in them. Historically, mills were powered by hand or by animals (e.g., via a hand crank), working animal (e.g., horse mill), wind (windmill) or water (watermill). In the modern era, they are usually powered by electricity. The grinding of solid materials occurs through mechanical forces that break up the structure by overcoming the interior bonding forces. After the grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, the grain size disposition and the grain shape. Milling also refers to the process of breaking down, separating, sizing, or classifying aggregate material (e.g. mining ore). For instance rock crushing or grinding to produce uniform aggregate size for construction p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Inventions
History of Science and Technology in China, China has been the source of many innovations, scientific discovery (observation), discoveries and inventions. This includes the ''Four Great Inventions'': papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and History of typography in East Asia, early printing (both Woodblock printing, woodblock and movable type). The list below contains these and other inventions in ancient and modern China attested by archaeological or historical evidence, including List of inventions and discoveries of Neolithic China, prehistoric inventions of Neolithic and early Bronze Age China. The historical region now known as China experienced a History of science and technology in China, history involving mechanics, hydraulics and mathematics applied to horology, metallurgy, astronomy, agriculture, engineering, music theory, Artisan, craftsmanship, Maritime history, naval architecture and warfare. Use of the plow during the List of Neolithic cultures of China, Neolithic p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Schreck
Johann(es) Schreck, also Terrenz or Terrentius Constantiensis, Deng Yuhan Hanpo 鄧玉函, Deng Zhen Lohan, (1576, Bingen, Baden-Württemberg or Constance – 11 May 1630, Beijing) was a German Jesuit, missionary to China and polymath. He is credited with the development of scientific-technical terminology in Chinese. Early life Schreck studied medicine starting in 1590 at the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, the University of Altdorf. After graduating, he is also known to have worked as an assistant to the mathematician François Viète in Paris in around 1600. After Viète's death in 1603, he moved to the University of Padua, where he was a student of Galileo Galilei, but studied medicine.E Schreck had an exceptional facility with languages; he spoke German, Italian, Portuguese, French and English. Like most educated men of his time, he wrote his letters in Latin. He also mastered Ancient Greek, Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic. Later in his life, he learned Chinese. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuit
The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest religious order in the Catholic Church and has played significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts and global policies. The Society of Jesus is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote Ecumenism, ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patron saint, patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuanxi Qiqi Tushuo Luzui
''Diagrams and Explanations of the Wonderful Machines of the Far West'' (Chinese: ''Yuǎn xī qí qì túshuō lù zuì'', 遠西奇器圖說錄最, often abridged as ''Qí qì túshuō'', 奇器圖說) was an encyclopedia of Western mechanical devices translated into Chinese by the Jesuit Johann Schreck (1576-1630), and the Chinese scholar Wang Zheng (王徵 1571–1644). This book was the first to present Western mechanical knowledge to a Chinese audience. The book was published in 1627. Particularly, the works of the Italian engineers Agostino Ramelli or Vittorio Zonca were reproduced in this translation, as well as those of the French engineer Jacques Besson. Plates depicting European machine were reproduced quite precisely, although in a Chinese pictorial style.Baigrie, p.23 See also * Jesuit China missions The history of the missions of the Jesuits in China is part of the history of Foreign relations of China, relations between China and the Western world. The mis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittorio Zonca
Vittorio Zonca (1568–1603) was an Italian engineer and writer. He wrote the ''Theater of machines'', which was published in Padua in 1607 four years after his death. Some of his plates were translated into Chinese by Johann Schreck and published in the 1627 Chinese book on European mechanical arts ''Diagrams and explanations of the wonderful machines of the Far West''. Works * Vittorio Zonc''Novo Teatro di Machine et Edificii'' Padua 1607. * Notes References * Arnold Pacey ''The Maze of Ingenuity: Ideas and Idealism in the Development of Technology'' MIT Press, 1992 * Francis C. Moon ''The Machines of Leonardo Da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux: Kinematics of Machines from the Renaissance to the 20th Century'' Springer, 2007 * Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Gwei-Djen Lu ''Science and civilisation in China'' Cambridge University Press, 1965 External links * *Vittorio Zonca (1607''Novo teatro di machine et edificii per varie et sicure operationi'' - digital facsimile from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
