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Ferrer's Execution
Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia (; January 14, 1859 – October 13, 1909), widely known as Francisco Ferrer (), was a Spanish radical freethinker, anarchist, and educationist behind a network of secular, private, libertarian schools in and around Barcelona. His execution, following a revolt in Barcelona, propelled Ferrer into martyrdom and grew an international movement of radicals and libertarians, who established schools in his model and promoted his schooling approach. Ferrer was raised on a farm near Barcelona, where he developed republican and anti-clerical convictions. As a train conductor, he transmitted messages for the republican leader Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla, exiled in France. Following a failed republican uprising in 1885, Ferrer, too, moved to Paris with his family, where they stayed for 16 years. Ferrer began to explore anarchism and education. At the turn of the century, Ferrer had resolved to open a libertarian school modeled on Paul Robin's Prévost orphanage scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alella
Alella () is a village in the ''comarca'' of Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast on the southwest side of the granite Catalan Coastal Range. The town is known for its wines, cava and perfumes, but is also a commuter town for nearby Barcelona. What used to be the old Roman Road (Via Augusta), uniting Rome and Andalusia, is still today a narrow road running through the village. Demography According to Spanish census data, this is the population of Alella in recent years. Historical and interesting buildings * Church of Sant Feliu, Roman construction which has inside the Altarpiece designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí. * "Cal Marqués", a civil building of neoclassical construction. * "Casa Alella" or "Les Quatre Torres", a civil eclectic building. * "Masía Can Magarola" is one of the oldest farmhouses in Alella and it preserves remains of buildings from the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Notable natives * Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformity
Conformity or conformism is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to social group, group norms, politics or being like-minded. Social norm, Norms are implicit, specific rules, guidance shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others. People often choose to conform to society rather than to pursue personal desires – because it is often easier to follow the path others have made already, rather than forging a new one. Thus, conformity is sometimes a product of group communication. This tendency to conform occurs in small groups and/or in society as a whole and may result from subtle unconscious influences (predisposed mental state, state of mind), or from direct and overt social pressure. Conformity can occur in the presence of others, or when an individual is alone. For example, people tend to follow social norms when eating or when watching television, even if alone. Solomon Asch, a social psychologist whose obedience research remains a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Orient De France
The Grand Orient de France (, abbr. GODF) is the oldest and largest of several Freemasonic organizations based in France and is the oldest in Continental Europe (as it was formed out of an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773, and briefly absorbed the rump of the older body in 1799, allowing it to date its foundation to 1728 or 1733). The Grand Orient de France is generally regarded as the "mother lodge" of Continental Freemasonry. History Foundation In 1777, the Grand Orient de France recognised the antiquity of the ''Lodge of Perfect Equality'', said to have been formed in 1688. This, if it actually existed at that time, was a military lodge attached to the Earl of Granard's Royal Irish Regiment, formed by Charles II of England in Saint-Germain in 1661, just before his return to England. The regiment remained loyal to the Stuarts, and did not return to France until after the fall of Limerick in 1689. They returned to barracks in Saint-Germain in 1698, surviving to become the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republicanism In Spain
Republicanism in Spain is a political position and movement that believes Spain should be a republic. There has existed in Spain a persistent trend of Republicanism, republican thought, especially throughout the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, that has manifested itself in diverse political parties and movements over the entire course of the history of Spain. While these movements have shared the objective of establishing a republic, during these three centuries there have surged distinct schools of thought on the form republicans would want to give to the Spanish Sovereign state, State: Unitary state, unitary or Federal republic, federal. Despite the country's long-lasting schools of republican movements, the government of Spain has been organized as a republic during only two short periods in its history, which totaled 9 years and 8 months of republican government. The First Spanish Republic lasted from February 1873 to December 1874, and the Second Spanish Republic lasted fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gran Oriente De España
Gran may refer to: People *Grandmother, affectionately known as "gran" * Gran (name) Places * Gran, the historical German name for Esztergom, a city and the primatial metropolitan see of Hungary * Gran, Norway, a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway * Gran (village), a village in Gran Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway * Grän, a municipality in the state of Tyrol, Austria * Gran (island), an island in Nordanstig Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden Spanish language In Spanish Gran means "Great" or "Greater", and may refer to: * Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands, Spain * Gran Colombia, a modern name for a former South American country called Colombia * Gran Sabana, a natural region in Venezuela * Gran Chaco, a South American lowland natural region * Gran Asunción (Greater Asunción), Paraguay * Gran Chimú Province, a province of La Libertad Region of Peru * Gran Torre Santiago, a skyscraper in Santiago, Chile * Big Brother (franchise), called "G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masonic Lodge
A Masonic lodge (also called Freemasons' lodge, or private lodge or constituent lodge) is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry. It is also a commonly used term for a building where Freemasons meet and hold their meetings. Every new lodge must be Warrant (finance), warranted or Charter, chartered by a Grand Lodge, but is subject to its direction only by enforcing the published constitution of the jurisdiction. By exception, the three surviving lodges that formed the world's first known grand lodge in London (now merged into the United Grand Lodge of England) have the unique privilege to operate as ''time immemorial'', i.e., without such warrant; only one other lodge operates without a warrant – the Grand Stewards' Lodge in London, although it is not entitled to the "time immemorial" status. A Freemason is generally entitled to visit any lodge in any jurisdiction (''i.e.'', under any Grand Lodge) in amity (recognition of mutual status) with his own Grand Lodge. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alella, Spain
Alella () is a village in the ''comarca'' of Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast on the southwest side of the granite Catalan Coastal Range. The town is known for its wines, cava and perfumes, but is also a commuter town for nearby Barcelona. What used to be the old Roman Road (Via Augusta), uniting Rome and Andalusia, is still today a narrow road running through the village. Demography According to Spanish census data, this is the population of Alella in recent years. Historical and interesting buildings * Church of Sant Feliu, Roman construction which has inside the Altarpiece designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí. * "Cal Marqués", a civil building of neoclassical construction. * "Casa Alella" or "Les Quatre Torres", a civil eclectic building. * "Masía Can Magarola" is one of the oldest farmhouses in Alella and it preserves remains of buildings from the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Notable natives * Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferrer Center And Ferrer Colony
Ferrer may refer to: Generic *Ferrer (surname) People surnamed Ferrer or de Ferrer *Ada Ferrer (born 1962), American historian *Albert Ferrer (born 1970), Spanish footballer *Aldo Ferrer (1927–2016), Argentine economist *Alex Ferrer, judge in the courtroom television show ''Judge Alex'' *Aurelia Ferrer (1880–1963), Argentine film actress *Concepció Ferrer (born 1938), Spanish academic and politician *Danay Ferrer (born 1974) *David Ferrer (born 1982), Spanish tennis player * Darien Ferrer (born 1983), Cuban volleyball player *Dennis Ferrer, American music producer and DJ *Eduardo Blasco Ferrer (1956–2017), Spanish-born specialist in the Sardinian language *Fernando Ferrer (born 1950), American politician * Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia (1859–1909), Catalan educator, anarchist, and free-thinker who founded the ''Escuela Moderna'' *Frank Ferrer, American rock drummer and session musician *Héctor Altuve Ferrer *Horacio Ferrer (1933–2014) Uruguayan-Argentine poet, broadcast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangaroo Court
Kangaroo court is an informal pejorative term for a court that ignores recognized standards of law or justice, carries little or no official standing in the territory within which it resides, and is typically convened ad hoc. A kangaroo court may ignore due process and come to a predetermined conclusion. The term is also used for a court held by a legitimate judicial authority, but which intentionally or structurally disregards the court's legal or ethical obligations (compare show trial). Etymology The term is known to have been used in the United States in 1841: an article in The Times-Picayune, ''The Daily Picayune'', New Orleans quotes the ''Concordia Intelligencer'' reporting several Lynching in the United States, lynchings "upon various charges instituted by the Kangaroo court", asking "Don't comprehend: What is a Kangaroo court?" The term is not attested to have been used in Australia, native land of the kangaroo, or elsewhere before then. Some sources suggest that the te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Show Trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt (law), guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined. The purpose of holding a show trial is to present both accusation and verdict to the public, serving as an example and a deterrence (penology), warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors. Show trials tend to be retributive justice, retributive rather than correctional justice, corrective, and they are also conducted for propaganda, propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected group, protected classes or characteristics, show trials are examples of political repression, political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928. A similar concept is the "kangaroo court". China After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, show trials were given to "rioters and counter-revolutionaries" involved in the protests and the subsequent military massacre. Chinese 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tragic Week (Catalonia)
Tragic Week (in Catalan ''la Setmana Tràgica'', in Spanish ''la Semana Trágica'') (25 July – 2 August 1909) was a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and anarchists, freemasons, socialists and republicans of Barcelona and other cities in Catalonia, Spain, during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Premier Antonio Maura to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in Morocco on 9 July, in what is known as the Second Rif War. Many of these reservists were the only breadwinners for their families, while the wealthy were able to hire substitutes. The figureheads most associated with the unrest were Alejandro Lerroux and Francisco Ferrer. Background The incident began when a party of conscripts, destined for Morocco, boarded ships owned by the marquess of Comillas, a prominent Catholic industrialist. The soldiers were the subject of patriotic addresses, the playing of the Royal M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
